The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XXXII
REGULATION OF PROFESSIONS AND OCCUPATIONS

Chapter 488
COMMERCIAL DRIVING SCHOOLS

View Entire Chapter

CHAPTER 488

COMMERCIAL DRIVING SCHOOLS

488.01 License to engage in business of operating a driver school required.

488.02 Rules and regulations.

488.03 License; application; expiration; renewal; fees.

488.04 Driver training school instructors; certificates; qualifications.

488.045 Agents for commercial driving school; identification cards.

488.05 Driver school vehicle identification certificates.

488.06 Revocation or suspension of license or certificate.

488.07 Penalties for violation.

488.08 Disposition of revenues; budget.

488.01 License to engage in business of operating a driver school required.—The Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles shall oversee and license all commercial driver schools except truck driving schools. All commercial truck driving schools shall be required to be licensed pursuant to chapter 1005, and additionally shall be subject to the provisions of ss. 488.04 and 488.05. No person, group, organization, institution, business entity, or corporate entity may engage in the business of operating a driver school without first obtaining a license therefor from the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles pursuant to this chapter or from the Commission for Independent Education pursuant to chapter 1005.

History.—s. 1, ch. 28142, 1953; ss. 24, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 1, 10, 11, ch. 84-150; s. 46, ch. 89-344; s. 4, ch. 91-429; s. 39, ch. 98-421; s. 1027, ch. 2002-387; s. 17, ch. 2004-41.

488.02 Rules and regulations.—The Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles has authority to adopt rules pursuant to ss. 120.536(1) and 120.54 to implement the provisions of this chapter.

History.—s. 2, ch. 28142, 1953; ss. 24, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 2, 10, 11, ch. 84-150; s. 4, ch. 91-429; s. 159, ch. 98-200.

488.03 License; application; expiration; renewal; fees.—An application for a license shall be made in the form prescribed by the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles. Every application for an original license must be accompanied by an application fee of $50, which fee may not be refunded. If the application is approved, a further fee of $200 must be paid before the license may be issued. The license shall be valid for a period of 1 year from the date of issuance and is not transferable. In the event of any change in ownership or interest in the business, an application for a new license, together with all instructors’ certificates issued thereunder, must be surrendered to the department before a license will be issued to a new owner of the business. The fee for the annual renewal of a license is $100.

History.—s. 3, ch. 28142, 1953; s. 1, ch. 61-281; s. 1, ch. 63-21; ss. 24, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 3, 10, 11, ch. 84-150; s. 4, ch. 91-429.

488.04 Driver training school instructors; certificates; qualifications.—

(1) No person shall receive compensation for giving instructions in the operation of motor vehicles or act in the capacity of a professional driver training school instructor in this state without first obtaining an instructor’s certificate issued for such purpose by the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles. An application for a certificate shall be made in the form prescribed by the department. The fee for the initial application is $25, which is not refundable. The fee for the annual renewal of a certificate is $10. A certificate is valid for use only in connection with the business of the driver school or schools listed on the certificate by the department or in connection with a driver education course offered by a district school board. An applicant for an instructor’s certificate shall be required to take special eye tests, written tests, and road tests and to furnish proof of his or her qualifications and ability as an instructor.

(2) The Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles may issue a duplicate certificate only upon receipt of an affidavit stating that the original certificate was physically destroyed, but may not issue a duplicate certificate for any other loss of the original certificate. The fee for issuance of a duplicate certificate is $2.

History.—s. 4, ch. 28142, 1953; ss. 24, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 31, ch. 75-284; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 4, 10, 11, ch. 84-150; s. 4, ch. 91-429; s. 479, ch. 97-103.

488.045 Agents for commercial driving school; identification cards.—A person may not serve in the capacity of an agent for a commercial driving school without first obtaining an agent identification card issued for such purpose by the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles. An application for a card shall be made in the form prescribed by the department. The fee for the initial application is $25, which is not refundable. The fee for the annual renewal of a card is $10. A card is valid for use only in connection with the business of the driver school or schools listed on the card by the department.

History.—ss. 5, 11, ch. 84-150; s. 4, ch. 91-429.

488.05 Driver school vehicle identification certificates.—A motor vehicle owned or controlled by a driver school may not be used for the purpose of giving driving instructions until the licensee has obtained a school vehicle identification certificate from the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles, which certificate shall be carried in such vehicle at all times. An application for an initial certificate shall be accompanied by a fee of $15, which is not refundable. The fee for the annual renewal of a certificate is $10. A school vehicle certificate will not be issued by the department unless the vehicle is equipped in accordance with safety requirements established by the department.

History.—s. 5, ch. 28142, 1953; ss. 24, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 6, 10, 11, ch. 84-150; s. 4, ch. 91-429.

488.06 Revocation or suspension of license or certificate.—The Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles may suspend or revoke any license or certificate issued under the provisions of this chapter if the holder of the license or certificate or an instructor, agent, or employee of the commercial driving school has:

(1) Violated the provisions of this chapter;

(2) Been convicted of, pled no contest to, or had adjudication withheld for any felony offense or misdemeanor offense, as shown by a fingerprint-based criminal background check, the cost of which must be borne by the applicant, instructor, agent, or employee;

(3) Committed any fraud or willful misrepresentation in applying for or obtaining a license; or

(4) Solicited business on any premises, including parking areas, used by the department or a tax collector for the purpose of licensing drivers.

For purposes of subsection (2), fingerprints shall be submitted by the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles to the Florida Department of Law Enforcement for state processing, and the Florida Department of Law Enforcement shall forward them to the Federal Bureau of Investigation for national processing. The Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles shall screen the background check results to determine if an applicant, instructor, agency, or employee meets licensure or certification requirements.

History.—s. 6, ch. 28142, 1953; ss. 24, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 7, 10, 11, ch. 84-150; s. 4, ch. 91-429; s. 41, ch. 2010-223.

488.07 Penalties for violation.—A person who violates any of the provisions of this chapter or any of the rules or regulations promulgated hereunder is guilty of a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

History.—s. 7, ch. 28142, 1953; s. 441, ch. 71-136; s. 2, ch. 81-318; ss. 8, 10, 11, ch. 84-150; s. 4, ch. 91-429.

488.08 Disposition of revenues; budget.—All moneys received from the application for, or from the issuance of, licenses and certificates under this chapter shall be deposited into the General Revenue Fund. The Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles shall include an amount in its legislative budget request sufficient for the proper administration of the provisions of this chapter.

History.—ss. 9, 11, ch. 84-150; s. 4, ch. 91-429.

F.S. 488 on Google Scholar

F.S. 488 on Casetext

Amendments to 488

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 488

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

S488.01 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - OPERATE COMML DRIVING SCHOOL WO LIC - M: F

S488.045 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - AGENT FOR COMMERC DRIVE SCHOOL WO AGNT ID CARD - M: F

S488.05 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - USE DRIVE SCHOOL VEH WO VEH ID CERTIFICATE - M: F

S488.07 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - VIOLATE COMMERCIAL DRIVING SCHOOL LAW - M: F

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

BARNES, v. AHLMAN,, 140 S. Ct. 2620 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . * * * At the time of the injunction, there were nearly 3,000 inmates still in the Jail's care, 488 . . .

LITTLE SISTERS OF THE POOR SAINTS PETER AND PAUL HOME, v. PENNSYLVANIA, J. v., 140 S. Ct. 2367 (U.S. 2020)

. . . United States , 488 U.S. 361, 372, 109 S.Ct. 647, 102 L.Ed.2d 714 (1989). . . .

P. BARR, v. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF POLITICAL CONSULTANTS, INC., 140 S. Ct. 2335 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Mellon , 262 U.S. 447, 488, 43 S.Ct. 597, 67 L.Ed. 1078 (1923). . . .

ESPINOZA, v. MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE,, 140 S. Ct. 2246 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Rev. 479, 487-488 (2015). See Jeffries & Ryan 300. . . .

JUNE MEDICAL SERVICES L. L. C. v. RUSSO, v. LLC., 140 S. Ct. 2103 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Littleton , 414 U.S. 488, 501-502, 94 S.Ct. 669, 38 L.Ed.2d 674 (1974) ; Winter v. . . . Lee Optical of Okla., Inc. , 348 U.S. 483, 488, 75 S.Ct. 461, 99 L.Ed. 563 (1955). . . .

SEILA LAW LLC, v. CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, 140 S. Ct. 2183 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Mellon , 262 U.S. 447, 488, 43 S.Ct. 597, 67 L.Ed. 1078 (1923) ; see Marbury v. . . . Id. , at 487-488, 72 S.Ct. 800. That is exactly what happened in Humphrey's Executor . . . . Mellon , 262 U.S. 447, 488, 43 S.Ct. 597, 67 L.Ed. 1078 (1923). . . . United States , 488 U.S. 361, 385, 109 S.Ct. 647, 102 L.Ed.2d 714 (1989) ("[M]ere anomaly or innovation . . .

C. LIU, v. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, 140 S. Ct. 1936 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Scribner , 144 U.S. 488, 12 S.Ct. 734, 36 L.Ed. 514 (1892), a copyright case. . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, J. v., 140 S. Ct. 1891 (U.S. 2020)

. . . See 525 U.S. at 488, 119 S.Ct. 936 (holding that "an alien unlawfully in this country has no constitutional . . . United States , 488 U.S. 361, 372, 109 S.Ct. 647, 102 L.Ed.2d 714 (1989), Congress put in place intricate . . . Hospital , 488 U.S. 204, 208, 109 S.Ct. 468, 102 L.Ed.2d 493 (1988). . . .

GE ENERGY POWER CONVERSION FRANCE SAS, CORP. SAS, v. OUTOKUMPU STAINLESS USA, LLC,, 140 S. Ct. 1637 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Board of Trustees of Leland Stanford Junior Univ. , 489 U.S. 468, 479, 109 S.Ct. 1248, 103 L.Ed.2d 488 . . . Board of Trustees of Leland Stanford Junior Univ. , 489 U.S. 468, 474, 109 S.Ct. 1248, 103 L.Ed.2d 488 . . .

OPATI, v. REPUBLIC OF SUDAN,, 140 S. Ct. 1601 (U.S. 2020)

. . . See id., at 487-488, 103 S.Ct. 1962. . . . Id ., at 488, 103 S.Ct. 1962. . . .

GEORGIA, v. PUBLIC. RESOURCE. ORG, INC., 140 S. Ct. 1498 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Mellon , 262 U.S. 447, 488, 43 S.Ct. 597, 67 L.Ed. 1078 (1923), and sometimes making the applicable law . . . Mellon , 262 U.S. at 488, 43 S.Ct. 597 ; see Patchak v. . . .

NEW YORK STATE RIFLE PISTOL ASSOCIATION, INC. v. CITY OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK,, 140 S. Ct. 1525 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Croson Co. , 488 U.S. 469, 478, n. 1, 109 S.Ct. 706, 102 L.Ed.2d 854 (1989) (holding that expiration . . .

RAMOS, v. LOUISIANA, 140 S. Ct. 1390 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Croson Co. , 488 U.S. 469, 109 S.Ct. 706, 102 L.Ed.2d 854 (1989) ; Bakke , 438 U.S. 265, 98 S.Ct. 2733 . . .

T. WALTNER, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE s, 140 S. Ct. 2706 (U.S. 2020)

. . . No. 19-488. Supreme Court of the United States. April 20, 2020 The petition for rehearing is denied. . . .

BABB, v. WILKIE,, 140 S. Ct. 1168 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Potter , 553 U.S. 474, 488, 128 S.Ct. 1931, 170 L.Ed.2d 887 (2008). . . . See Gómez-Pérez , 553 U.S. at 488, 128 S.Ct. 1931. . . .

K. KAHLER, v. KANSAS, 140 S. Ct. 1021 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Crenshaw , 98 Wash.2d 789, 799, 659 P.2d 488, 494 (1983) (" '[S]ince by far the vast majority of cases . . . M. 488, 490, 565 P. 2d 658, 660 (1977). . . . Crenshaw , 98 Wash.2d 789, 794-795, 659 P.2d 488, 492-493 (1983) ; Ark. . . .

SHULAR, v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 779 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Thomas , 560 U.S. 474, 488, 130 S.Ct. 2499, 177 L.Ed.2d 1 (2010) ; Dolan v. . . .

T. WALTNER, v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE., 140 S. Ct. 1106 (U.S. 2020)

. . . No. 19-488 Supreme Court of the United States. . . .

EAST BAY SANCTUARY COVENANT, v. BARR,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 974 (N.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . Earth Island Inst. , 555 U.S. 488, 129 S.Ct. 1142, 173 L.Ed.2d 1 (2009) ; see also Regents of the Univ . . .

ANIMAL LEGAL DEFENSE FUND v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 935 F.3d 858 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Earth Island Inst. , 555 U.S. 488, 499, 129 S.Ct. 1142, 173 L.Ed.2d 1 (2009) ; Ruhrgas AG v. . . . DOJ ("CREW II "), 922 F.3d 480, 484, 488 (D.C. Cir. 2019) ; Jordan v. DOJ , 591 F.2d 753, 756 (D.C. . . .

UNITED STATES v. LILLARD,, 935 F.3d 827 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Thomas , 560 U.S. 474, 488, 130 S.Ct. 2499, 177 L.Ed.2d 1 (2010). . . . Bass , 404 U.S. 336, 348, 92 S.Ct. 515, 30 L.Ed.2d 488 (1971). . . .

SELECT SPECIALTY HOSPITAL- DENVER, INC. v. M. AZAR II, U. S., 391 F. Supp. 3d 53 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Hosp. , 488 U.S. 204, 208, 109 S.Ct. 468, 102 L.Ed.2d 493 (1988) ). . . .

PEREZ- SANCHEZ, v. U. S. ATTORNEY GENERAL,, 935 F.3d 1148 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Att'y Gen., 488 F.3d 884, 890 (11th Cir. 2007) (per curiam). . . .

RAWA, A. W. Jr. v. MONSANTO COMPANY, v., 934 F.3d 862 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Highway Express, Inc. , 488 F.2d 714, 719-20 (5th Cir. 1974)." . . .

STONE, v. TROY CONSTRUCTION, LLC, 935 F.3d 141 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . DHS , 488 F.3d 178, 185 (3d Cir. 2007) (holding that a particular requirement articulated in a prior . . .

BACA v. COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF STATE, G. T. L. M., 935 F.3d 887 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Littleton , 414 U.S. 488, 495-96, 94 S.Ct. 669, 38 L.Ed.2d 674 (1974). . . .

BURKE, v. REGALADO, v., 935 F.3d 960 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Justin Combs Publ'g , 507 F.3d 470, 488-89 (6th Cir. 2007) (vacating $3.5 million punitive damages award . . .

TURCO v. CITY OF ENGLEWOOD, NEW JERSEY,, 935 F.3d 155 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 488, 134 S.Ct. 2518 (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting Meyer v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. PARKINS,, 935 F.3d 63 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Bass, 404 U.S. 336, 348, 92 S.Ct. 515, 30 L.Ed.2d 488 (1971). . . .

AMAZON. COM, INC. v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE,, 934 F.3d 976 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . EPA , 488 F.3d 1088, 1097 (9th Cir. 2007). . . .

JIE FANG Li v. DIRECTOR UNITED STATES IMMIGRATION CUSTOMS ENFORCEMENT, 935 F.3d 172 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Sec'y of Finance , 876 F.3d 481, 488 n.9 (3d Cir. 2017) 5 U.S.C. § 704. Bennett v. . . . Standard Oil Co. of Cal. , 449 U.S. 232, 239, 101 S.Ct. 488, 66 L.Ed.2d 416 (1980) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. GLENN,, 935 F.3d 313 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Youngblood , 488 U.S. 51, 109 S.Ct. 333, 102 L.Ed.2d 281 (1988). . . . See Youngblood , 488 U.S. at 57, 109 S.Ct. 333. . . . Youngblood , 488 U.S. at 57, 109 S.Ct. 333 (emphasis added). . . .

WAL- MART STORES, INCORPORATED L. L. C. s v. TEXAS ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE COMMISSION, 935 F.3d 362 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Granholm , 544 U.S. at 488-89, 125 S.Ct. 1885 (quotation marks omitted). . . .

LILLY, v. CITY OF NEW YORK NYPD No. NYPD No., 934 F.3d 222 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 168-69. 488 F.2d 714 (5th Cir. 1974), abrogated on other grounds by Blanchard v. . . . Arbor Hill, 522 F.3d at 186 n.3 (citing Johnson , 488 F.2d at 717-19 ). 461 U.S. 424, 103 S.Ct. 1933, . . .

CHABAD LUBAVITCH OF LITCHFIELD COUNTY, INC. v. LITCHFIELD HISTORIC DISTRICT COMMISSION,, 934 F.3d 238 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Stewart , 488 U.S. 1, 109 S.Ct. 202, 102 L.Ed.2d 1 (1988), is unavailing. . . .

ARCHER AND WHITE SALES, INCORPORATED, v. HENRY SCHEIN, INCORPORATED L. L. C. L. L. C., 935 F.3d 274 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Henry Schein, Inc. , 878 F.3d 488 (2017), rev'd , --- U.S. ----, 139 S. . . . Of Trustees of Leland Stanford Junior Univ. , 489 U.S. 468, 478, 109 S.Ct. 1248, 103 L.Ed.2d 488 (1989 . . .

J. MALOUF, v. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION,, 933 F.3d 1248 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Parks , 494 U.S. 484, 488, 110 S.Ct. 1257, 108 L.Ed.2d 415 (1990) (stating that a rule is not new if . . .

M. RODEN, v. COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY,, 389 F. Supp. 3d 548 (S.D. Ohio 2019)

. . . Appx. 488, 494 (6th Cir. 2011) (finding that "the word 'better'... did not provide the ALJ with substantial . . .

IRIDESCENT NETWORKS, INC. v. AT T MOBILITY, LLC,, 933 F.3d 1345 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Corp. , 488 F.3d 982, 993-94 (Fed. . . .

BASTARDO- VALE, v. ATTORNEY GENERAL UNITED STATES, 934 F.3d 255 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Att'y Gen., 691 F.3d 488, 494 (3d Cir. 2012). . . .

DINAPLES, v. MRS BPO, LLC MRS BPO, LLC,, 934 F.3d 275 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Collections Enter., Inc., 377 F.3d 488, 493 (5th Cir. 2004). . . .

UNITED STATES E. J. v. ASSA CO. LTD., 934 F.3d 185 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . that "the FSIA [is] the sole basis for obtaining jurisdiction over a foreign state in our courts." 488 . . . Amerada Hess , 488 U.S. at 434, 109 S.Ct. 683 (emphasis added). . . . Id. at 488, 103 S.Ct. 1962. . . . Amerada Hess , 488 U.S. at 434, 109 S.Ct. 683 (emphasis added). . . .

PATEL, v. FACEBOOK, INC., 932 F.3d 1264 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Cohn , 420 U.S. 469, 488, 95 S.Ct. 1029, 43 L.Ed.2d 328 (1975) (noting that a right of privacy had been . . .

UNITED STATES v. PEDROZA- ROCHA,, 933 F.3d 490 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Littleton , 414 U.S. 488, 497, 94 S.Ct. 669, 38 L.Ed.2d 674 (1974) ). . . .

DUMONT, v. REILY FOODS COMPANY, 934 F.3d 35 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Philip Morris Cos., 442 Mass. 381, 813 N.E.2d 476, 488 (2004). . . . Aspinall, 813 N.E.2d at 488. . . . Philip Morris Cos., 442 Mass. 381, 813 N.E.2d 476, 488 (2004) (emphasis added); see Edlow v. . . .

ADLER, v. SPI SOLAR, INC. SPI Co., 391 F. Supp. 3d 303 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Signed August 8, 2019 MARION & ALLEN, P.C., 488 Madison Avenue, Suite 1120, New York, New York 10022 . . .

In MATTER OF SHERWIN ALUMINA COMPANY, L. L. C. v. L. L. C. INC., 932 F.3d 404 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . In re Soileau , 488 F.3d 302, 305 (5th Cir. 2007) (quoting Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co. v. . . . Id . at 450, 124 S.Ct. 1905 ; In re Soileau , 488 F.3d at 307 ("[A]n in rem bankruptcy proceeding brought . . .

A. JALUDI, v. CITIGROUP, 933 F.3d 246 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Bd. of Trs. , 489 U.S. 468, 475, 109 S.Ct. 1248, 103 L.Ed.2d 488 (1989). . . .

TEXAS, v. EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION EEOC P. U. S., 933 F.3d 433 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Earth Island Inst. , 555 U.S. 488, 496, 129 S.Ct. 1142, 173 L.Ed.2d 1 (2009) (emphasis omitted). . . .

IN RE GOOGLE INC. COOKIE PLACEMENT CONSUMER PRIVACY LITIGATION H., 934 F.3d 316 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Honeywell Int'l, Inc. , 861 F.3d 481, 488 (3d Cir. 2017). . . .

CANT v. M. MOODY S. S., 933 F.3d 414 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Alexander , 575 F.2d 488 (5th Cir. 1978) (per curiam), we concluded § 1983 and § 1985 "provide a remedy . . .

DIALYSIS ACCESS CENTER, LLC Tr M. D. v. RMS LIFELINE, INC., 932 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Bd. of Tr., 489 U.S. 468, 479, 109 S.Ct. 1248, 103 L.Ed.2d 488 (1989) (citing Mitsubishi Motors Corp. . . .

PENNSYLVANIA NATIONAL MUTUAL CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY, v. BEACH MART, INC. L L, 932 F.3d 268 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Co. , 346 N.C. 741, 488 S.E.2d 234, 239 (1997) (recognizing that "slogan infringement" is a "claim[ ] . . .

HENDRICKSON USA, LLC. v. NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD,, 932 F.3d 465 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . NLRB , 340 U.S. 474, 488, 71 S.Ct. 456, 95 L.Ed. 456 (1951). . . . NLRB , 340 U.S. 474, 488, 71 S.Ct. 456, 95 L.Ed. 456 (1951) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. PORTER,, 933 F.3d 226 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Broce , 488 U.S. 563, 575, 109 S.Ct. 757, 102 L.Ed.2d 927 (1989) ). . . . Ct. at 806 (quoting Broce , 488 U.S. at 575, 109 S.Ct. 757 ). . . .

YOC- US, v. ATTORNEY GENERAL UNITED STATES v., 932 F.3d 98 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . INS , 38 F.3d 488, 493 (9th Cir. 1994) ) (internal quotation marks omitted). . . .

AMERICAN TUNABOAT ASSOCIATION, v. ROSS, 391 F. Supp. 3d 98 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Earth Island Inst. , 555 U.S. 488, 497, 129 S.Ct. 1142, 173 L.Ed.2d 1 (2009). . . .

DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE, v. RUSSIAN FEDERATION, 392 F. Supp. 3d 410 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Amerada Hess Shipping Corp., 488 U.S. 428, 434-39, 109 S.Ct. 683, 102 L.Ed.2d 818 (1989) )). . . . Amerada Hess Shipping Corp., 488 U.S. at 439-40, 109 S.Ct. 683. . . .

SMITH, v. TRAVELERS CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA,, 932 F.3d 302 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Hall , 488 S.W.2d 412, 414 (Tex. 1972) ] ("One who undergoes a vasectomy ... and then after tests is . . .

UNITED STATES v. D. WISEMAN, Jr., 932 F.3d 411 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Montanez , 442 F.3d 485, 488 (6th Cir. 2006). . . .

DEXTER, a k a v. DEALOGIC, LLC,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 233 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Supp. 3d 488, 496 (D. . . .

IN RE HOME DEPOT INC. O v. U. S. A., 931 F.3d 1065 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Highway Express, Inc. , 488 F.2d 714 (5th Cir. 1974), where the Fifth Circuit articulated twelve factors . . .

HUPP R. H. a v. COOK C. R., 931 F.3d 307 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Cephas , 254 F.3d 488, 494-95 (4th Cir. 2001) (citing United States v. . . .

PLANNED PARENTHOOD SOUTHWEST OHIO REGION v. DEWINE, 931 F.3d 530 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Georgia Highway Express, Inc. , 488 F.2d 714 (5th Cir 1974), and endorsed by Congress when it passed . . . the professional relationship between the attorney and the client; and (12) awards in similar cases. 488 . . .

PETERSON, v. HEYMES,, 931 F.3d 546 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Youngblood , 488 U.S. 51, 58, 109 S.Ct. 333, 102 L.Ed.2d 281 (1988) ); Anderson v. . . .

In MATTER OF BENJAMIN, v., 932 F.3d 293 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . of their § 1332 diversity jurisdiction to hear claims arising under the Medicare Act. 903 F.2d 480, 488 . . . Id. at 488. . . . Id. at 488-89 (citing Pub. L. No. 98-369, § 2663(a)(4)(D), 98 Stat. 494, 1162 (1984)). . . .

UNITED STATES v. RODRIGUEZ- SORIANO, a k a a k a, 931 F.3d 281 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 371 U.S. 471, 488-89, 83 S.Ct. 407, 9 L.Ed.2d 441 (1963) ); see also United States v. . . .

STATE BY AND THROUGH TENNESSEE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE,, 931 F.3d 499 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Earth Island Inst. , 555 U.S. 488, 493, 129 S.Ct. 1142, 173 L.Ed.2d 1 (2009) ) (emphasis in original) . . .

KOALA, v. KHOSLA,, 931 F.3d 887 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Dennison , 488 F.3d 816 (9th Cir. 2007), is misplaced. . . .

UNITED STATES v. IWAI,, 930 F.3d 1141 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ojeda , 276 F.3d 486, 488 (9th Cir. 2002) (per curiam) (quoting United States v. . . . Ojeda , 276 F.3d at 488. . . . See Ojeda , 276 F.3d at 488. . . . See Dissent at 1156-58; Ojeda , 276 F.3d at 488. . . . Ojeda , 276 F.3d 486, 488 (9th Cir. 2002) ; see Kirkpatrick , 843 F.3d at 791 ; United States v. . . . Ojeda , 276 F.3d at 488. In Kentucky v. . . .

CROWLEY MARITIME CORPORATION, v. NATIONAL UNION FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF PITTSBURGH, PA,, 931 F.3d 1112 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Leavitt, 488 F.3d 904, 911 (11th Cir. 2007). . . . Leavitt, 488 F.3d at 911 ; see also Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a). . . .

UNITED STATES v. A. WILLIAMS,, 931 F.3d 570 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Williams , 488 F.3d 1004, 1009 (D.C. Cir. 2007) (attempt); United States v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. MCKOWN,, 930 F.3d 721 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id . at 488, 493, 100 S.Ct. 1254. . . .

WOOD GROUP PRODUCTION SERVICES, v. DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF WORKERS COMPENSATION PROGRAMS, A., 930 F.3d 733 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 488. . . . he accident did not occur on the portion of the platform used to dock the two vessels." 370 F.3d at 488 . . .

CORBETT, v. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION,, 930 F.3d 1225 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Littleton, 414 U.S. 488, 494, 94 S.Ct. 669, 38 L.Ed.2d 674 (1974) ). . . .

ACE AMERICAN INSURANCE COMPANY, a v. WATTLES COMPANY, a, 930 F.3d 1240 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Leavitt, 488 F.3d 904, 911 (11th Cir. 2007). . . .

SMITH, v. GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION,, 930 F.3d 1359 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . NLRB , 340 U.S. 474, 478, 488, 71 S.Ct. 456, 95 L.Ed. 456 (1951). . . . Id. at 488, 71 S.Ct. 456. . . .

F. WORTHY, D. Co. v. CITY OF PHENIX CITY, ALABAMA,, 930 F.3d 1206 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 522 U.S. 93, 99, 118 S.Ct. 488, 139 L.Ed.2d 450 (1997). . . . See Hudson , 522 U.S. at 99, 118 S.Ct. 488 ("Even in those cases where the legislature has indicated . . . These factors are considered "in relation to the statute on its face," id. at 100, 118 S.Ct. 488 (quoting . . . [it] criminal despite [the Alabama legislature's] intent to the contrary.' " Id. at 104, 118 S.Ct. 488 . . . render the money penalties ... criminally punitive.' " (quoting Hudson , 522 U.S. at 105, 118 S.Ct. 488 . . .

RAYNA P. v. CAMPUS COMMUNITY SCHOOL, M. P. v., 390 F. Supp. 3d 556 (D. Del. 2019)

. . . Collingswood Borough Bd. of Educ. , 694 F.3d 488, 501 (3d Cir. 2012). . . .

CHACOTY, v. POMPEO, U. S., 392 F. Supp. 3d 1 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Hosp. , 488 U.S. 204, 208, 109 S.Ct. 468, 102 L.Ed.2d 493 (1988), and that, in the context of adjudication . . .

VUGO, INC. v. CITY OF NEW YORK,, 931 F.3d 42 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Rubin , 514 U.S. at 488, 115 S.Ct. 1585. . . . Id. at 488, 489, 115 S.Ct. 1585. . . . Id. at 488, 115 S.Ct. 1585 (emphasis added). . . .

MADDEN, v. JUST BELIEVE RECOVERY CENTER, LLC,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 1121 (S.D. Fla. 2019)

. . . Dugger, 847 F.2d 745, 749-50 (11th Cir. 1988), cert. denied, 488 U.S. 958, 109 S.Ct. 397, 102 L.Ed.2d . . .

A. SEVER, v. CITY OF SALEM,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 299 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Earth Island Inst., 555 U.S. 488, 492-93, 129 S.Ct. 1142, 173 L.Ed.2d 1 (2009) ). . . .

IN RE GILMAN, R. R. a v. R. R. a v., 603 B.R. 437 (B.A.P. 9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Zamani , 488 F.3d 1057, 1060 (9th Cir. 2007) ; Fed. R. Bankr. P. 7069. . . . for post-judgment attorney fee motions set forth in the [California Enforcement of Judgments Law]." 488 . . . See Carnes , 488 F.3d at 1061 ("Because their right to recover post-judgment attorney fees is dependent . . .

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO. LTD. v. INFOBRIDGE PTE. LTD., 929 F.3d 1363 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Earth Island Inst. , 555 U.S. 488, 499, 129 S.Ct. 1142, 173 L.Ed.2d 1 (2009). . . .

RICHARDSON, v. THOMAS,, 930 F.3d 587 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Richardson, 346 N.C. 520, 488 S.E.2d 148 (1997), and the Supreme Court denied certiorari, Richardson . . .

IN RE TS EMPLOYMENT, INC. S. TS v. LLP, 603 B.R. 700 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Hampton Affiliates, Inc. , 66 N.Y.2d 782, 497 N.Y.S.2d 898, 488 N.E.2d 828 (1985) ). . . .

IN RE J. TRUMP, D. H., 928 F.3d 360 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Earth Island Inst. , 555 U.S. 488, 492-93, 129 S.Ct. 1142, 173 L.Ed.2d 1 (2009) (cleaned up). . . .

CIVIL BEAT LAW CENTER FOR THE PUBLIC INTEREST, INC. v. CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL PREVENTION,, 929 F.3d 1079 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Littleton , 414 U.S. 488, 495-96, 94 S.Ct. 669, 38 L.Ed.2d 674 (1974). . . . Judicial Council , 488 F.3d 1065, 1069 (9th Cir. 2007). . . .

UNITED STATES v. PAYANO,, 930 F.3d 186 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 488 U.S. 361, 363, 109 S.Ct. 647, 102 L.Ed.2d 714 (1989). . . .

A. L. v. STATE, 275 So. 3d 819 (Fla. App. Ct. 2019)

. . . State, 488 So. 2d 595, 598 (Fla. 1st DCA 1986) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. WILLIAMS,, 930 F.3d 44 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . See 488 U.S. 153, 171-72, 109 S.Ct. 439, 102 L.Ed.2d 445 (1988) ; 21A Graham, supra , § 5073 n.1 (stating . . .

SAMANTHA S. v. COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY,, 385 F. Supp. 3d 174 (N.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . NLRB , 340 U.S. 474, 488, 71 S.Ct. 456, 95 L.Ed. 456 (1951) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. FIGUEROA- FIGUEROA,, 388 F. Supp. 3d 70 (D. P.R. 2019)

. . . United States, 371 U.S. 471, 488, 83 S.Ct. 407, 9 L.Ed.2d 441 (1963)). . . .

LLOYD S SYNDICATE v. FLOATEC LLC,, 388 F. Supp. 3d 835 (S.D. Tex. 2019)

. . . Supp. 3d 480, 488 (W.D. . . . Darwin Nat'l Assurance Co. , 851 F.3d 473, 488 (5th Cir. 2017) (quotation omitted). . . .

BRUCKER, v. CITY OF DORAVILLE, a, 391 F. Supp. 3d 1207 (N.D. Ga. 2019)

. . . Berryhill, 411 U.S. 564, 93 S.Ct. 1689, 36 L.Ed.2d 488 (1973) (invalidating a system in which a board . . .

CITY OF HEARNE, TEXAS, v. JOHNSON, v. F. Jr., 929 F.3d 298 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of League City , 488 F.3d 613, 617 (5th Cir. 2007). . . . Earth Island Inst. , 555 U.S. 488, 496, 129 S.Ct. 1142, 173 L.Ed.2d 1 (2009). . . . Earth Island Institute , 555 U.S. 488, 129 S.Ct. 1142, 173 L.Ed.2d 1 (2009). . . .

MILWAUKEE CENTER FOR INDEPENDENCE, INC. v. MILWAUKEE HEALTH CARE, LLC,, 929 F.3d 489 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Delles , 45 Wis. 484, 488-89 (Wis. 1878) ; 68 Am. Jur. 2d Secured Transactions § 203. . . .

UNITED STATES v. AFRIYIE,, 929 F.3d 63 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Rainey , 488 U.S. 153, 168, 109 S.Ct. 439, 102 L.Ed.2d 445 (1988). . . .

RODRIGUEZ v. U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE, 387 F. Supp. 3d 130 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Earth Island Inst. , 555 U.S. 488, 496, 129 S.Ct. 1142, 173 L.Ed.2d 1 (2009) (cleaned up). . . .