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Florida Statute 856 | Lawyer Caselaw & Research
F.S. 856 Case Law from Google Scholar
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The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XLVI
CRIMES
Chapter 856
DRUNKENNESS; OPEN HOUSE PARTIES; LOITERING; PROWLING; DESERTION
View Entire Chapter
CHAPTER 856
CHAPTER 856
DRUNKENNESS; OPEN HOUSE PARTIES; LOITERING; PROWLING; DESERTION
856.011 Disorderly intoxication.
856.015 Open house parties.
856.021 Loitering or prowling; penalty.
856.022 Loitering or prowling by certain offenders in close proximity to children; penalty.
856.031 Arrest without warrant.
856.04 Desertion; withholding support; proviso.
856.011 Disorderly intoxication.
(1) No person in the state shall be intoxicated and endanger the safety of another person or property, and no person in the state shall be intoxicated or drink any alcoholic beverage in a public place or in or upon any public conveyance and cause a public disturbance.
(2) Any person violating the provisions of this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.
(3) Any person who shall have been convicted or have forfeited collateral under the provisions of subsection (1) three times in the preceding 12 months shall be deemed a habitual offender and may be committed by the court to an appropriate treatment resource for a period of not more than 60 days. Any peace officer, in lieu of incarcerating an intoxicated person for violation of subsection (1), may take or send the intoxicated person to her or his home or to a public or private health facility, and the law enforcement officer may take reasonable measures to ascertain the commercial transportation used for such purposes is paid for by such person in advance. Any law enforcement officers so acting shall be considered as carrying out their official duty.
History.s. 16A, ch. 71-132; s. 1383, ch. 97-102.
856.015 Open house parties.
(1) Definitions.As used in this section:
(a) “Alcoholic beverage” means distilled spirits and any beverage containing 0.5 percent or more alcohol by volume. The percentage of alcohol by volume shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of s. 561.01(4)(b).
(b) “Control” means the authority or ability to regulate, direct, or dominate.
(c) “Drug” means a controlled substance, as that term is defined in ss. 893.02(4) and 893.03.
(d) “Minor” means an individual not legally permitted by reason of age to possess alcoholic beverages pursuant to chapter 562.
(e) “Open house party” means a social gathering at a residence.
(f) “Person” means an individual 18 years of age or older.
(g) “Residence” means a home, apartment, condominium, or other dwelling unit.
(2) A person having control of any residence may not allow an open house party to take place at the residence if any alcoholic beverage or drug is possessed or consumed at the residence by any minor where the person knows that an alcoholic beverage or drug is in the possession of or being consumed by a minor at the residence and where the person fails to take reasonable steps to prevent the possession or consumption of the alcoholic beverage or drug.
(3) The provisions of this section shall not apply to the use of alcoholic beverages at legally protected religious observances or activities.
(4) Any person who violates any of the provisions of subsection (2) commits a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083. A person who violates subsection (2) a second or subsequent time commits a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.
(5) If a violation of subsection (2) causes or contributes to causing serious bodily injury, as defined in s. 316.1933, or death to the minor, or if the minor causes or contributes to causing serious bodily injury or death to another as a result of the minor’s consumption of alcohol or drugs at the open house party, the violation is a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.
History.ss. 4, 5, 6, 7, ch. 88-196; ss. 64, 65, 66, 67, ch. 88-381; s. 45, ch. 91-110; s. 217, ch. 91-224; s. 103, ch. 97-264; s. 9, ch. 99-186; s. 19, ch. 2000-320; s. 1, ch. 2002-60; s. 9, ch. 2002-78; s. 1, ch. 2011-161; s. 30, ch. 2016-145.
856.021 Loitering or prowling; penalty.
(1) It is unlawful for any person to loiter or prowl in a place, at a time or in a manner not usual for law-abiding individuals, under circumstances that warrant a justifiable and reasonable alarm or immediate concern for the safety of persons or property in the vicinity.
(2) Among the circumstances which may be considered in determining whether such alarm or immediate concern is warranted is the fact that the person takes flight upon appearance of a law enforcement officer, refuses to identify himself or herself, or manifestly endeavors to conceal himself or herself or any object. Unless flight by the person or other circumstance makes it impracticable, a law enforcement officer shall, prior to any arrest for an offense under this section, afford the person an opportunity to dispel any alarm or immediate concern which would otherwise be warranted by requesting the person to identify himself or herself and explain his or her presence and conduct. No person shall be convicted of an offense under this section if the law enforcement officer did not comply with this procedure or if it appears at trial that the explanation given by the person is true and, if believed by the officer at the time, would have dispelled the alarm or immediate concern.
(3) Any person violating the provisions of this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.
History.s. 1, ch. 72-133; s. 1384, ch. 97-102.
856.022 Loitering or prowling by certain offenders in close proximity to children; penalty.
(1) Except as provided in subsection (2), this section applies to a person convicted of committing, or attempting, soliciting, or conspiring to commit, any of the criminal offenses proscribed in the following statutes in this state or similar offenses in another jurisdiction against a victim who was under 18 years of age at the time of the offense: s. 787.01, s. 787.02, or s. 787.025(2)(c), where the victim is a minor; s. 787.06(3)(g); s. 794.011, excluding s. 794.011(10); s. 794.05; former s. 796.03; former s. 796.035; s. 800.04; s. 825.1025; s. 827.071; s. 847.0133; s. 847.0135, excluding s. 847.0135(6); s. 847.0137; s. 847.0138; s. 847.0145; s. 985.701(1); or any similar offense committed in this state which has been redesignated from a former statute number to one of those listed in this subsection, if the person has not received a pardon for any felony or similar law of another jurisdiction necessary for the operation of this subsection and a conviction of a felony or similar law of another jurisdiction necessary for the operation of this subsection has not been set aside in any postconviction proceeding.
(2) This section does not apply to a person who has been removed from the requirement to register as a sexual offender or sexual predator pursuant to s. 943.04354.
(3) A person described in subsection (1) commits loitering and prowling by a person convicted of a sexual offense against a minor if, in committing loitering and prowling, he or she was within 300 feet of a place where children were congregating.
(4)(a) It is unlawful for a person described in subsection (1) to knowingly approach, contact, or communicate with a child under 18 years of age in any public park building or on real property comprising any public park or playground with the intent to engage in conduct of a sexual nature or to make a communication of any type with any content of a sexual nature. This paragraph applies only to a person described in subsection (1) whose offense was committed on or after May 26, 2010.
(b) It is unlawful for a person described in subsection (1) to knowingly be present in any child care facility or school containing any students in prekindergarten through grade 12 or on real property comprising any child care facility or school containing any students in prekindergarten through grade 12 when the child care facility or school is in operation, if such person fails to:
1. Provide written notification of his or her intent to be present to the school board, superintendent, principal, or child care facility owner;
2. Notify the child care facility owner or the school principal’s office when he or she arrives and departs the child care facility or school; or
3. Remain under direct supervision of a school official or designated chaperone when present in the vicinity of children. As used in this paragraph, the term “school official” means a principal, a school resource officer, a teacher or any other employee of the school, the superintendent of schools, a member of the school board, a child care facility owner, or a child care provider.
(c) A person is not in violation of paragraph (b) if:
1. The child care facility or school is a voting location and the person is present for the purpose of voting during the hours designated for voting; or
2. The person is only dropping off or picking up his or her own children or grandchildren at the child care facility or school.
(5) Any person who violates this section commits a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.
History.ss. 1, 18, ch. 2010-92; s. 22, ch. 2014-160; s. 2, ch. 2016-104.
856.031 Arrest without warrant.Any sheriff, police officer, or other law enforcement officer may arrest any suspected loiterer or prowler without a warrant in case delay in procuring one would probably enable such suspected loiterer or prowler to escape arrest.
History.s. 2, ch. 72-133; s. 34, ch. 73-334; s. 1385, ch. 97-102.
856.04 Desertion; withholding support; proviso.
(1) Any man who shall in this state desert his wife and children, or either of them, or his wife where there are no children or child, or who shall willfully withhold from them or either of them, the means of support, or any mother, who shall desert her child or children, or who shall willfully withhold from them the means of support, shall be guilty of a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084. However, no husband shall be prosecuted under this section for the desertion of his wife, or for withholding from his wife the means of supporting her where there is existing, at the time of such desertion or withholding, such cause or causes as are recognized as ground or grounds for dissolution of marriage, by statute, in this state, if such person shall have provided for the support of his children, if there be any.
(2) For the purposes of subsection (1), a child born out of wedlock shall be deemed to be the child of a man who has been adjudged or decreed to be the father of such child by a court of competent jurisdiction of this state or of any other jurisdiction.
History.s. 1, ch. 4553, 1897; GS 3569; s. 1, ch. 6483, 1913; RGS 5496; CGL 7654; s. 1, ch. 59-147; s. 1, ch. 61-335; s. 1, ch. 65-210; s. 1077, ch. 71-136; s. 9, ch. 75-166.

F.S. 856 on Google Scholar

F.S. 856 on Casetext

Amendments to 856


Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 856
Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

S721.856 13 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - TRUSTEE FAIL FOLLOW MORT LIEN FORECLOSE PROC - F: T
S856.011 - DISORDERLY INTOX - DISORDER INTOX PUBLIC PLACE CAUSE DISTURBANCE - M: S
S856.015 2 - CONTRIB DELINQ MINOR - ALLOW MINOR ALCOHOL DRUG OPEN HOUSE PARTY - M: S
S856.015 2 - CONTRIB DELINQ MINOR - ALLOW MINOR ALCH DRUG HOUSE PARTY SUBSQ OFF - M: F
S856.015 2 - CONTRIB DELINQ MINOR - OPEN HOUSE PARTY VIOL SERIOUS INJURY DEATH - M: F
S856.021 - LOITERING - OR PROWLING - M: S
S856.022 3 - SEX OFFENDER VIOLATION - SEX OFFENDER LOITER WI 300 FT OF CHILDREN - M: F
S856.022 4a - SEX OFFENDER VIOLATION - SEX OFFENDER PUBLIC SEX CONTACT CHILD UNDER 18 - M: F
S856.022 4b - SEX OFFENDER VIOLATION - SEX OFF AT CHILD CARE FACIL SCHOOL WO NOTICE - M: F
S856.04 - WITHHOLD SUPPORT - DESERTION OF WIFE AND OR CHILDREN - F: T



Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

LITTLE SISTERS OF THE POOR SAINTS PETER AND PAUL HOME, v. PENNSYLVANIA, J. v., 140 S. Ct. 2367 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Burwell , 573 U.S. 958, 959, 134 S.Ct. 2806, 189 L.Ed.2d 856 (2014) ("Nothing in this interim order affects . . . Burwell , 573 U.S. 958, 134 S.Ct. 2806, 189 L.Ed.2d 856 (2014), by allowing employers who invoked the . . .

ROGERS, v. GREWAL,, 140 S. Ct. 1865 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Id. , at 856, 130 S.Ct. 3020. . . .

FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR PUERTO RICO, v. AURELIUS INVESTMENT, LLC, LLC, III v. LLC, v. LLC, n De De La El Y v., 140 S. Ct. 1649 (U.S. 2020)

. . . ) the significant authority is exercised 'pursuant to the laws of the United States.' " 915 F.3d at 856 . . . See id. , at 856-857. . . .

RAMOS, v. LOUISIANA, 140 S. Ct. 1390 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Casey , 505 U.S. 833, 855-856, 112 S.Ct. 2791, 120 L.Ed.2d 674 (1992). . . .

LOS ANGELES COUNTY, CALIFORNIA, v. RAY,, 140 S. Ct. 1124 (U.S. 2020)

. . . No. 19-856 Supreme Court of the United States. . . .

RUDLEY, M. D. B. v. LITTLE ROCK POLICE DEPARTMENT In In, 935 F.3d 651 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1765, 1765-66, 191 L.Ed.2d 856 (2015) ). . . .

D. WALDRON, TRUSTEE FOR VENTURE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. v. FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION,, 935 F.3d 844 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . App'x 853, 856 (11th Cir. 2013) (per curiam) (same); Helm v. Resolution Tr. . . .

TIMS, v. LGE COMMUNITY CREDIT UNION,, 935 F.3d 1228 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Supp. 3d 848, 854-56, 856 n.4 (W.D. . . .

U. S. SECURITIES EXCHANGE COMMISSION, v. HUI FENG Of PC,, 935 F.3d 721 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Dain Rauscher, Inc. , 254 F.3d 852, 856 (9th Cir. 2001). . . .

ARTHREX, INC. v. SMITH NEPHEW, INC., 935 F.3d 1319 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . KG , 856 F.3d 1019, 1029 (Fed. . . .

NICHOLSON J. H. a J. N. G. a v. CITY OF LOS ANGELES a a, 935 F.3d 685 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1765, 1775-76, 191 L.Ed.2d 856 (2015) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. A. ADAMS,, 934 F.3d 720 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Nieves-Borrero , 856 F.3d 5, 9 (1st Cir. 2017) ; United States v. Solomon , 592 F. . . .

SECRETARY UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR v. BRISTOL EXCAVATING, INC., 935 F.3d 122 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Att'y Gen. , 856 F.3d 249, 255 (3d Cir. 2017). . . .

COLE v. CARSON, v., 935 F.3d 444 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1765, 191 L.Ed.2d 856 (2015) ; Carroll v. Carman , 574 U.S. 13, 135 S. . . . Ct. 1765, 191 L.Ed.2d 856 (2015) (reversing the Ninth Circuit); Carroll v. . . . Ct. 1765, 1778, 191 L.Ed.2d 856 (2015), which "must be judged from the perspective of a reasonable officer . . .

BURKE, v. REGALADO, v., 935 F.3d 960 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Leeds , 856 F. Supp. 2d 580 (W.D.N.Y. 2012), which discusses Rules 801(d)(2)(D) and 803(6). . . .

BOWLES, v. DESANTIS,, 934 F.3d 1230 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Dep't of Corr., 856 F.3d 1312, 1320 (11th Cir. 2017) ; see Arthur v. . . .

EAST BAY SANCTUARY COVENANT Al v. P. BARR, K. U. S. T. U. S. P. U. S. U. S., 934 F.3d 1026 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . VidAngel, Inc. , 869 F.3d 848, 856 (9th Cir. 2017) )). . . .

PASSARO, Jr. v. VIRGINIA, 935 F.3d 243 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Tazewell Nat'l Bank , 256 Va. 250, 504 S.E.2d 854, 856 (1998) (discussing waiver doctrine). . . .

MARTINEZ, v. WALGREEN COMPANY,, 935 F.3d 396 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Rupe , 443 S.W.3d 856, 891 (Tex. 2014) (declining to create a new cause of action, in part because the . . .

STATES v. RYAN,, 935 F.3d 40 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Henry, 819 F.3d 856, 869 (6th Cir. 2016) ; see also United States v. Reyes, 668 F. . . .

A. CARVELLI, v. OCWEN FINANCIAL CORPORATION, M. R. Jr., 934 F.3d 1307 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Co. , 248 F. 853, 856 (2d Cir. 1918). . . .

JIE FANG Li v. DIRECTOR UNITED STATES IMMIGRATION CUSTOMS ENFORCEMENT, 935 F.3d 172 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Office of Attorney Ethics , 856 F.2d 529, 535 (3d Cir. 1988). Peachlum v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. G. WAGUESPACK,, 935 F.3d 322 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bree , 927 F.3d 856, 859 (5th Cir. 2019) (quoting Puckett v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. HERNANDEZ- MARTINEZ, v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v., 933 F.3d 1126 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Padilla-Diaz , 862 F.3d 856 (9th Cir. 2017). . . .

IN RE M. STERLING,, 933 F.3d 828 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . . ; see also In re Chlad , 922 F.3d 856, 861 (7th Cir. 2019). . . .

KOH, v. USTICH,, 933 F.3d 836 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Supp. 3d at 856. Taking the facts in the light most favorable to Mr. . . . Id. at 856 n.37 (quoting Interview Tr. at 136-37). The extent of Mr. . . .

HIGGS, v. UNITED STATES PARK POLICE,, 933 F.3d 897 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . EPA , 856 F.2d 884, 886 (7th Cir. 1988), abrogated on other grounds by Milner v. . . .

LANDMARK AMERICAN INSURANCE COMPANY, v. DEERFIELD CONSTRUCTION, INC. v. J., 933 F.3d 806 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Livorsi Marine, Inc. , 222 Ill. 2d 303, 312, 305 Ill.Dec. 533, 856 N.E.2d 338 (2006). . . . Livorsi Marine , 222 Ill. 2d at 317, 305 Ill.Dec. 533, 856 N.E.2d 338 ; see also Yorkville , 238 Ill. . . .

HILLOCKS, v. ATTORNEY GENERAL UNITED STATES, 934 F.3d 332 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Johnstone , 856 F.2d 539, 542 (3d. Cir. 1988). Id. Moss , 852 A.2d at 382. United States v. . . .

VALBRUNA SLATER STEEL CORPORATION, v. JOSLYN MANUFACTURING COMPANY,, 934 F.3d 553 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . State , 856 N.E.2d 1189, 1194 (Ind. 2006). . . .

C. CHILDRESS, ALDA St. HLAA- StL A v. FOX ASSOCIATES, LLC, C. CHILDRESS, ALDA St. HLAA- StL A v. LLC,, 932 F.3d 1165 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Valmont Indus., Inc., 856 F.2d 1054, 1061 (8th Cir. 1988). . . . However, reconstructed time entries do not necessarily require a fee reduction, see MacDissi, 856 F.2d . . .

LUXOTTICA GROUP, S. P. A. a v. AIRPORT MINI MALL, LLC, a d. b. a. LLC, a a. k. a. C. C., 932 F.3d 1303 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Inwood , 456 U.S. at 852, 856-58, 102 S.Ct. 2182. . . .

KELLY, v. HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL, INC., 933 F.3d 173 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . -Ravenswood, LLC , 856 F.3d 348, 352-53 (4th Cir. 2017) (declining to find lifetime language where contract . . .

KODIAK OIL GAS USA INC. HRC LLC v. BURR S. EOG S., 932 F.3d 1125 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . administration of justice in the federal court.' " Id. at 1300 (quoting Nat'l Farmers , 471 U.S. at 856 . . . issues of fact would not serve the "orderly administration of justice," Nat'l Farmers , 471 U.S. at 856 . . .

VIRNETX INC. v. APPLE INC., 931 F.3d 1363 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Cisco's Reexam No. 95/001,856 ("856 case" or "Cisco reexam") challenged claims 1-60 of the '211 patent . . . Ct. 1765, 1774, 191 L.Ed.2d 856 (2015) ("Because certiorari jurisdiction exists to clarify the law, its . . . In support of this position, Apple cites only to In re Affinity Labs of Texas, LLC , 856 F.3d 883, 894 . . .

K. W. P. By v. KANSAS CITY PUBLIC SCHOOLS In In, 931 F.3d 813 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1765, 1774, 191 L.Ed.2d 856 (2015) ). . . .

ORDUNO, v. PIETRZAK, v., 932 F.3d 710 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Exxon Mobil Corp. , 856 F.3d 1150, 1156-57 (8th Cir. 2017) ; Ebert v. Gen. . . .

PAEZ, v. SECRETARY, FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS,, 931 F.3d 1304 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Scott, 512 U.S. 849, 856, 114 S. Ct. 2568, 2572, 129 L.Ed.2d 666 (1994). . . .

UNITED STATES v. PINEDA- DUARTE,, 933 F.3d 519 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Henry , 819 F.3d 856, 870 (6th Cir. 2016) (internal citations omitted). . . .

UNITED STATES v. GALECKI, v., 932 F.3d 176 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ross , 703 F.3d 856, 877-78 (6th Cir. 2012) (reviewing compulsory process claim for abuse of discretion . . .

DOLS, v. SAUL,, 931 F.3d 741 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Berryhill , 855 F.3d 853, 856 (8th Cir. 2017) (internal quotation marks omitted). . . .

COBA v. FORD MOTOR COMPANY, 932 F.3d 114 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Pappas , 856 F.3d 61, 75-77 (2d Cir. 2017) ; Louisiana v. Am. Nat. Prop. Cas. . . .

SMITH, v. TRAVELERS CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA,, 932 F.3d 302 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Lucas , 807 F.2d at 418 (quoting Allied , 695 F.2d at 856 ). . . . was "prejudiced in [her] ability to respond," Lucas , 807 F.2d at 418 (quoting Allied , 695 F.2d at 856 . . . Lucas , 807 F.2d at 418 (quoting Allied , 695 F.2d at 856 ). . . .

DIXON, v. L. RYAN,, 932 F.3d 789 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Lewis , 834 F.2d 853, 856 (9th Cir. 1987). . . .

NGUYEN, a v. NISSAN NORTH AMERICA, INC. a, 932 F.3d 811 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Litig. , 722 F.3d 838, 856-57 (6th Cir. 2013) ("Because all Duet owners were injured at the point of . . .

Z. J. a BY AND THROUGH Je JONES, v. KANSAS CITY BOARD OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS,, 931 F.3d 672 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1765, 1774, 191 L.Ed.2d 856 (2015). . . .

BROWN, v. KANSAS CITY LIVE, LLC LLC LLC,, 931 F.3d 712 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Cnty. of Isanti , 638 F.3d 853, 856 (8th Cir. 2011) ). . . . Louis Police Dept. , 691 F.2d 393, 395-96 (8th Cir. 1982) ; see also Laase, 638 F.3d at 856 ("[T]he law . . .

WEST, v. CITY OF CALDWELL, 931 F.3d 978 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1765, 1776, 191 L.Ed.2d 856 (2015) ). . . .

HAHN, v. MOSELEY,, 931 F.3d 295 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . . § 856 (a)(1), (b). See 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1)(A). Id . . . .

DOE, v. TRUMP CORPORATION,, 385 F. Supp. 3d 265 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Wide World of Cars, LLC , 856 F.3d 216, 223 (2d Cir. 2017) (citing Colavito , 438 F.3d at 221 ). . . . Pyskaty , 856 F.3d at 223. . . .

UNITED STATES v. MCKOWN,, 930 F.3d 721 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Dalasta , 856 F.3d 549, 554 (8th Cir. 2017) ; accord 18 U.S.C. §§ 4241(b), 4247(b). . . . Shawar , 865 F.2d 856, 861 (7th Cir. 1989) (noting that the "likelihood of recovery is not something . . . July 2, 2019) ; Dalasta , 856 F.3d at 553-54 ; Anderson , 679 F. App'x at 713 ; United States v. . . . See, e.g. , Dalasta , 856 F.3d at 554 ; Anderson , 679 F. . . .

PRESQUE ISLE COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY, v. HIGHMARK HEALTH, f k a f k a, 391 F. Supp. 3d 485 (W.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Femminella , 856 A.2d 78, 84 (Pa. Super. Ct. 2004) ). . . .

IN RE HANNA, DMM s, v., 603 B.R. 571 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 2019)

. . . Bates (In re Selenberg), 856 F.3d 393, 399 (5th Cir. 2017) ; Mora v. . . . In re Selenberg, 856 F.3d at 399 (emphasis in original). . . . See In re Selenberg, 856 F.3d at 399. . . . See In re Selenberg, 856 F.3d at 399. There is no merger clause in the Note or the Guaranty. . . . See In re Selenberg, 856 F.3d at 399. . . .

GUERRERO, N. v. BNSF RAILWAY COMPANY,, 929 F.3d 926 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Brown, 856 F.3d 508, 529 (7th Cir. 2017), and so this argument is properly before us. . . .

GRAVES, I. Y. M. Y. A. Y. v. A. LIOI L. Jr. I. Y. M. Y. A. Y. v. A. L. Jr., 930 F.3d 307 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Boston Scientific Corp. , 856 F.3d 320, 325 (4th Cir. 2017) ; United States ex rel. Oberg v. Pa. . . . See Carlson , 856 F.3d at 325 (explaining that a court may depart from the law of the case when "a subsequent . . .

BOTTINELLI v. SALAZAR, 929 F.3d 1196 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Padilla-Diaz , 862 F.3d 856, 862 (9th Cir. 2017) ("[A] classification is valid 'if there is any reasonably . . .

UNITED STATES EX REL. MEI LING, v. CITY OF LOS ANGELES,, 389 F. Supp. 3d 744 (C.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . . § 856(g)-(h); 28 C.F.R § 35.171(a) ). . . .

RIOS, v. JENKINS,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 714 (W.D. Va. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1765, 1776, 191 L.Ed.2d 856 (2015) (emphasizing that "[q]ualified immunity is no immunity at all . . .

INC. v. INTERNATIONAL GAME TECHNOLOGY, IGT, DOUBLEDOWN INTERACTIVE LLC,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 828 (N.D. Ill. 2019)

. . . Freeborn & Peters, LLP , 773 F.3d 853, 856 (7th Cir. 2014) (holding that a party "waived [an] argument . . .

D. BLAIR, v. BOWERSOX, SCCC I SCCC I SCCC I SCCC I,, 929 F.3d 981 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Does , 789 F.3d 856, 861-62 (8th Cir. 2015). . . .

PENNSYLVANIA v. PRESIDENT UNITED STATES D. C., 930 F.3d 543 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Burwell, 573 U.S. 958, 134 S.Ct. 2806, 189 L.Ed.2d 856 (2014), the Court concluded that Wheaton College . . .

UNITED STATES v. PHILLIPS,, 929 F.3d 1120 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Liew , 856 F.3d 585, 596 (9th Cir. 2017). . . .

BRUMBACH, v. UNITED STATES v., 929 F.3d 791 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Stitt I , 860 F. 3d at 856, 860-61. . . .

GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES INSURANCE COMPANY, v. S. NADKARNI,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 917 (N.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . App. 4th 856, 865, 90 Cal.Rptr.2d 721 (1999) ; Street Surfing, LLC v. Great Am. E & S Ins. . . .

SHULMAN v. CHAITMAN LLP LLP,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 340 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Pappas , 856 F.3d 61, 80 (2d Cir. 2017) ("CAFA is an independent anchor of jurisdiction ... that requires . . .

CISCO SYSTEMS, INC. v. TQ DELTA, LLC, ARRIS INC. v. TQ LLC,, 928 F.3d 1359 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . AK Steel Corp ., 856 F.3d 1365, 1370 (Fed. . . .

CIVIL BEAT LAW CENTER FOR THE PUBLIC INTEREST, INC. v. CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL PREVENTION,, 929 F.3d 1079 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Dep't of Def. , 856 F.3d 626, 637 (9th Cir. 2017) (alterations in original) (quoting Yonemoto v. . . . Cameranesi , 856 F.3d at 638. . . . must merely establish that disclosure would result in a 'potential for harassment.' " Cameranesi , 856 . . .

UNITED STATES v. LOPEZ,, 929 F.3d 783 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Hart , 635 F.3d 850, 856 (6th Cir. 2011). . . .

UNITED STATES v. PAYANO,, 930 F.3d 186 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Baird , 109 F.3d 856, 863 (3d Cir. 1997), which, but for the Government's decision to dismiss it after . . .

H. WILSON, v. SAFELITE GROUP, INC., 930 F.3d 429 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Corp. , 856 F. Supp. 339, 345 (E.D. Mich. 1994) ; Copley v. . . .

Q. GALE, Q. LLC, FKA LLC, LLC, v. CHICAGO TITLE INSURANCE COMPANY, a, 929 F.3d 74 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Pappas , 856 F.3d 61, 76-77 (2d Cir.), cert. denied , --- U.S. ----, 138 S. . . .

DONELSON, v. HARDY, 931 F.3d 565 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Lindgren , 856 F.3d 498, 502 (7th Cir. 2017). . . .

UNITED STATES v. FIGUEROA- FIGUEROA,, 388 F. Supp. 3d 70 (D. P.R. 2019)

. . . Aguirre, 839 F.2d 854, 856 (1st Cir. 1988) ("Before embarking upon the merits of a suppression challenge . . . Aguirre, 839 F.2d 854, 856 (1st Cir. 1988) ; and see United States v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. IN U. S. CURRENCY, By W,, 929 F.3d 1293 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 856-57 (emphasis omitted). . . . McCants , 781 F.2d at 856-57. . . .

COBA v. FORD MOTOR COMPANY, 930 F.3d 174 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Pappas , 856 F.3d 61, 75-77 (2d Cir. 2017) ; Louisiana v. Am. Nat. Prop. Cas. . . .

A. TOLIN, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE,, 929 F.3d 548 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Alamo , taxpayers' attorneys submitted a total 274 hours spent on preparing an appeal. 983 F.2d 856, . . .

PARTRIDGE, v. CITY OF BENTON, ARKANSAS, 929 F.3d 562 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Tharp , 856 F.3d 1177, 1183 (8th Cir. 2017) (collecting cases concluding, on summary judgment, officers . . .

DIAZ- RAMIREZ, M. D. v. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,, 275 So. 3d 799 (Fla. App. Ct. 2019)

. . . Martin County, 73 So. 3d 856, 861-64 (Fla. 1st DCA 2011) (holding that appellants' basis for standing . . .

IN RE CUBIC ENERGY, INC. A. III v., 603 B.R. 743 (Bankr. Del. 2019)

. . . Cubic Energy , 587 B.R. at 856. Cubic Energy , 587 B.R. at 856-57. . . .

UNITED STATES v. DINKINS,, 928 F.3d 349 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Riley , 856 F.3d 326, 328 (4th Cir. 2017) (explaining that we may affirm the district court's judgment . . .

UNITED STATES v. MORGAN,, 929 F.3d 411 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 856 (emphasis in original). . . . Id. at 856-57. . . .

ESTATE OF MENDEZ, Sr. Jr. v. CITY OF CERES,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 1189 (E.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . County of Los Angeles , 856 F.2d 102, 107 (9th Cir. 1988), but five incidents of suppression of political . . .

BERNARD M. D. v. INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS OF INDIANA MEDICAL LICENSING BOARD, 392 F. Supp. 3d 935 (S.D. Ind. 2019)

. . . Supp. 3d at 856 ; Paxton , 280 F. Supp. 3d at 948 ; Hopkins , 267 F.Supp.3d at 1068. . . .

D. FIELDS, v. BOARD OF EDUCATION OF CITY OF CHICAGO P., 928 F.3d 622 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . McDonald , 829 F.3d 844, 856 (7th Cir. 2016). . . .

UNITED STATES v. RAMIREZ- MALDONADO, 928 F.3d 702 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Cartagena , 856 F.3d 1193, 1196 (8th Cir. 2017). . . .

UNITED STATES, v. HAYMOND, 139 S. Ct. 2369 (U.S. 2019)

. . . California , 549 U.S. 270, 127 S.Ct. 856, 166 L.Ed.2d 856 (2007) (same); United States v. . . . California , 549 U.S. 270, 281, 127 S.Ct. 856, 166 L.Ed.2d 856 (2007) )). . . . Id. , at 167-168, 129 S.Ct. 711 (quoting Cunningham , 549 U.S. at 281, 127 S.Ct. 856 ). 2 The plurality's . . . Wheeler , 814 F.3d 856 (C.A.7 2016) ; United States v. Cordova , 461 F.3d 1184 (C.A.10 2006). . . .

EDWARDS, v. STATE, 274 So. 3d 1222 (Fla. App. Ct. 2019)

. . . Id. at 856. Similarly, in Kane v. State, 458 S.W.3d 180 (Tex. . . .

KLEYA, v. KARL STORZ ENDOVISION, INC., 385 F. Supp. 3d 99 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Hutchins & Wheeler , 424 Mass. 813, 678 N.E.2d 853, 856 n.5 (1997) ("[O]ur statutes in the area of employee . . .

IN RE TELEXFREE SECURITIES LITIGATION, 389 F. Supp. 3d 101 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Nat'l Ass'n of Gov't Employees, Inc. , 447 Mass. 616, 623-24, 856 N.E.2d 167 (2006). . . .

STATE FARM FIRE AND CASUALTY COMPANY, v. PIKE,, 389 F. Supp. 3d 94 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Co. , 447 Mass. 663, 671, 856 N.E.2d 829 (2006), and must be "determined by the facts, which are usually . . .

MONTEL, v. CITY OF SPRINGFIELD,, 386 F. Supp. 3d 67 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1765, 1777, 191 L.Ed.2d 856 (2015) (rejecting theory that qualified immunity was inappropriate because . . .

TRAVELERS INDEMNITY COMPANY v. FIGG BRIDGE ENGINEERS, INC., 389 F. Supp. 3d 1060 (S.D. Fla. 2019)

. . . Co. , 856 F.3d 1343, 1350 (11th Cir. 2017) ("Decisions of the Florida Supreme Court, the Florida Courts . . .

THE DUTRA GROUP, v. BATTERTON, 139 S. Ct. 2275 (U.S. 2019)

. . . Id. , at 856. . . .

J. HIGHT, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 1178 (S.D. Fla. 2019)

. . . ITT Thompson Indus., Inc. , 856 F.2d 1518, 1520 (11th Cir. 1988) (citation omitted); Osgood v. . . .

NUCOR CORPORATION, USA LLC, AK v. UNITED STATES, Co., 927 F.3d 1243 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 856 F.3d 908, 912-13 (Fed. Cir. 2017) ; Corus Staal BV v. . . . See, e.g. , Boomerang Tube , 856 F.3d at 912-13. . . .

UNITED STATES v. RAZZ,, 387 F. Supp. 3d 1397 (S.D. Fla. 2019)

. . . . § 856 and 18 U.S.C. § 2 (Count One); possessing with intent to distribute at least 50 grams of crack . . .

PIERRELOUIS, v. PIERRELOUIS,, 272 So. 3d 1291 (Fla. App. Ct. 2019)

. . . Grasso, 113 So. 3d 855, 856 (Fla. 2d DCA 2012) ("To the extent that the order on appeal addresses the . . .

HICKLE, v. AMERICAN MULTI- CINEMA, INC., 927 F.3d 945 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Express Corp. , 856 F.3d 440, 446 (6th Cir. 2017). . . . Savage , 856 F.3d at 447. . . .

M. MORALES, v. STATE, 274 So. 3d 1213 (Fla. App. Ct. 2019)

. . . Aguirre , 839 F.2d 854, 856 (1st Cir. 1988) )). . . . Stokes , 829 F.3d at 53 (quoting Aguirre , 839 F.2d at 856-57 ). Id. at 10. . . .

W. EVES, v. R. LEPAGE,, 927 F.3d 575 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1765, 1775-76, 191 L.Ed.2d 856 (2015) (quoting al-Kidd, 563 U.S. at 742, 131 S.Ct. 2074 ). . . .