The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XXX
SOCIAL WELFARE

Chapter 422
HOUSING COOPERATION LAW

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CHAPTER 422

HOUSING COOPERATION LAW

422.001 State role in housing and urban development.

422.01 Short title.

422.02 Finding and declaration of necessity.

422.03 Definitions.

422.04 Cooperation in undertaking housing projects.

422.05 Contracts for payments for services.

422.06 Advances to housing authority.

422.07 Procedure for exercising powers.

422.08 Supplemental nature of chapter.

422.001 State role in housing and urban development.—The role of state government required by part I of chapter 421 (Housing Authorities Law), chapter 422 (Housing Cooperation Law), and chapter 423 (Tax Exemption of Housing Authorities) is the responsibility of the Department of Economic Opportunity; and the department is the agency of state government responsible for the state’s role in housing and urban development.

History.—s. 18, ch. 69-106; s. 51, ch. 81-167; s. 54, ch. 83-55; s. 8, ch. 2000-342; s. 340, ch. 2011-142.

422.01 Short title.—This chapter may be referred to as the “Housing Cooperation Law.”

History.—s. 1, ch. 17982, 1937; CGL 1940 Supp. 7100(3-oo).

422.02 Finding and declaration of necessity.—It has been found and declared in the Housing Authorities Law that there exist in the state unsafe and insanitary housing conditions and a shortage of safe and sanitary dwelling accommodations for persons of low income; that these conditions necessitate excessive and disproportionate expenditures of public funds for crime prevention and punishment, public health, welfare and safety, fire and accident protection, and other public services and facilities; and that the public interest requires the remedying of these conditions. It is found and declared that the assistance herein provided for the remedying of the conditions set forth in the Housing Authorities Law constitutes a public use and purpose and an essential governmental function for which public moneys may be spent and other aid given; that it is a proper public purpose for any state public body to aid any housing authority operating within its boundaries or jurisdiction or any housing project located therein, as the state public body derives immediate benefits and advantages from such an authority or project; and that the provisions hereinafter enacted are necessary in the public interest.

History.—s. 2, ch. 17982, 1937; CGL 1940 Supp. 7100(3-pp).

422.03 Definitions.—The following terms, whenever used or referred to in this chapter shall have the following respective meanings, unless a different meaning clearly appears from the context:

(1) “Housing authority” shall mean any housing authority created pursuant to the Housing Authorities Law of this state.

(2) “Housing project” shall mean any work or undertaking of a housing authority pursuant to the Housing Authorities Law or any similar work or undertaking of the Federal Government.

(3) “State public body” shall mean any city, town, county, municipal corporation, commission, district, authority, other subdivision or public body of the state.

(4) “Governing body” shall mean the council, commission, board of supervisors or trustees, or other board or body having charge of the fiscal affairs of the state public body.

(5) “Federal Government” shall mean the United States, the Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works, or any other agency or instrumentality, corporate or otherwise, of the United States.

History.—s. 3, ch. 17982, 1937; CGL 1940 Supp. 7100(3-qq).

422.04 Cooperation in undertaking housing projects.—

(1) For the purpose of aiding and cooperating in the planning, undertaking, construction or operation of housing projects located within the area in which it is authorized to act, any state public body may upon such terms, with or without consideration, as it may determine:

(a) Dedicate, sell, convey or lease any of its property to a housing authority or the Federal Government;

(b) Cause parks, playgrounds, recreational, community, educational, water, sewer or drainage facilities or any other works, which it is otherwise empowered to undertake, to be furnished adjacent to or in connection with housing projects;

(c) Furnish, dedicate, close, pave, install, grade, regrade, plan or replan streets, roads, roadways, alleys, sidewalks or other places which it is otherwise empowered to undertake;

(d) Plan or replan, zone or rezone any part of such state public body; make exceptions from building regulations and ordinances; any city or town also may change its map;

(e) Enter into agreements, which may extend over any period, notwithstanding any provision or rule of law to the contrary, with a housing authority or the Federal Government respecting action to be taken by such state public body pursuant to any of the powers granted by this chapter;

(f) Do any and all things, necessary or convenient to aid and cooperate in the planning, undertaking, construction or operation of such housing projects;

(g) Purchase or legally invest in any of the debentures of a housing authority and exercise all of the rights of any holder of such debentures;

(h) With respect to any housing project which a housing authority has acquired or taken over from the Federal Government and which the housing authority by resolution has found and declared to have been constructed in a manner that will promote the public interest and afford necessary safety, sanitation and other protection, no state public body shall require any changes to be made in the housing project or the manner of its construction or take any other action relating to such construction;

(i) In connection with any public improvements made by a state public body in exercising the powers herein granted, such state public body may incur the entire expense thereof.

(2) Any law or statute to the contrary notwithstanding, any sale, conveyance, lease or agreement provided for in this section may be made by a state public body without appraisal, public notice, advertisement or public bidding.

History.—s. 4, ch. 17982, 1937; CGL 1940 Supp. 7100(3-rr).

422.05 Contracts for payments for services.—In connection with any housing project located wholly or partly within the area in which it is authorized to act, any state public body may contract with a housing authority or the Federal Government with respect to the sum or sums, if any, which the housing authority or the Federal Government may agree to pay, during any year or period of years, to the state public body for the improvements, services and facilities to be furnished by it for the benefit of said housing project, but in no event shall the amount of such payments exceed the estimated cost to the state public body of the improvements, services or facilities to be so furnished; provided, however, that the absence of a contract for such payments shall in no way relieve any state public body from the duty to furnish, for the benefit of said housing project, customary improvements and such services and facilities as such state public body usually furnishes without a service fee.

History.—s. 5, ch. 17982, 1937; CGL 1940 Supp. 7100(3-ss).

422.06 Advances to housing authority.—When any housing authority which is created for any city becomes authorized to transact business and exercise its powers therein, the governing body of the city shall immediately make an estimate of the amount of money necessary for the administrative expenses and overhead of such housing authority during the first year thereafter, and shall appropriate such amount to the authority out of any moneys in such city treasury not appropriated to some other purposes. The moneys so appropriated shall be paid to the authority as a donation. Any city, town or county located in whole or in part within the area of operation of a housing authority shall have the power from time to time to lend or donate money to the authority or to agree to take such action. The housing authority, when it has money available therefor, shall make reimbursements for all such loans made to it.

History.—s. 6, ch. 17982, 1937; CGL 1940 Supp. 7100(3-tt).

422.07 Procedure for exercising powers.—The exercise by a state public body of the powers herein granted may be authorized by resolution of the governing body of such state public body adopted by a majority of the members of its governing body present at a meeting of said governing body, which resolution may be adopted at the meeting at which such resolution is introduced. Such a resolution or resolutions shall take effect immediately and need not be laid over or published or posted.

History.—s. 7, ch. 17982, 1937; CGL 1940 Supp. 7100 (3-uu).

422.08 Supplemental nature of chapter.—The powers conferred by this chapter shall be in addition and supplemental to the powers conferred by any other law.

History.—s. 8, ch. 17982, 1937; CGL 1940 Supp. 7100(3-vv).

F.S. 422 on Google Scholar

F.S. 422 on Casetext

Amendments to 422

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 422

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

Current data shows no reason an arrest or criminal charge should have occurred directly under Florida Statute 422.

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

LITTLE, v. RECLAIM IDAHO,, 140 S. Ct. 2616 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Legalization Assistance Project of Los Angeles County Federation of Labor , 510 U.S. 1301, 1304, 114 S.Ct. 422 . . .

J. TRUMP, v. R. VANCE, Jr., 140 S. Ct. 2412 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Id. , at 422. . . .

MCGIRT, v. OKLAHOMA, 140 S. Ct. 2452 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Miller , 235 U.S. 422, 423, 35 S.Ct. 119, 59 L.Ed. 295 (1914) (lands "within what until recently was . . . Miller , 235 U.S. 422, 423-425, 35 S.Ct. 119, 59 L.Ed. 295 (1914). . . .

LITTLE SISTERS OF THE POOR SAINTS PETER AND PAUL HOME, v. PENNSYLVANIA, J. v., 140 S. Ct. 2367 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Dept. of Health and Human Servs. , 778 F.3d 422 (CA3 2015) ; Priests for Life v. . . . Dept. of Health and Human Servs. , 778 F.3d 422, 437-438 (CA3 2015), vacated and remanded sub nom. . . .

B. CHIAFALO, v. WASHINGTON, 140 S. Ct. 2316 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Siegel , 571 U.S. 415, 422, 134 S.Ct. 1188, 188 L.Ed.2d 146 (2014) ). . . .

P. BARR, v. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF POLITICAL CONSULTANTS, INC., 140 S. Ct. 2335 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Jacksonville , 422 U.S. 205, 211-212, 95 S.Ct. 2268, 45 L.Ed.2d 125 (1975) ; Mosley , 408 U.S., at 95 . . . 377, 420, 112 S.Ct. 2538, 120 L.Ed.2d 305 (1992) (opinion concurring in judgment); see id., at 420-422 . . .

ESPINOZA, v. MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE,, 140 S. Ct. 2246 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Jacksonville , 422 U.S. 205, 210-211, 95 S.Ct. 2268, 45 L.Ed.2d 125 (1975) ; quotation altered). . . . No. 10 of Deer Lodge Cty. , 155 Mont. 422, 430, 472 P.2d 1013, 1017 (1970) (per curiam ). . . . No. 10 , 155 Mont. 422, 438, 472 P.2d 1013, 1021 (1970) ). . . .

JUNE MEDICAL SERVICES L. L. C. v. RUSSO, v. LLC., 140 S. Ct. 2103 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Seldin , 422 U.S. 490, 499, 95 S.Ct. 2197, 45 L.Ed.2d 343 (1975). . . . public significance" remain with "governmental institutions ... more competent to address" them, Warth , 422 . . . Seldin , 422 U.S. 490, 499, 95 S.Ct. 2197, 45 L.Ed.2d 343 (1975) ). . . . the violation of third parties' rights.' " Kowalski , 543 U.S. at 130, 125 S.Ct. 564 (quoting Warth , 422 . . . Seldin , 422 U.S. 490, 500, 95 S.Ct. 2197, 45 L.Ed.2d 343 (1975). . . . Seldin , 422 U.S. 490, 499, 95 S.Ct. 2197, 45 L.Ed.2d 343 (1975). . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. THURAISSIGIAM, 140 S. Ct. 1959 (U.S. 2020)

. . . United States Dept. of Homeland Security , 835 F.3d 422 (CA3 2016). We granted certiorari, 589 U. . . . Shauers , 574 U.S. 40, 50, 135 S.Ct. 521, 190 L.Ed.2d 422 (2014) (internal quotation marks and ellipsis . . .

L. BAXTER v. BRACEY,, 140 S. Ct. 1862 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Donaldson , 422 U.S. 563, 577, 95 S.Ct. 2486, 45 L.Ed.2d 396 (1975) ; see also Procunier v. . . . Rev. 396, 414-422 (1986); Engdahl, supra , at 14-21. . . .

J. THOLE, v. U. S. BANK N. A, 140 S. Ct. 1615 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Seldin , 422 U.S. 490, 500, 95 S.Ct. 2197, 45 L.Ed.2d 343 (1975) (the standing inquiry "turns on the . . .

FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR PUERTO RICO, v. AURELIUS INVESTMENT, LLC, LLC, III v. LLC, v. LLC, n De De La El Y v., 140 S. Ct. 1649 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Mayor); § 422(2), 87 Stat. 790 (describing D. C. . . .

WEXFORD HEALTH, v. GARRETT, 140 S. Ct. 1611 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Mayer , 332 F.3d 422, 428 (2003). . . .

UNITED STATES, v. SINENENG- SMITH, 140 S. Ct. 1575 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Jacksonville , 422 U.S. 205, 95 S.Ct. 2268, 45 L.Ed.2d 125 (1975), to charitable solicitations, Schaumburg . . . Seldin , 422 U.S. 490, 500, 95 S.Ct. 2197, 45 L.Ed.2d 343 (1975) ; and even is "grounded in Art[icle] . . .

NEW YORK STATE RIFLE PISTOL ASSOCIATION, INC. v. CITY OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK,, 140 S. Ct. 1525 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Moody , 422 U.S. 405, 424, 95 S.Ct. 2362, 45 L.Ed.2d 280 (1975) ; United States v. . . .

KANSAS, v. GLOVER, 140 S. Ct. 1183 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Brignoni-Ponce , 422 U.S. 873, 881, 95 S.Ct. 2574, 45 L.Ed.2d 607 (1975). . . . Brignoni-Ponce , 422 U.S. at 880, 884, 95 S.Ct. 2574. . . . Brignoni-Ponce , 422 U.S. at 886-887, 95 S.Ct. 2574. . . . alongside car and noticed that the driver matched a description from an informant); Brignoni-Ponce , 422 . . . wheel amounted to "only a hunch" that Glover was engaging in criminal activity. 308 Kan. 590, 591, 422 . . . Id., at 595-597, 422 P.3d at 68-70. We granted Kansas' petition for a writ of certiorari, 587 U. . . . Brignoni-Ponce , 422 U.S. 873, 882, 95 S.Ct. 2574, 45 L.Ed.2d 607 (1975). . . . Brignoni-Ponce , 422 U.S. 873, 876, 95 S.Ct. 2574, 45 L.Ed.2d 607 (1975) (holding that it violated the . . .

E. RODRIGUEZ, v. FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION,, 140 S. Ct. 713 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Ash , 422 U.S. 66, 84, 95 S.Ct. 2080, 45 L.Ed.2d 26 (1975), and state law is well equipped to handle . . .

MONASKY, v. TAGLIERI, 140 S. Ct. 719 (U.S. 2020)

. . . See 907 F.3d at 419-420 ; id. , at 421-422 (opinion of Gibbons, J.); id. , at 423 (opinion of Stranch . . .

C. HERNANDEZ, v. MESA, Jr., 140 S. Ct. 735 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Schweiker , 487 U.S. at 421-422, 108 S.Ct. 2460 ; see also Stanley , 483 U.S. at 683, 107 S.Ct. 3054 . . .

C. ROTKISKE, v. KLEMM,, 140 S. Ct. 355 (U.S. 2019)

. . . Appeals fairly found that Rotkiske failed to preserve an equitable argument of this sort, see 890 F.3d 422 . . . argument because Rotkiske had failed to raise "equitable tolling" in his appellate briefs. 890 F.3d 422 . . . On appeal, the Third Circuit sua sponte reviewed the case en banc and unanimously affirmed. 890 F.3d 422 . . .

ANIMAL LEGAL DEFENSE FUND v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 935 F.3d 858 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Seldin , 422 U.S. 490, 500, 95 S.Ct. 2197, 45 L.Ed.2d 343 (1975). . . .

UNITED STATES v. LILLARD,, 935 F.3d 827 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 495 U.S. 411, 422, 110 S.Ct. 1979, 109 L.Ed.2d 408 (1990) (citation omitted). . . .

UNITED STATES v. MCADORY,, 935 F.3d 838 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Murillo , 422 F.3d 1152 (9th Cir. 2005), a felony was a crime punishable by a term of imprisonment exceeding . . . Murillo , 422 F.3d 1152 (9th Cir. 2005). . . .

BIRD, v. i DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SERVICES DHS, R., 935 F.3d 738 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Regier , 422 F.3d 1255, 1257 (11th Cir. 2005) (describing how plaintiff was unable to adopt another child . . .

IN RE JUAREZ, v., 603 B.R. 610 (B.A.P. 9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Siegel , 571 U.S. 415, 422 n.2, 134 S.Ct. 1188, 188 L.Ed.2d 146 (2014) (holding that exempt funds are . . .

BACA v. COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF STATE, G. T. L. M., 935 F.3d 887 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Seldin , 422 U.S. 490, 498, 95 S.Ct. 2197, 45 L.Ed.2d 343 (1975) ). . . .

BURKE, v. REGALADO, v., 935 F.3d 960 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Dep't of Labor , 422 F.3d 1155, 1174 (10th Cir. 2005) ("The failure to raise an issue in an opening brief . . . James , 422 F.3d 1075, 1081 (10th Cir. 2005) ("We will not sift through the record to find support for . . .

UNITED STATES v. BEGAY,, 934 F.3d 1033 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . 13-1204, Cabrera-Perez , 751 F.3d at 1007, and criminal threats under California Penal Code section 422 . . . Penal Code § 422 ). Arellano Hernandez v. Lynch , 831 F.3d 1127, 1132 (9th Cir. 2016) (Cal. . . . Penal Code §§ 422, 664 ). United States v. . . .

SINGLETON, v. ARKANSAS HOUSING AUTHORITIES PROPERTY CASUALTY SELF- INSURED FUND, INC. BRK, 934 F.3d 830 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ctr. , 2012 Ark. 328, 422 S.W.3d 116, 120 (Ark. 2012). . . .

UNITED STATES v. O LAUGHLIN, 934 F.3d 840 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . California , 422 U.S. 806, 95 S.Ct. 2525, 45 L.Ed.2d 562 (1975), extends to civil commitment proceedings . . .

SENNE v. KANSAS CITY ROYALS BASEBALL CORP. LLC LLC LP St. LLC LLC LLC LLC L. P. L. P. LLC LLC L. P. AZPB L. P. P LLC LLC LP LLP LLC LLC,, 934 F.3d 918 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Campbell , 538 U.S. 408, 422, 123 S.Ct. 1513, 155 L.Ed.2d 585 (2003) ; and then citing McCann , 105 Cal.Rptr . . .

HARVILLE, v. CITY OF HOUSTON, MISSISSIPPI,, 935 F.3d 404 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Dow Chemical Co. , 851 F.3d 422, 425-26 (5th Cir. 2017) (citing Burell v. Prudential Ins. . . . Staub , 562 U.S. at 422, 131 S.Ct. 1186. . . . Alkhawaldeh , 851 F.3d at 422 n.23 ("But a Title VII claimant cannot, with each protected activity, re-start . . .

LEWIS, v. CITY OF UNION CITY, GEORGIA,, 934 F.3d 1169 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . ConAgra Foods, Inc. , 422 F.3d 1220, 1230 (11th Cir. 2005) (quoting Davis v. Fla. . . .

BAUGHMAN, v. HICKMAN K. M., 935 F.3d 302 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Alderson , 848 F.3d at 422 (citation omitted). D. . . . Hermann , 422 F.3d 252, 262 (5th Cir. 2005). . . . Alderson , 848 F.3d at 422. E. Official capacity defendants; Dr. . . .

UNITED STATES v. C. BROWN, v. N., 934 F.3d 1278 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Thompson , 422 F.3d 1285, 1294 (11th Cir. 2005) ("When a defendant discovers new evidence after trial . . . See Thompson , 422 F.3d at 1294. . . .

GOLDEN v. NEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY v., 934 F.3d 302 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Register , 422 N.J.Super. 387, 29 A.3d 313, 319 (App. . . .

ESTATE OF ROMAIN, v. CITY OF GROSSE POINTE FARMS A. J., 935 F.3d 485 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Del Rio , 444 F.3d 417, 422 (5th Cir. 2006). . . .

IN RE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE S SUNDAY TICKET ANTITRUST LITIGATION, Jr. v. LLC LLC NFL LLC LLC LP LLC LLC NFL LP LLC LP LLC LP Co. LLC LP LLC, 933 F.3d 1136 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Superior Court Trial Lawyers Ass'n , 493 U.S. 411, 422, 110 S.Ct. 768, 107 L.Ed.2d 851 (1990), or fixes . . .

IN RE WEINHOLD,, 603 B.R. 513 (Bankr. M.D. Fla. 2019)

. . . Doc. 422, Ex. A. Id. Id. ; Doc. 429. Doc. No. 430. Doc. No. 406. Doc. 434. Doc. 469. Doc. 470, Ex. . . .

ODDO, v. BIMBO BAKERIES U. S. A. INC., 391 F. Supp. 3d 466 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Klemm, 890 F.3d 422 (3d Cir. 2018) (en banc). . . . McComb, 332 U.S. 422, 423, 431, 68 S.Ct. 131, 92 L.Ed. 44 (1947). . . .

UNITED STATES v. JOBE,, 933 F.3d 1074 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Illinois , 422 U.S. 590, 610-11, 95 S.Ct. 2254, 45 L.Ed.2d 416 (1975) (Powell, J., concurring in part . . . probable cause as to render official belief in its existence entirely unreasonable.' " (quoting Brown , 422 . . .

NEWCOMBE, v. UNITED STATES, 933 F.3d 915 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States, 228 F.3d 420, 422 (D.C. . . .

UNITED STATES v. C. HODGE, 933 F.3d 468 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Co. , 826 F.2d 420, 422 (5th Cir. 1987) ). ii. . . .

PARENT PROFESSIONAL ADVOCACY LEAGUE M. W. a F. D. S. S. a S. Y. v. CITY OF SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS J., 934 F.3d 13 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Moody, 422 U.S. 405, 408, 95 S.Ct. 2362, 45 L.Ed.2d 280 (1975), or "employment practices," Lewis v. . . . Albemarle Paper, 422 U.S. at 414 n.8, 95 S.Ct. 2362. . . . Seldin, 422 U.S. 490, 511, 95 S.Ct. 2197, 45 L.Ed.2d 343 (1975). . . . Brock, 477 U.S. 274, 287, 106 S.Ct. 2523, 91 L.Ed.2d 228 (1986) (quoting Warth, 422 U.S. at 515-16, 95 . . . Supp. 3d 414, 422 (D. Mass. 2015). . . .

CONSTANCE S. v. SAUL,, 389 F. Supp. 3d 583 (N.D. Ill. 2019)

. . . Berryhill , 889 F.3d 422, 426 (7th Cir. 2018) (consultative examiner); Campbell v. . . .

BRENDA L. v. SAUL,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 858 (N.D. Ill. 2019)

. . . Berryhill , 889 F.3d 422, 426 (7th Cir. 2018) ; Getch v. . . .

T. SCHMITT v. LAROSE,, 933 F.3d 628 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 422-23, 108 S.Ct. 1886. But Meyer is not completely on all fours with the facts in our case. . . .

LOCAL COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA, AFL- CIO v. CITY OF NEW YORK, 392 F. Supp. 3d 361 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . as a law clerk with 189 hours at $150 per hour ($28,350.00); and Cullen as a junior associate with 422 . . .

UNITED STATES v. DAMON,, 933 F.3d 269 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Williams , 510 F.3d 416, 422 (3d Cir. 2007) (internal quotations and alterations omitted). . . .

O. CAMPOS, v. COOK COUNTY,, 932 F.3d 972 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Zimmerman Brush Co. , 455 U.S. 422, 437, 102 S.Ct. 1148, 71 L.Ed.2d 265 (1982) (quoting Armstrong v. . . .

C. CORDARO, v. UNITED STATES, 933 F.3d 232 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Wheeler, 886 F.3d 415, 422-26 (4th Cir. 2018) ; Williams v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. P. MAZZULLA, 932 F.3d 1091 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Gonzalez, 781 F.3d 422, 430 (8th Cir. 2015) (citing United States v. . . .

SPORTFUEL, INC. v. PEPSICO, INC., 932 F.3d 589 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id . at 422 (quoting Platinum Home Mortg. , 149 F.3d at 727 ). . . . See Uncommon , 926 F.3d at 422-23. . . .

UNITED STATES v. COLLIER,, 932 F.3d 1067 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . California , 422 U.S. 806, 835, 95 S.Ct. 2525, 45 L.Ed.2d 562 (1975) (requiring a hearing following a . . .

UNITED STATES v. BOSYK,, 933 F.3d 319 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Illinois , 422 U.S. 590, 611, 95 S.Ct. 2254, 45 L.Ed.2d 416 (1975) (Powell, J., concurring)). . . .

UNITED STATES v. JOHN, 391 F. Supp. 3d 458 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Jeanpierre, 636 F.3d 416, 422 (8th Cir. 2011). . . .

AYESTAS, v. DAVIS,, 933 F.3d 384 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Johnson , 127 F.3d 409, 422 (5th Cir. 1997). . . . Dretke , 422 F.3d 269, 288 (5th Cir. 2005). . . .

UNITED STATES v. KRAEMER,, 933 F.3d 675 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . App'x 422, 434 (7th Cir. 2017) (unpublished). Mr. Kraemer submits that in Lockhart v. . . .

IN RE L. VENANZIO, J. v. U. S., 602 B.R. 921 (Bankr. W.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . (In re Padilla) , 389 B.R. 409, 422 (Bankr. E.D. . . .

ALEXIS BAILLY VINEYARD, INC. a LLC, a v. HARRINGTON, s, 931 F.3d 774 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Regents of the Univ. of Minn. , 167 F.3d 420, 422 (8th Cir. 1999) ). . . .

CHRONIS, v. UNITED STATES, 932 F.3d 544 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . App'x 422, 424 (5th Cir. 2012) ("If a claim is removed from state court and then dismissed for failure . . .

VIANA SANTOS v. MCALEENAN, D. Jr., 392 F. Supp. 3d 192 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . United States Department of Homeland Security, 835 F.3d 422 (3d Cir. 2016), but also the petitioner in . . .

GORSS MOTELS, INC. a a E G, a a v. SAFEMARK SYSTEMS, LP,, 931 F.3d 1094 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ash , 422 U.S. 66, 76, 95 S.Ct. 2080, 45 L.Ed.2d 26 (1975). . . .

DEFENDERS OF WILDLIFE v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U. S. LLC,, 931 F.3d 339 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bureau of Land Mgmt. , 422 F. Supp. 2d 1115, 1127 (N.D. . . .

P. J. BY THROUGH MR. MRS. W. J. L. G. MR. MRS. L. G. M. L. MR. MRS. J. L. Mr. v. CONNECTICUT STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION, 931 F.3d 156 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Tiffany & Co. , 166 F.3d 422, 425 (2d Cir. 1999) (quoting Hensley , 461 U.S. at 434, 103 S.Ct. 1933 ) . . .

PETERSON, v. HEYMES,, 931 F.3d 546 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Dunaway , 684 F.2d 422, 426 (6th Cir. 1982), cert. denied , 459 U.S. 1171, 103 S.Ct. 816, 74 L.Ed.2d . . .

In MATTER OF BENJAMIN, v., 932 F.3d 293 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Salfi , 422 U.S. 749, 760 n.7, 95 S.Ct. 2457, 45 L.Ed.2d 522 (1975). . . .

ANDERSON, v. CITY OF ROCKFORD,, 932 F.3d 494 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Cummings , 922 F.3d 834, 842 (7th Cir. 2019) (quoting Kyles , 514 U.S. at 422, 115 S.Ct. 1555 ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. COONCE, Jr., 932 F.3d 623 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Virginia , 500 U.S. 415, 422, 111 S.Ct. 1899, 114 L.Ed.2d 493 (1991), we will reverse only for abuse . . .

UNITED STATES v. MUSCHETTE, 392 F. Supp. 3d 282 (E.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . See GX 422(a). Above the noose is the number "187"-a reference to murder. See id. ; Trial Tr. 1045. . . .

IN RE CA SILVERMAN,, 603 B.R. 498 (Bankr. N.M. 2019)

. . . Seldin, 422 U.S. 490, 499, 95 S.Ct. 2197, 45 L.Ed.2d 343 (1975) (the existence of a case or controversy . . .

STATE BY AND THROUGH TENNESSEE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE,, 931 F.3d 499 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Seldin , 422 U.S. 490, 518, 95 S.Ct. 2197, 45 L.Ed.2d 343 (1975) ). . . .

KHRAPUNOV, v. PROSYANKIN, 931 F.3d 922 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Newkirk , 422 U.S. 395, 401, 95 S.Ct. 2330, 45 L.Ed.2d 272 (1975) ). . . .

NEWIRTH, BY AND THROUGH J. NEWIRTH, v. AEGIS SENIOR COMMUNITIES, LLC,, 931 F.3d 935 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . De Mota , 24 Cal. 2d 563, 572, 150 P.2d 422 (1944), or assert that this rule precludes enforcement of . . .

UNITED STATES v. JENNINGS, Sr., 930 F.3d 1024 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Crume, 422 F.3d 728, 732 (8th Cir. 2005) ). . . . Mark, 425 F.3d 505, 507-08 (8th Cir. 2005) ; Crume, 422 F.3d at 733-34 ; United States v. . . . Smith, 422 F.3d 715, 724 (8th Cir. 2005) ). . . .

RODRIGUEZ v. CITY OF SAN JOSE, 930 F.3d 1123 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Seldin , 422 U.S. 490, 511, 95 S.Ct. 2197, 45 L.Ed.2d 343 (1975) ). . . .

L. JACKSON, v. BARTOW,, 930 F.3d 930 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . California , 422 U.S. 806, 95 S.Ct. 2525, 45 L.Ed.2d 562 (1975). . . . defendants have the right to represent themselves at trial so long as they competently choose to do so. 422 . . .

NANTUME, v. P. BARR,, 931 F.3d 35 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Gonzales, 422 F.3d 33, 35 (1st Cir. 2005). . . .

KERR, V. M. E. K. W. B. C. Ph. D. A. L. M. D. L. Re- E. a k a J. L. a k a L. P. W. Re- K. C. Re- J. Re- IJ G. v. POLIS,, 930 F.3d 1190 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Malaysia Int'l Shipping Corp. , 549 U.S. 422, 425, 127 S.Ct. 1184, 167 L.Ed.2d 15 (2007) (holding that . . .

WOOD GROUP PRODUCTION SERVICES, v. DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF WORKERS COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, A., 930 F.3d 733 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . See id. at 492 (discussing Herb's Welding , 470 U.S. at 422 n.6, 105 S.Ct. 1421 ; Rodrigue v. . . .

ZACARIAS v. STANFORD INTERNATIONAL BANK, LIMITED, L. v. S. S. v. a a v. De v. S. v. L. v. S. C. v. WGH De De De La v. De De De v. a a De v., 931 F.3d 382 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Seldin , 422 U.S. 490, 518, 95 S.Ct. 2197, 45 L.Ed.2d 343 (1975) ("The rules of standing ... are threshold . . .

BRAEBURN INC. v. UNITED STATES FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION,, 389 F. Supp. 3d 1 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . AR 422 (sealed). . . . AR 422 (sealed). . . . AR 422 (sealed). . . . AR 422 (sealed). . . . AR 422 (sealed). . . .

CORBETT, v. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION,, 930 F.3d 1225 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Seldin, 422 U.S. 490, 501, 95 S.Ct. 2197, 45 L.Ed.2d 343 (1975). . . . Malaysia Int'l Shipping Corp., 549 U.S. 422, 431, 127 S.Ct. 1184, 167 L.Ed.2d 15 (2007) (citations and . . .

ACE AMERICAN INSURANCE COMPANY, a v. WATTLES COMPANY, a, 930 F.3d 1240 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Clark Atlanta Univ., Inc., 339 Ga.App. 814, 794 S.E.2d 422, 432-34 (2016) (considering treatise on university . . .

N. Y. C. C. v. P. BARR,, 930 F.3d 884 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Holder , 624 F.3d 422, 428 (7th Cir. 2010) (explaining that a failure to prove persecution for purposes . . .

PIERRE- PAUL, v. P. BARR, U. S., 930 F.3d 684 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Hayes , 555 U.S. 415, 422 n.5, 129 S.Ct. 1079, 172 L.Ed.2d 816 (2009) ; see also Pereira , 138 S. . . .

In CRANBERRY GROWERS COOPERATIVE, v. S. LAYNG,, 930 F.3d 844 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Stapleton (In re Genesis Health Ventures, Inc.) , 402 F.3d 416, 422 (3d Cir. 2005) ; see also St. . . .

ZENITH INSURANCE COMPANY, v. OLD REPUBLIC INSURANCE COMPANY,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 1108 (N.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . App. 4th 414, 422, 69 Cal.Rptr.2d 9 (1997) ("To 'describe or rate' a vehicle means a particularization . . . App. 4th at 422, 69 Cal.Rptr.2d 9 ("To 'describe or rate' a vehicle means a particularization of the . . .

R. BRADLEY, v. VILLAGE OF UNIVERSITY PARK, ILLINOIS,, 929 F.3d 875 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Zimmerman Brush Co. , 455 U.S. 422, 102 S.Ct. 1148, 71 L.Ed.2d 265 (1982) ; see also Easter House v. . . . Zimmerman Brush Co. , 455 U.S. 422, 436, 102 S.Ct. 1148, 71 L.Ed.2d 265 (1982), quoting Parratt , 451 . . . Zimmerman Brush Co. , 455 U.S. 422, 435-36, 102 S.Ct. 1148, 71 L.Ed.2d 265 (1982) (quoting Parratt , . . . Zimmerman Brush Co ., 455 U.S. 422, 432-33, 102 S.Ct. 1148, 71 L.Ed.2d 265 (1982) (collecting cases where . . . Salem Inn, Inc. , 422 U.S. 922, 930, 95 S.Ct. 2561, 45 L.Ed.2d 648 (1975), so we should trust them to . . .

SCOTTSDALE CAPITAL ADVISORS CORPORATION, v. FINANCIAL INDUSTRY REGULATORY AUTHORITY,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 72 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . ."); Scottsdale I, 844 F.3d at 422 ("Neither party disputes that it is 'fairly discernible' that Congress . . .

UNITED STATES v. HANSEN,, 929 F.3d 1238 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . California , 422 U.S. 806, 821, 95 S.Ct. 2525, 45 L.Ed.2d 562 (1975) )). . . . (quoting Taylor , 113 F.3d at 1140 ); see Faretta , 422 U.S. at 835, 95 S.Ct. 2525 (stating that "the . . . Boone , 468 F.3d 665, 676 (10th Cir. 2006) ); accord Faretta , 422 U.S. at 835, 95 S.Ct. 2525 ; see Tovar . . . Neither is it a license not to comply with relevant rules of procedural and substantive law." 422 U.S . . . that he will face "the full 'dangers and disadvantages of self-representation' " (quoting Faretta , 422 . . .

UNITED STATES v. MILLS,, 389 F. Supp. 3d 528 (E.D. Mich. 2019)

. . . Bedford, 914 F.3d 422, 427 (6th Cir. 2019) ("It is well established that 'when the statute's language . . .

F. MAY, v. SEGOVIA,, 929 F.3d 1223 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Salfi , 422 U.S. 749, 764, 95 S.Ct. 2457, 45 L.Ed.2d 522 (1975) )). . . .

UNITED STATES v. STRUBBERG,, 929 F.3d 969 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Crume , 422 F.3d 728, 733-34 (8th Cir. 2005) (concluding a similar restriction was sensible and not overly . . .

INDIVIOR INC. UK RB Rx, LLC, v. DR. REDDY S LABORATORIES, S. A. Dr. s UT, USA, UK RB v. LLC,, 930 F.3d 1325 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Watson Labs., Inc. , Nos. 13-1674-RGA, 14-422-RGA, 2016 WL 3186659 (D. Del. . . . Watson Labs., Inc. , Nos. 13-1674-RGA, 14-422-RGA, 2017 WL 3820943 (D. Del. . . .

PENNSYLVANIA v. PRESIDENT UNITED STATES D. C., 930 F.3d 543 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Dep't of Health & Human Servs., 778 F.3d 422, 437-38 (3d Cir. 2015) (emphasis omitted), vacated and remanded . . .

UNITED STATES v. GURULE,, 929 F.3d 1214 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Brignoni-Ponce, 422 U.S. 873, 878, 95 S.Ct. 2574, 45 L.Ed.2d 607 (1975)). . . .

AUTOMOTIVE BODY PARTS ASSOCIATION, v. FORD GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES, LLC,, 930 F.3d 1314 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Lexmark Int'l, Inc ., 697 F.3d 387, 395, 422 (6th Cir. 2012) (holding a printer cartridge design functional . . .

OVERBEY v. MAYOR OF BALTIMORE UC MPA D. C. s E. W., 930 F.3d 215 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Seldin , 422 U.S. 490, 500, 95 S.Ct. 2197, 45 L.Ed.2d 343 (1975). . . .

UNITED STATES v. GURULE,, 935 F.3d 878 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Brignoni-Ponce , 422 U.S. 873, 878, 95 S.Ct. 2574, 45 L.Ed.2d 607 (1975) ). . . .