The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XXXII
REGULATION OF PROFESSIONS AND OCCUPATIONS

Chapter 485
HYPNOSIS

View Entire Chapter

CHAPTER 485

HYPNOSIS

485.001 Short title.

485.002 Legislative intent.

485.003 Definitions.

485.004 When practice of hypnosis prohibited.

485.005 Penalties.

485.001 Short title.—This chapter shall be known as the “Hypnosis Law.”

History.—s. 2, ch. 61-506; s. 201, ch. 2000-160.

Note.—Former s. 456.30.

485.002 Legislative intent.—

(1) It is recognized that hypnosis has attained a significant place as another technique in the treatment of human injury, disease, and illness, both mental and physical; that the utilization of hypnotic techniques for therapeutic purposes should be restricted to certain practitioners of the healing arts who are qualified by professional training to fulfill the necessary criteria required for diagnosis and treatment of human illness, disease, or injury within the scope of their own particular field of competence; or that such hypnotic techniques should be employed by qualified individuals who work under the direction, supervision, or prescription of such practitioners.

(2) It is the intent of the Legislature to provide for certain practitioners of the healing arts, such as a trained and qualified dentist, to use hypnosis for hypnoanesthesia or for the allaying of anxiety in relation to dental work; however, under no circumstances shall it be legal or proper for the dentist or the individual to whom the dentist may refer the patient, to use hypnosis for the treatment of the neurotic difficulties of a patient. The same applies to the optometrist, podiatric physician, chiropractic physician, osteopathic physician, or physician of medicine.

(3) It is, therefore, the intent and purpose of this chapter to regulate the practice of hypnosis for therapeutic purposes by providing that such hypnotic techniques shall be used only by certain practitioners of the healing arts within the limits and framework of their own particular field of competence; or by qualified persons to whom a patient may be referred, in which event the referring practitioner of the healing arts shall be responsible, severally or jointly, for any injury or damages resulting to the patient because of either his or her own incompetence, or the incompetence of the person to whom the patient was referred.

History.—s. 1, ch. 61-506; s. 2, ch. 65-170; s. 194, ch. 97-103; s. 48, ch. 97-264; ss. 195, 267, ch. 98-166; s. 201, ch. 2000-160.

Note.—Former s. 456.31.

485.003 Definitions.—In construing this chapter, the words, phrases, or terms, unless the context otherwise indicates, shall have the following meanings:

(1) “Hypnosis” shall mean hypnosis, hypnotism, mesmerism, posthypnotic suggestion, or any similar act or process which produces or is intended to produce in any person any form of induced sleep or trance in which the susceptibility of the person’s mind to suggestion or direction is increased or is intended to be increased, where such a condition is used or intended to be used in the treatment of any human ill, disease, injury, or for any other therapeutic purpose.

(2) “Healing arts” shall mean the practice of medicine, surgery, psychiatry, dentistry, osteopathic medicine, chiropractic medicine, naturopathy, podiatric medicine, chiropody, psychology, clinical social work, marriage and family therapy, mental health counseling, and optometry.

(3) “Practitioner of the healing arts” shall mean a person licensed under the laws of the state to practice medicine, surgery, psychiatry, dentistry, osteopathic medicine, chiropractic medicine, naturopathy, podiatric medicine, chiropody, psychology, clinical social work, marriage and family therapy, mental health counseling, or optometry within the scope of his or her professional training and competence and within the purview of the statutes applicable to his or her respective profession, and who may refer a patient for treatment by a qualified person, who shall employ hypnotic techniques under the supervision, direction, prescription, and responsibility of such referring practitioner.

(4) “Qualified person” shall mean a person deemed by the referring practitioner to be qualified by both professional training and experience to be competent to employ hypnotic technique for therapeutic purposes, under supervision, direction, or prescription.

History.—s. 3, ch. 61-506; s. 2, ch. 65-170; s. 1, ch. 95-279; s. 195, ch. 97-103; s. 1, ch. 97-198; s. 193, ch. 97-264; ss. 196, 268, ch. 98-166; s. 201, ch. 2000-160.

Note.—Former s. 456.32.

485.004 When practice of hypnosis prohibited.—It shall be unlawful for any person to engage in the practice of hypnosis for therapeutic purposes unless such person is a practitioner of one of the healing arts, as herein defined, or acts under the supervision, direction, prescription, and responsibility of such a person.

History.—s. 4, ch. 61-506; s. 201, ch. 2000-160.

Note.—Former s. 456.33.

485.005 Penalties.—

(1) MISDEMEANOR.—Any person who shall violate the provisions of this chapter shall be guilty of a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

(2) REVOCATION OF LICENSE.—A violation of any of the provisions of this chapter by any person licensed to practice any branch of the healing arts in this state shall constitute grounds for revocation of license, and action may be taken by the respective boards in accordance with the applicable statutes.

(3) CIVIL LIABILITY.—Any person who shall be damaged or injured by any practitioner of the healing arts, or by any person to whom such a practitioner may refer a patient for treatment, may bring suit against the practitioner either severally, or jointly, with the person to whom the referral was made.

(4) CONSTRUCTION IN RELATION TO OTHER LAWS.—No civil or criminal remedy for any wrongful action shall be excluded or impaired by the provisions of this chapter.

History.—s. 5, ch. 61-506; s. 387, ch. 71-136; s. 201, ch. 2000-160.

Note.—Former s. 456.34.

F.S. 485 on Google Scholar

F.S. 485 on Casetext

Amendments to 485

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 485

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

S206.485 2 - TAX REVENUE - FAIL REPORT TRACKING OF PETRO PRODUCT - F: T

S485.004 - HEALTH-SAFETY - UNLAWFUL PRACTICE OF HYPNOSIS - M: S

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

OUR LADY OF GUADALUPE SCHOOL, v. MORRISSEY- BERRU St. v., 140 S. Ct. 2049 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Lincoln, The Constitutional History of New York 485, 745 (1906). . . . Mississippi College , 626 F.2d 477, 479, 485 (C.A.5 1980) (ministerial exception inapplicable to faculty . . .

LITTLE SISTERS OF THE POOR SAINTS PETER AND PAUL HOME, v. PENNSYLVANIA, J. v., 140 S. Ct. 2367 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Assn. , 485 U.S. 439, 449, 108 S.Ct. 1319, 99 L.Ed.2d 534 (1988) . . .

P. BARR, v. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF POLITICAL CONSULTANTS, INC., 140 S. Ct. 2335 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Barry , 485 U.S. 312, 321, 108 S.Ct. 1157, 99 L.Ed.2d 333 (1988) ("content-based restriction[s] on political . . .

ESPINOZA, v. MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE,, 140 S. Ct. 2246 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Assn. , 485 U.S. 439, 450, 108 S.Ct. 1319, 99 L.Ed.2d 534 (1988) . . . differential treatment, cf. ante , at 2256 - 2257, but also a resulting burden on religious exercise, Lyng , 485 . . . do to the individual, not in terms of what the individual can exact from the government.' " Lyng , 485 . . . Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Assn. , 485 U.S. 439, 449, 108 S.Ct. 1319, 99 L.Ed.2d 534 (1988) . . . Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Assn. , 485 U.S. 439, 450, 108 S.Ct. 1319, 99 L.Ed.2d 534 (1988) . . . Lyng , 485 U.S. at 450-451, 108 S.Ct. 1319 ; Trinity Lutheran , 582 U.S., at ----, 137 S.Ct., at 2022 . . . Automobile Workers , 485 U.S. 360, 368, 108 S.Ct. 1184, 99 L.Ed.2d 380 (1988). . . . Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Assn. , 485 U.S. 439, 449, 108 S.Ct. 1319, 99 L.Ed.2d 534 (1988) . . .

AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, v. ALLIANCE FOR OPEN SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL, INC., 140 S. Ct. 2082 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Northwest Indian Cemetery Protective Assn. , 485 U.S. 439, 445, 108 S.Ct. 1319, 99 L.Ed.2d 534 (1988) . . .

JUNE MEDICAL SERVICES L. L. C. v. RUSSO, v. LLC., 140 S. Ct. 2103 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Consumers Union of United States, Inc. , 466 U.S. 485, 501, 104 S.Ct. 1949, 80 L.Ed.2d 502 (1984) )); . . .

SEILA LAW LLC, v. CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, 140 S. Ct. 2183 (U.S. 2020)

. . . In Perkins , we upheld tenure protections for a naval cadet-engineer. 116 U.S. at 485, 6 S.Ct. 449. . . . Perkins , 116 U.S. 483, 484-485, 6 S.Ct. 449, 29 L.Ed. 700 (1886), had a century earlier allowed Congress . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. THURAISSIGIAM, 140 S. Ct. 1959 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Accord, Preiser , 411 U.S. at 484-485, and nn. 3-5, 93 S.Ct. 1827. . . . J. 485, 496 (2002) (Oldham & Wishnie) (internal quotation marks omitted). . . . J. 485 (2002). . . .

BOSTOCK, v. CLAYTON COUNTY, GEORGIA v. Jr. Co- R. G. G. R. v., 140 S. Ct. 1731 (U.S. 2020)

. . . United States , 511 U.S. 485, 491-493, 114 S.Ct. 1732, 128 L.Ed.2d 517 (1994) ; West Virginia Univ. . . .

BANISTER, v. DAVIS,, 140 S. Ct. 1698 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Baker , 554 U.S. 471, 485-486, n. 5, 128 S.Ct. 2605, 171 L.Ed.2d 570 (2008) (quoting prior edition). . . . Id., at 485, 111 S.Ct. 1454. But the rule against repetitive litigation still had plenty of bite. . . .

KELLY, v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 1565 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Id. , at 484-485 (Patel testimony). Nor did Wildstein or Baroni show any interest in the data. . . .

UNITED STATES, v. SINENENG- SMITH, 140 S. Ct. 1575 (U.S. 2020)

. . . invited amici 's arguments, that § 1324(a)(1)(A)(iv) is unconstitutionally overbroad. 910 F.3d 461, 485 . . . holding that § 1324(a)(1)(A)(iv) was facially overbroad under the First Amendment, 910 F.3d at 483-485 . . .

MAINE COMMUNITY HEALTH OPTIONS, v. UNITED STATES v. v. v., 140 S. Ct. 1308 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Id. , at 485, 135 S.Ct. 2480. . . .

GEORGIA, v. PUBLIC. RESOURCE. ORG, INC., 140 S. Ct. 1498 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Burson , 54 Ohio St. 470, 485, 43 N.E. 1000, 1003 (1896) ("reluctantly overrul[ing] the second syllabus . . .

ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY, v. A. CHRISTIAN,, 140 S. Ct. 1335 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Isla Petroleum Corp. , 485 U.S. 495, 503, 108 S.Ct. 1350, 99 L.Ed.2d 582 (1988) ). . . .

RAMOS, v. LOUISIANA, 140 S. Ct. 1390 (U.S. 2020)

. . . , 60-63, 124 S.Ct. 1354, 158 L.Ed.2d 177 (2004). 556 U.S. 332, 345-347, 129 S.Ct. 1710, 173 L.Ed.2d 485 . . . Gant , 556 U.S. 332, 129 S.Ct. 1710, 173 L.Ed.2d 485 (2009). . . . Gant , 556 U.S. 332, 129 S.Ct. 1710, 173 L.Ed.2d 485 (2009), where the Court effectively overruled a . . .

CITGO ASPHALT REFINING COMPANY, v. FRESCATI SHIPPING COMPANY, LTD., 140 S. Ct. 1081 (U.S. 2020)

. . . 187 U.S. 248, 253, 23 S.Ct. 86, 47 L.Ed. 163 (1902) ; see also The Gazelle and Cargo , 128 U.S. 474, 485 . . .

K. KAHLER, v. KANSAS, 140 S. Ct. 1021 (U.S. 2020)

. . . C. 477, 485-486, 402 S. E. 2d 386, 390 (1991). . . .

KANSAS, v. GARCIA v. v., 140 S. Ct. 791 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Isla Petroleum Corp. , 485 U.S. 495, 503, 108 S.Ct. 1350, 99 L.Ed.2d 582 (1988) ; see also Whiting , . . .

SHULAR, v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 779 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Id. , at 483-485, 132 S.Ct. 1166. See also, e.g. , Stokeling v. . . .

L. BALDWIN, Et Ux. v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 690 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Towsley, 13 Wall. 72, 88, 20 L.Ed. 485 (1871) ; see also id. , at 91. . . .

ROMAN CATHOLIC ARCHDIOCESE OF SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO v. ACEVEDO FELICIANO,, 140 S. Ct. 696 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Huidekoper , 103 U.S. 485, 493, 26 L.Ed. 354 (1881). . . .

PEREZ, v. CITY OF SWEETWATER, FLORIDA, 140 S. Ct. 618 (U.S. 2019)

. . . CITY OF SWEETWATER, FLORIDA No. 19-485 Supreme Court of the United States. . . .

NATIONAL REVIEW, INC. v. E. MANN v. E., 140 S. Ct. 344 (U.S. 2019)

. . . Cohn , 420 U.S. 469, 485, 95 S.Ct. 1029, 43 L.Ed.2d 328 (1975) (observing that "there should be no trial . . .

ANIMAL LEGAL DEFENSE FUND v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 935 F.3d 858 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 485. The district court dismissed the complaint for failure to state a claim, and the D.C. . . . Id. at 485 (citation omitted). Thus, D.C. Circuit law on this issue does not seem settled. III. . . .

UNITED STATES v. BAPTISTE,, 935 F.3d 1304 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Medina , 485 F.3d 1291, 1304 (11th Cir. 2007) (indicating that a reasonable estimate is particularly . . .

UNITED STATES v. HERRING,, 935 F.3d 1102 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . were nonfrivolous grounds for appeal ... will often be highly relevant," Flores-Ortega, 528 U.S. at 485 . . . Id. at 485-86, 120 S.Ct. 1029. . . .

U. S. SECURITIES EXCHANGE COMMISSION, v. HUI FENG Of PC,, 935 F.3d 721 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Orange , 485 F.3d 463, 470 (9th Cir. 2007). . . . Levinson , 485 U.S. 224, 231-32, 108 S.Ct. 978, 99 L.Ed.2d 194 (1988) ). . . .

IN RE BOWLES,, 935 F.3d 1210 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Jenkins, 770 F.3d 485, 497 (6th Cir. 2014) ; Thompson v. . . .

NICHOLSON J. H. a J. N. G. a v. CITY OF LOS ANGELES a a, 935 F.3d 685 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Orange , 485 F.3d 463, 481 n.12 (9th Cir. 2007) (quoting Chuman v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. MCCLOUD, II,, 935 F.3d 527 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Gauna , 485 F. . . .

BACA v. COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF STATE, G. T. L. M., 935 F.3d 887 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Mapco Int'l, Inc. , 983 F.2d 485, 490 (3d Cir. 1992) ("A claim for money damages is moot only if it will . . .

BURKE, v. REGALADO, v., 935 F.3d 960 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Deere & Co. , 485 F. App'x 39, 51 (6th Cir. 2012) (unpublished). . . . Deere & Co. , 485 F. . . .

UNITED STATES v. CUEVAS- LOPEZ,, 934 F.3d 1056 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 242 U.S. 470, 485, 37 S.Ct. 192, 61 L.Ed. 442 (1917) ). . . .

BOWLES, v. DESANTIS,, 934 F.3d 1230 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Allen, 485 F.3d 635, 641 (11th Cir. 2007) (same); Williams v. . . .

GUPTA, v. MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY, LLC,, 934 F.3d 705 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Citicorp USA, Inc. , 137 Ill.App.3d 1035, 92 Ill.Dec. 780, 485 N.E.2d 591, 595 (1985) (citing RESTATEMENT . . .

TURCO v. CITY OF ENGLEWOOD, NEW JERSEY,, 935 F.3d 155 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Coakley , 573 U.S. 464, 485, 134 S.Ct. 2518, 189 L.Ed.2d 502 (2014). . . . Id. at 485-86, 134 S.Ct. 2518. . . . Schultz , 487 U.S. 474, 485, 108 S.Ct. 2495, 101 L.Ed.2d 420 (1988) ("A statute is narrowly tailored . . . Stevens , 559 U.S. 460, 485, 130 S.Ct. 1577, 176 L.Ed.2d 435 (2010) (emphasis in original). . . . Stevens , 559 U.S. at 485, 130 S.Ct. 1577 (citations omitted). Id. . . .

SAM K. v. SAUL,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 874 (N.D. Ill. 2019)

. . . Berryhill , 900 F.3d 479, 485 (7th Cir. 2018) ; Schaaf v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. CANO,, 934 F.3d 1002 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Gant , 556 U.S. 332, 343, 129 S.Ct. 1710, 173 L.Ed.2d 485 (2009) (vehicle searches); Brigham City v. . . . Wanjiku , 919 F.3d 472, 485 (7th Cir. 2019) ("[N]o circuit court, before or after Riley , has required . . . See Lara , 815 F.3d at 613 ; see also Wanjiku , 919 F.3d at 485-86 (finding that agents had reasonable . . .

UNITED STATES v. CRUM,, 934 F.3d 963 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 511 U.S. 485, 114 S.Ct. 1732, 128 L.Ed.2d 517 (1994), to reject the Sixth and D.C. . . .

BOXILL, v. P. O GRADY E. E. T., 935 F.3d 510 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Morgan Stanley DW, Inc. , 485 F.3d 840, 845-46 (6th Cir. 2007) (finding judgment was final in part because . . .

A. CARVELLI, v. OCWEN FINANCIAL CORPORATION, M. R. Jr., 934 F.3d 1307 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Basic , 485 U.S. at 239 n.17, 108 S.Ct. 978. . . . Basic , 485 U.S. at 238, 108 S.Ct. 978 (quotation omitted). . . . Basic , 485 U.S. at 239 n.17, 108 S.Ct. 978. . . . See Basic , 485 U.S. at 224, 108 S.Ct. 978. . . . See Basic , 485 U.S. at 231-32, 108 S.Ct. 978. . . .

UNITED STATES v. NORMAN,, 935 F.3d 232 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Gant , 556 U.S. 332, 343, 129 S.Ct. 1710, 173 L.Ed.2d 485 (2009) (internal quotation marks omitted). . . .

CAPIZ- FABIAN, v. P. BARR,, 933 F.3d 1015 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Haitian Refugee Center, Inc. , 498 U.S. 479, 485-86, 111 S.Ct. 888, 112 L.Ed.2d 1005 (1991). II. . . .

IN RE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE S SUNDAY TICKET ANTITRUST LITIGATION, Jr. v. LLC LLC NFL LLC LLC LP LLC LLC NFL LP LLC LP LLC LP Co. LLC LP LLC, 933 F.3d 1136 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Supp. 2d 465, 473, 485 (S.D.N.Y. 2012) ; see also New Boston Television, Inc. v. . . .

OWNER OPERATOR INDEPENDENT DRIVERS ASSOCIATION, INC. L. B. L. LLC G. v. PENNSYLVANIA TURNPIKE COMMISSION S. PTC K. PTC T. PTC T. Sr. PTC N. PTC P. PTC R. PTC s, 934 F.3d 283 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 485, 120 S.Ct. 1595, 146 L.Ed.2d 542 (2000) (quoting Ashwander v. Tenn. . . .

UNITED STATES v. HATAWAY,, 933 F.3d 940 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . precisely track[ed] the language of" the subsection that satisfied the ACCA force clause. 631 F.3d 476, 485 . . .

BASTARDO- VALE, v. ATTORNEY GENERAL UNITED STATES, 934 F.3d 255 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . SEC, 485 F.2d 718, 732 (3d Cir. 1973) (noting that "[t]he courts have consistently held that where an . . .

UNITED STATES v. D. MCCALL, a k a, 934 F.3d 380 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Shortt , 485 F.3d 243, 252 (4th Cir. 2007). . . .

UNITED STATES v. JONES,, 935 F.3d 266 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . instead, "conspiracy to commit an offense is merely an agreement to commit an offense." 903 F.3d at 485 . . .

JANJUA, v. NEUFELD, USCIS T. USCIS K. U. S. U. S. P. U. S., 933 F.3d 1061 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . In December 2008, Janjua filed a Form I-485, applying for adjustment of status to permanent residency . . .

UNITED STATES v. WALKER,, 934 F.3d 375 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Fuertes , 805 F.3d 485, 501 (4th Cir. 2015). . . .

PILLAR DYNASTY LLC, v. NEW YORK COMPANY, INC., 933 F.3d 202 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Baker , 554 U.S. 471, 485 n.5, 128 S.Ct. 2605, 171 L.Ed.2d 570 (2008). . . .

L. ROMANSKY, v. SUPERINTENDENT GREENE SCI, 933 F.3d 293 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Horn , 485 F.3d 103, 127 (3d Cir. 2007) (quoting Strickland , 466 U.S. at 688, 694, 104 S.Ct. 2052 ). . . .

DOE, v. MCKESSON, 935 F.3d 253 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 367 F.3d 485, 489 (5th Cir. 2004) ("Under Louisiana law, the existence of a duty presents . . .

CONSTANCE S. v. SAUL,, 389 F. Supp. 3d 583 (N.D. Ill. 2019)

. . . Berryhill , 900 F.3d 479, 485 (7th Cir. 2018) (treating physician); Britt v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. BROWN, v. J., 932 F.3d 1011 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Tjader , 927 F.3d 483, 485 (7th Cir. 2019) (quoting United States v. . . .

MALDONADO L. Jr. v. RODRIGUEZ, Jr., 932 F.3d 388 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Hays County , 723 F.3d 586, 591-92 (5th Cir. 2013) ; Gentry , 337 F.3d at 485-86 ; Aucoin , 306 F.3d . . . Gentry, 337 F.3d at 485-86 (citing Kinsey, 950 F.2d at 993-94 ) (quotation marks and internal citations . . . Lowndes County , 337 F.3d 481, 485-86 (5th Cir. 2003) (cleaned up). See, e.g. , Brady v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. THOMAS,, 933 F.3d 605 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 485 U.S. 759, 772, 108 S.Ct. 1537, 99 L.Ed.2d 839 (1988). . . .

FRYE, v. CSX TRANSPORTATION, INC., 933 F.3d 591 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Praprotnik , 485 U.S. 112, 118-20, 108 S.Ct. 915, 99 L.Ed.2d 107 (1988) ("Although the same legal issue . . .

CARDOZA SALAZAR, v. P. BARR,, 932 F.3d 704 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Gonzales , 485 F.3d 1014, 1026 (8th Cir. 2007) ). . . .

MITCHELL, v. MACLAREN,, 933 F.3d 526 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 485 F. App'x 125, 127-28 (6th Cir. 2012). . . .

D. LISLE, Jr. v. WELBORN,, 933 F.3d 705 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Jordan , 485 F.3d 934, 939 (7th Cir. 2007). . . .

UNITED STATES v. MATHIS, a k a a k a a k a D- v. a k a a k a v. a k a a k a a k a v. a k a a k a K. a k a a k a v. a k a a k a a k a v. a k a a k a a k a a k a, 932 F.3d 242 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Fuertes , 805 F.3d 485, 498 (4th Cir. 2015). . . .

IN RE NAVARRO,, 931 F.3d 1298 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Sec'y, Dep't of Corr. , 485 F.3d 1351, 1357-58 (11th Cir. 2007) (explaining that this Court's determination . . .

IN RE M. PALACIOS,, 931 F.3d 1314 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Sec'y, Dep't of Corrs. , 485 F.3d 1351, 1357-58 (11th Cir. 2007) (explaining that this Court's determination . . .

UNITED STATES v. LOCKE,, 932 F.3d 196 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . U.S. , 511 U.S. 485, 497, 114 S.Ct. 1732, 128 L.Ed.2d 517 (1994). . . .

UNITED STATES v. CORNETTE,, 932 F.3d 204 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Fuertes , 805 F.3d 485, 498 (4th Cir. 2015). . . .

TIAN v. P. BARR,, 932 F.3d 664 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Gonzales , 485 F.3d 992 (7th Cir. 2007). . . . See Jiang , 485 F.3d at 995 (quoting Gjerazi v. Gonzales , 435 F.3d 800, 807 (7th Cir. 2006) ). . . . Gonzales , 485 F.3d 1014, 1030 (8th Cir. 2007). . . .

GREAT AMERICAN ALLIANCE INSURANCE COMPANY v. WINDERMERE BAPTIST CONFERENCE CENTER, INC., 931 F.3d 771 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ashley , 485 S.W.2d 641, 645 (Mo. Ct. App. 1972) ; see also Kimack v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. GALECKI, v., 932 F.3d 176 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Damra , 621 F.3d 474, 485 (6th Cir. 2010) (same), United States v. . . .

NOVAK, v. CITY OF PARMA, 932 F.3d 421 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Falwell , 485 U.S. 46, 56-57, 108 S.Ct. 876, 99 L.Ed.2d 41 (1988). It is protected speech. Id. . . . Hustler , 485 U.S. at 50, 108 S.Ct. 876. . . . Hustler , 485 U.S. at 54, 108 S.Ct. 876. . . . See Hustler , 485 U.S. at 57, 108 S.Ct. 876 ("The Court of Appeals interpreted the jury's finding to . . .

UNITED STATES v. MASSIMINO, 389 F. Supp. 3d 357 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Wood, 211 F.3d 480, 485-86 (9th Cir. 2000) ("[E]ven if [trial counsel] had been in the early stages of . . .

AL- BALUCHI a k a v. T. ESPER,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 46 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Mayacamas Corp., 485 U.S. 271, 289, 108 S.Ct. 1133, 99 L.Ed.2d 296 (1988) (noting that the "party seeking . . .

UNITED STATES v. GLENN,, 931 F.3d 424 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Chavez , 281 F.3d 479, 485 (5th Cir. 2002) (citations and quotation marks omitted). . . .

UNITED STATES v. D. WISEMAN, Jr., 932 F.3d 411 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Clark , 485 F. App'x 816, 818 (6th Cir. 2012) (quoting United States v. . . . Montanez , 442 F.3d 485, 488 (6th Cir. 2006). . . .

UNITED STATES v. BONIN,, 932 F.3d 523 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Barry , 485 U.S. 312, 321-22, 108 S.Ct. 1157, 99 L.Ed.2d 333 (1988). . . . Boos , 485 U.S. at 321-22, 108 S.Ct. 1157. We look again to Alvarez . . . .

IN RE CANNON,, 931 F.3d 1236 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Sec'y, Dep't of Corrs., 485 F.3d 1351, 1357-58 (11th Cir. 2007) (explaining that this Court's determination . . . Gomez's motion 'fresh, or in the legal vernacular, de novo .' " Id. at 1228 (quoting in part Jordan , 485 . . . See In re Moore , 830 F.3d at 1271 ; Jordan , 485 F.3d at 1357-58. . . . Jordan, 485 F.3d at 1357. . . . re Moore, 830 F.3d at 1271 ) (citing In re Moss, 703 F.3d 1301, 1303 (11th Cir. 2013), and Jordan, 485 . . .

MEJIA- CASTANON, v. ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 931 F.3d 224 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Abudu , 485 U.S. 94, 110, 108 S.Ct. 904, 99 L.Ed.2d 90 (1988) ). . . .

HUPP R. H. a v. COOK C. R., 931 F.3d 307 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Johnson , 134 W.Va. 357, 59 S.E.2d 485, 487 (1950). . . .

M. JOSEPH, v. STATE, 275 So. 3d 1266 (Fla. App. Ct. 2019)

. . . Id. at 485 (quoting Garcia v. State , 899 So. 2d 447, 451 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005) ). . . .

IN RE T. HAMMOUD,, 931 F.3d 1032 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Sec'y, Dep't of Corrs. , 485 F.3d 1351, 1357-58 (11th Cir. 2007) (explaining that this Court's determination . . . See 28 U.S.C. §§ 2244(b)(3)(C), 2255(h)(2) ; Jordan , 485 F.3d at 1357-58. . . . See In re Moore , 830 F.3d 1268, 1271 (11th Cir. 2016) ; Jordan , 485 F.3d at 1357-58. . . .

IN RE J. LONG A., 603 B.R. 812 (Bankr. E.D. Wis. 2019)

. . . L.J. 485, 485 (2005). . . .

IN RE LICKING RIVER MINING, LLC, v. LLC,, 603 B.R. 336 (Bankr. E.D. Ky. 2019)

. . . 371 F.3d 1056, 1058 (9th Cir. 2004) (quoting In re Jeffrey Bigelow Design Group, Inc. , 956 F.2d 479, 485 . . .

TAYLOR, v. GRUBBS v. LT. SCDC SCDC DOE, DOE, AI v. SCDC LT MR C, 930 F.3d 611 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Middleton , 883 F.3d 485, 491 (4th Cir. 2018) (holding that although Supreme Court case "abrogated a . . .

DUFFNER, v. CITY OF ST. PETERS, MISSOURI, a, 930 F.3d 973 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Simmons , 335 S.W.3d 481, 485 (Mo. Ct. App. 2010). . . .

M. CROCE, v. NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY Jr., 930 F.3d 787 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Woods , 917 F.3d 471, 483 (6th Cir. 2019) ; id. at 485 n.2 (Nalbandian, J., concurring). Dr. . . .

UNITED STATES v. C. SCHMIDT,, 930 F.3d 858 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 485, 113 S.Ct. 2194. The Supreme Court rejected this argument. . . .

COTTO L PEZ, v. UNI N DE TRABAJADORES DE LA INDUSTRIA EL CTRICA Y RIEGO, X, Y, Z A, B, C, 392 F. Supp. 3d 263 (D. P.R. 2019)

. . . Supp. 3d 485, 490 (D.P.R. 2015) (Besosa, J.) (citing Negron-Gaztambide v. . . .

R. BRADLEY, v. VILLAGE OF UNIVERSITY PARK, ILLINOIS,, 929 F.3d 875 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Cincinnati , 475 U.S. 469, 485, 106 S.Ct. 1292, 89 L.Ed.2d 452 (1986) ; Monell v. . . . Pembaur , 475 U.S. at 480-81, 485, 106 S.Ct. 1292 (municipality was liable under § 1983 when county prosecutor . . .

GRAVES, I. Y. M. Y. A. Y. v. A. LIOI L. Jr. I. Y. M. Y. A. Y. v. A. L. Jr., 930 F.3d 307 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . J.A. 112, 451-52, 485, 707-08, 762, 815. . . .

ADAMS OUTDOOR ADVERTISING LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, a BY ADAMS OUTDOOR GP, LLC, v. PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, 930 F.3d 199 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Bradford , 485 F.3d 736, 748-54 (3d Cir. 2007). That approach is proper here. . . . Riel , 485 F.3d at 756. . . . Riel , 485 F.3d at 756 (quoting FW/PBS , 493 U.S. at 227, 110 S.Ct. 596 ). . . .

UNIVERSAL CABLE PRODUCTIONS, LLC, a LLC, a v. ATLANTIC SPECIALTY INSURANCE COMPANY, a, 929 F.3d 1143 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . El-Mezain , 664 F.3d 467, 485-86 (5th Cir. 2011) ; see also Estates of Ungar v. . . .

COLLINS, v. UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME DU LAC,, 929 F.3d 830 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Boxer , 845 F.3d 477, 485 (1st Cir. 2017) (different language in parallel ERISA plan provisions on accrual . . .

UNITED STATES v. STRUBBERG,, 929 F.3d 969 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 485 U.S. 58, 63, 108 S.Ct. 883, 99 L.Ed.2d 54 (1988) (cleaned up)). . . . (quoting Mathews , 485 U.S. at 66, 108 S.Ct. 883 (cleaned up)). . . .

TILIJA, v. ATTORNEY GENERAL UNITED STATES, 930 F.3d 165 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Abudu , 485 U.S. 94, 105, 108 S.Ct. 904, 99 L.Ed.2d 90 (1988) ; Sevoian , 290 F.3d at 170. . . .

S. R. NEHAD K. R. v. N. BROWDER, 929 F.3d 1125 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Orange , 485 F.3d 463, 470 (9th Cir. 2007). . . . Blankenhorn , 485 F.3d at 470. . . . Praprotnik , 485 U.S. 112, 121, 108 S.Ct. 915, 99 L.Ed.2d 107 (1988). . . .

OVERBEY v. MAYOR OF BALTIMORE UC MPA D. C. s E. W., 930 F.3d 215 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Of Albemarle , 524 F.3d 485, 491 (4th Cir. 2008) (quoting Stanley v. . . .

PRIME RATE PREMIUM FINANCE CORPORATION, INC. v. E. LARSON, A., 930 F.3d 759 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ctr., Inc. , 485 U.S. 80, 84-86, 108 S.Ct. 896, 99 L.Ed.2d 75 (1988). . . . Court's due-process cases in the default-judgment context have focused on notice and tradition, Peralta , 485 . . .

CURRY- MALCOLM, v. ROCHESTER CITY SCHOOL DISTRICT,, 389 F. Supp. 3d 189 (W.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Starr , 94 U.S. 477, 485, 24 L. Ed. 276 (1876) ). . . .