The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XXXIII
REGULATION OF TRADE, COMMERCE, INVESTMENTS, AND SOLICITATIONS

Chapter 521
MOTOR VEHICLE LEASE DISCLOSURE

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CHAPTER 521

MOTOR VEHICLE LEASE DISCLOSURE

521.001 Short title.

521.002 Applicability.

521.003 Definitions.

521.004 Disclosures.

521.005 Trade-in vehicle.

521.006 Civil remedies.

521.001 Short title.—Sections 521.001-521.006 may be cited as the “Motor Vehicle Lease Disclosure Act.”

History.—s. 1, ch. 95-350.

521.002 Applicability.—Sections 521.001-521.006 do not supersede applicable federal law, including the federal Truth in Lending Act, 15 U.S.C. ss. 1601 et seq.; the rules adopted under the federal Truth in Lending Act; or any state law, including the Uniform Commercial Code.

History.—s. 2, ch. 95-350.

521.003 Definitions.—As used in ss. 521.001-521.006, the term:

(1) “Adjusted or net capitalized cost” means the capitalized cost, less any capitalized cost-reduction payments made by the retail lessee at the inception of the lease agreement. The adjusted or net capitalized cost shall serve as the basis for calculating the amount of the retail lessee’s periodic payment under the lease agreement.

(2) “Capitalized cost” means the agreed-upon total amount which, after deducting any capitalized cost reductions, serves as the basis for calculating the amount of the periodic payment under the lease agreement. The capitalized cost may include, without limitation:

(a) Taxes.

(b) Registration fees.

(d) Insurance charges.

(e) Charges for guaranteed auto protection or GAP coverage.

(f) Charges for service contracts and extended warranties.

(g) Fees and charges for accessories and for installing accessories.

(h) Charges for delivery, service, and repair.

(i) Administrative fees, acquisition fees, and any and all fees or charges for providing services incidental to the lease agreement.

(j) The unpaid balance of any amount financed under an outstanding motor vehicle loan agreement or motor vehicle retail installment contract with respect to a motor vehicle used as a trade-in.

(k) The unpaid portion of the early termination obligation under an outstanding lease agreement.

(l) The first periodic payment due at the inception of the lease agreement.

(3) “Capitalized cost reduction” means a payment made by cash, check, credit card debit, net vehicle trade-in, rebate, or other similar means in the nature of a down payment or credit, made by the retail lessee at the inception of the lease agreement, for the purpose of reducing the capitalized cost and shall not include any periodic payments received by the retail lessor at the inception of the lease agreement.

(4) “Lease agreement” means a written agreement entered into in this state for the transfer from a retail lessor to a retail lessee of the right to possess and use a motor vehicle in exchange for consideration for a scheduled term exceeding 4 months, whether or not the retail lessee has the option to purchase or otherwise become the owner of the motor vehicle upon expiration of the agreement. The term does not include an agreement which covers an absolute sale, a sale pending approval, or a retail installment sale, including a transaction or contract which is governed by the Motor Vehicle Retail Sales Finance Act of Florida.

(5) “Lease transaction” means a presentation made to the retail lessee concerning the motor vehicle, including a sales presentation or a document presented to the retail lessee, resulting in the execution of a lease agreement.

(6) “Motor vehicle” means a motor vehicle of the type and kind required to be registered and titled under chapters 319 and 320, excluding a recreational vehicle, moped, motorcycle powered by a motor with a displacement of 50 cubic centimeters or less, or a mobile home.

(7) “Retail lessee” means an individual who executes a lease agreement for a motor vehicle from a retail lessor primarily for personal, family, or household purposes.

(8) “Retail lessor” means a person who regularly engages in the business of selling or leasing motor vehicles and who offers or arranges a lease agreement for a motor vehicle. The term includes an agent or affiliate who acts on behalf of the retail lessor and excludes any assignee of the lease agreement.

History.—s. 3, ch. 95-350.

521.004 Disclosures.—A retail lessor must:

(1) Disclose to the retail lessee in the lease agreement in a separate blocked section, in capital letters of at least 12-point bold type, with the appropriate amounts specified, as follows:

THIS IS A LEASE AGREEMENT.
THIS IS NOT A PURCHASE AGREEMENT.

PLEASE REVIEW THESE MATTERS CAREFULLY AND SEEK INDEPENDENT PROFESSIONAL ADVICE IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS CONCERNING THIS TRANSACTION. YOU ARE ENTITLED TO AN EXACT COPY OF THE AGREEMENT YOU SIGN.

CAPITALIZED COST $

(Your total cost of goods, services, & fees.)

CAPITALIZED COST REDUCTION $

(Your total credits.)

ADJUSTED OR NET CAPITALIZED COST $

(Your net cost of goods, services, & fees.)

For purposes of this subsection, that portion of the disclosure stating the terms “capitalized cost,” “capitalized cost reduction,” and “adjusted or net capitalized cost,” and the explanations contained in the parentheticals, as well as their respective amounts, are not required to be disclosed if the terms “gross capitalized cost,” “capitalized cost reduction,” and “adjusted capitalized cost” and the descriptions and disclosures set forth and required by the federal Consumer Leasing Act, 15 U.S.C. s. 1667 et seq., and Federal Reserve Board Regulation M. 12 C.F.R. part 213, are set forth elsewhere in the lease agreement.

(2) Provide the retail lessee with a copy of the lease agreement.

History.—s. 4, ch. 95-350; s. 1, ch. 98-128; s. 1, ch. 2005-125.

521.005 Trade-in vehicle.—A trade-in vehicle used to reduce the capitalized cost must be identified as a trade-in vehicle in the lease agreement and identified by year, make, and model. The lease agreement must state the net credit of the trade-in vehicle used to reduce capitalized costs.

History.—s. 5, ch. 95-350.

521.006 Civil remedies.—

(1) A retail lessor who fails to comply with the requirements of this act shall be liable to the retail lessee for actual damages sustained, a civil penalty of up to $1,000 per lease transaction, and reasonable attorney fees and costs.

(2) In addition to any other remedies provided by law, a retail lessee may bring an action in circuit court to recover actual damages sustained, civil penalties up to $1,000 per lease transaction, and reasonable attorney fees and costs.

(3) In addition to any other remedies provided by law except for subsection (2), the Department of Legal Affairs may bring an action in circuit court to recover actual damages sustained and civil penalties up to $1,000 per lease transaction on behalf of a consumer, and reasonable attorney fees and costs.

(4) An action authorized by this section must be brought within 1 year from the date of the last payment under the lease agreement.

(5) A bona fide printing error identified on the face of the lease agreement shall not constitute a violation of this act.

History.—s. 6, ch. 95-350.

F.S. 521 on Google Scholar

F.S. 521 on Casetext

Amendments to 521

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 521

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

S489.521 7b - FRAUD-FALSE STATEMENT - RENUMBERED. SEE REC # 9466 - M: S

S489.521 7c - FRAUD-FALSE STATEMENT - ADVERTISE AS REGISTERED CONTRACTOR - M: S

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

P. BARR, v. LEE,, 140 S. Ct. 2590 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ----, 139 S.Ct. 1112, 1124, 203 L.Ed.2d 521 (2019). . . . S. ----, 139 S.Ct. 1112, 203 L.Ed.2d 521. . . .

J. TRUMP, v. R. VANCE, Jr., 140 S. Ct. 2412 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Minnesota , 232 U.S. 516, 521, 34 S.Ct. 354, 58 L.Ed. 706 (1914). . . .

MCGIRT, v. OKLAHOMA, 140 S. Ct. 2452 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Washburn, American Law of Real Property *521-*524. . . .

P. BARR, v. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF POLITICAL CONSULTANTS, INC., 140 S. Ct. 2335 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Wileman Brothers & Elliott, Inc. , 521 U.S. 457, 469-470, 477, 117 S.Ct. 2130, 138 L.Ed.2d 585 (1997) . . .

ESPINOZA, v. MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE,, 140 S. Ct. 2246 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Leupp , 210 U.S. 50, 78, 28 S.Ct. 690, 52 L.Ed. 954 (1908) ; Gabel, supra , at 521-523. . . . Felton , 521 U.S. 203, 235, 117 S.Ct. 1997, 138 L.Ed.2d 391 (1997). . . .

JUNE MEDICAL SERVICES L. L. C. v. RUSSO, v. LLC., 140 S. Ct. 2103 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Byrd , 521 U.S. 811, 820, 117 S.Ct. 2312, 138 L.Ed.2d 849 (1997) ). 1 Contrary to the plurality's assertion . . . Windsor , 521 U.S. 591, 625, 117 S.Ct. 2231, 138 L.Ed.2d 689 (1997). . . . Gaudin , 515 U.S. 506, 521, 115 S.Ct. 2310, 132 L.Ed.2d 444 (1995) ; Rodriguez de Quijas v. . . . Stat., ch. 521, § 45, p. 588; Colo. (Terr.) Rev. Stat. § 42 (1868); Conn. Gen. . . . Felton , 521 U.S. 203, 215, 117 S.Ct. 1997, 138 L.Ed.2d 391 (1997) (internal quotation marks omitted) . . . United Parcel Service, Inc. , 527 U.S. 516, 521, 119 S.Ct. 2133, 144 L.Ed.2d 484 (1999) (asking, in the . . .

SEILA LAW LLC, v. CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, 140 S. Ct. 2183 (U.S. 2020)

. . . United States , 521 U.S. 898, 922, 117 S.Ct. 2365, 138 L.Ed.2d 914 (1997) ; see also ante , at 2203. . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. THURAISSIGIAM, 140 S. Ct. 1959 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Switzer , 562 U.S. 521, 535, n. 13, 131 S.Ct. 1289, 179 L.Ed.2d 233 (2011). . . . Shauers , 574 U.S. 40, 50, 135 S.Ct. 521, 190 L.Ed.2d 422 (2014) (internal quotation marks and ellipsis . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, J. v., 140 S. Ct. 1891 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Francisco, CA, for Respondents County of, Santa Clara and Service Employees, International Union Local 521 . . . United States Dept. of Homeland Security , 908 F.3d 476, 521-523 (CA9 2018) (Owens, J., concurring in . . .

BOSTOCK, v. CLAYTON COUNTY, GEORGIA v. Jr. Co- R. G. G. R. v., 140 S. Ct. 1731 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Iona College , 521 F.3d 130 (CA2 2008) ; Parr v. Woodmen of World Life Ins. . . .

UNITED STATES FOREST SERVICE, v. COWPASTURE RIVER PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION LLC, v., 140 S. Ct. 1837 (U.S. 2020)

. . . ." § 521. . . . Forest-"shall be permanently reserved, held, and administered as national forest lands." 16 U.S.C. § 521 . . .

ANDRUS v. TEXAS, 140 S. Ct. 1875 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Smith , 539 U.S. 510, 521, 123 S.Ct. 2527, 156 L.Ed.2d 471 (2003) (quoting Strickland , 466 U.S. at 691 . . . circumstances, applying a heavy measure of deference to counsel's judgments.' " Wiggins , 539 U.S. at 521 . . .

J. THOLE, v. U. S. BANK N. A, 140 S. Ct. 1615 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Byrd , 521 U.S. 811, 820, n. 3, 117 S.Ct. 2312, 138 L.Ed.2d 849 (1997). . . .

BANISTER, v. DAVIS,, 140 S. Ct. 1698 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Director, Dept. of Corrections of Ill. , 434 U.S. 257, 98 S.Ct. 556, 54 L.Ed.2d 521 (1978), we addressed . . . Director, Dept. of Corrections of Ill. , 434 U.S. 257, 269, n. 14, 98 S.Ct. 556, 54 L.Ed.2d 521 (1978 . . .

MAINE COMMUNITY HEALTH OPTIONS, v. UNITED STATES v. v. v., 140 S. Ct. 1308 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Byrd , 521 U.S. 811, 815, 117 S.Ct. 2312, 138 L.Ed.2d 849 (1997) (treating legal obligations of the Government . . .

ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY, v. A. CHRISTIAN,, 140 S. Ct. 1335 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Id. , at 84, 408 P.3d at 521. . . .

RAMOS, v. LOUISIANA, 140 S. Ct. 1390 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Steinberg , 419 U.S. 379, 392, 95 S.Ct. 533, 42 L.Ed.2d 521 (1975) (Burger, C. . . . Felton , 521 U.S. 203, 235, 117 S.Ct. 1997, 138 L.Ed.2d 391 (1997). Payne v. . . . Felton , 521 U.S. 203, 117 S.Ct. 1997, 138 L.Ed.2d 391 (1997) ; Seminole Tribe of Fla. v. . . . Agostini , 521 U.S. at 235, 117 S.Ct. 1997. . . . Netherland , 521 U.S. 151, 167-168, 117 S.Ct. 1969, 138 L.Ed.2d 351 (1997) (rejecting retroactivity for . . .

BABB, v. WILKIE,, 140 S. Ct. 1168 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Webster's Third New International Dictionary 905 (def. 4(a)(2)) (1976); 4 Oxford English Dictionary 521 . . .

CITGO ASPHALT REFINING COMPANY, v. FRESCATI SHIPPING COMPANY, LTD., 140 S. Ct. 1081 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Gulf Refining Co. , 79 F.2d 521 (CA2 1935) (per curiam ) (the "charter party was itself an express assurance . . .

L. ALLEN, v. A. COOPER, III,, 140 S. Ct. 994 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Flores , 521 U.S. 507, 519, 117 S.Ct. 2157, 138 L.Ed.2d 624 (1997). . . . Boerne , 521 U.S. at 520, 117 S.Ct. 2157. . . . Boerne , 521 U.S. at 530, 117 S.Ct. 2157. . . . Id., at 646, 119 S.Ct. 2199 (quoting Boerne , 521 U.S. at 532, 117 S.Ct. 2157 ). . . . Boerne , 521 U.S. at 520, 117 S.Ct. 2157. . . .

E. RODRIGUEZ, v. FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION,, 140 S. Ct. 713 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Frommert , 559 U.S. 506, 521-522, 130 S.Ct. 1640, 176 L.Ed.2d 469 (2010) ; Travelers Casualty & Surety . . .

CHARGEPOINT, INC. v. SEMACONNECT, INC., 140 S. Ct. 983 (U.S. 2020)

. . . No. 19-521 Supreme Court of the United States. January 27, 2020 Motion of Jeremy C. . . .

C. ROTKISKE, v. KLEMM,, 140 S. Ct. 355 (U.S. 2019)

. . . Smith Corp. , 521 U.S. 179, 192, 117 S.Ct. 1984, 138 L.Ed.2d 373 (1997). . . .

G NDARA- GORRITZ, v. SCOTIABANK DE PUERTO RICO,, 603 B.R. 871 (D. P.R. 2019)

. . . Pfizer Pharm., LLC, 521 F.3d 76, 81 (1st Cir. 2008) ). . . .

L. SMITH, v. SHARP,, 935 F.3d 1064 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . State, 932 P.2d 521, 526 (Okla. Crim. App. 1996). . . . Oklahoma, 521 U.S. 1124, 117 S.Ct. 2522, 138 L.Ed.2d 1023 (1997). . . .

BIRD, v. i DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SERVICES DHS, R., 935 F.3d 738 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . ... every day that it remained in effect" and thus constituted a continuing violation. 103 F.3d at 521 . . . depriving him every day of his "fundamental constitutional right to intrastate travel." 103 F.3d at 521 . . .

R. PESCI, v. BUDZ, LLC, LLC,, 935 F.3d 1159 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Hendricks , 521 U.S. 346, 369, 117 S.Ct. 2072, 138 L.Ed.2d 501 (1997) (upholding the constitutionality . . . Banks , 548 U.S. 521, 535, 126 S.Ct. 2572, 165 L.Ed.2d 697 (2006) (plurality opinion)). . . .

DYROFF, v. ULTIMATE SOFTWARE GROUP, INC., 934 F.3d 1093 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Roommates.com , 521 F.3d 1157, 1167-69 (9th Cir 2008) (en banc). A. . . . Kimzey , 836 F.3d at 1268 ; see also Roommates.com , 521 F.3d at 1162 n.6 ("[t]oday, the most common . . . See Roommates.com , 521 F.3d at 1161-2, 1165. We answered "no" to this question. . . . Roommates.com , 521 F.3d at 1175 ; see also Kimzey , 836 F.3d at 1269 n.4 (the material contribution . . . App. 4th 521, 531, 107 Cal.Rptr.3d 481 (2010). . . .

SCRIMO, v. LEE,, 935 F.3d 103 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Schulz , 4 N.Y.3d 521, 529, 797 N.Y.S.2d 24, 829 N.E.2d 1192 (2005) ), and that "such a ruling would . . . defendant sought to introduce in order to argue that he (not Schulz) committed the robbery. 4 N.Y.3d 521 . . .

BACA v. COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF STATE, G. T. L. M., 935 F.3d 887 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Raines , 521 U.S. at 821, 117 S.Ct. 2312. . . . Raines , 521 U.S. at 821, 117 S.Ct. 2312. . . . Raines , 521 U.S. at 821, 117 S.Ct. 2312 ; see also id. . . . Raines , 521 U.S. at 829, 117 S.Ct. 2312 ; see also Va. House of Delegates , 139 S. . . . Raines , 521 U.S. at 824 n.7, 117 S.Ct. 2312. . . .

UNITED STATES v. CUEVAS- LOPEZ,, 934 F.3d 1056 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Galicia-Delgado , 130 F.3d 518, 521 (2d Cir. 1997) ("[T]he definitions found in § 4A1.2 have often been . . .

BOWLES, v. DESANTIS,, 934 F.3d 1230 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1112, 1133-34, 203 L.Ed.2d 521 (2019) (lamenting that the State's "interests have been frustrated . . .

UNITED STATES v. MERRITT,, 934 F.3d 809 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Lucas, 521 F.3d 861, 867 (8th Cir. 2008). . . .

SENNE v. KANSAS CITY ROYALS BASEBALL CORP. LLC LLC LP St. LLC LLC LLC LLC L. P. L. P. LLC LLC L. P. AZPB L. P. P LLC LLC LP LLP LLC LLC,, 934 F.3d 918 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Windsor , 521 U.S. 591, 623, 117 S.Ct. 2231, 138 L.Ed.2d 689 (1997) (emphasis added). . . .

FLORES, v. P. BARR, K. U. S. U. S. U. S., 934 F.3d 910 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Dec. 520, 521-22 (B.I.A. 2011). . . .

MENAKER, v. HOFSTRA UNIVERSITY,, 935 F.3d 20 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Iona Coll. , 521 F.3d 130, 143 (2d Cir. 2008) (explaining that a Title VII plaintiff can succeed "even . . . Holcomb , 521 F.3d at 143. See Section C, ante. . . .

BAUGHMAN, v. HICKMAN K. M., 935 F.3d 302 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Houston , 185 F.3d 521, 526 (5th Cir. 1999) (citation omitted). . . .

ZEHENTBAUER FAMILY LAND, LP LP v. CHESAPEAKE EXPLORATION, L. L. C. L. L. C. E P USA,, 935 F.3d 496 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Windsor , 521 U.S. 591, 615, 117 S.Ct. 2231, 138 L.Ed.2d 689 (1997) (citation and internal quotation . . . Behrend , 569 U.S. 27, 34, 133 S.Ct. 1426, 185 L.Ed.2d 515 (2013) (quoting Amchem , 521 U.S. at 615, . . . Amchem , 521 U.S. at 609, 117 S.Ct. 2231. . . .

PIZZUTO, Jr. v. BLADES,, 933 F.3d 1166 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Murphy , 521 U.S. 320, 322, 336, 117 S.Ct. 2059, 138 L.Ed.2d 481 (1997). . . .

ESTATE OF ROMAIN, v. CITY OF GROSSE POINTE FARMS A. J., 935 F.3d 485 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Maine , 849 F.3d 521, 525-26 (1st Cir. 2017). . . .

IN RE BROWN, s, 603 B.R. 786 (Bankr. S.C. 2019)

. . . D.S.C. 2018) ; In re Mazyck , 521 B.R. 726, 732 (Bankr. D.S.C. 2014). . . .

LATURNER, v. UNITED STATES,, 933 F.3d 1354 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . letter to New Hampshire); J.A. 517 (letter to South Dakota); J.A. 519 (letter to Connecticut); J.A. 521 . . .

KOH, v. USTICH,, 933 F.3d 836 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Anders , 521 F.3d 818, 822 (7th Cir. 2008) (internal quotations and citations omitted) ("In reviewing . . . Wisconsin , 390 U.S. 519, 521, 88 S.Ct. 1152, 20 L.Ed.2d 77 (1968) ; United States v. . . .

GREYER, v. ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, v., 933 F.3d 871 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Switzer, 562 U.S. 521, 131 S.Ct. 1289, 179 L.Ed.2d 233 (2011) ; Wilkinson v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. BRAZIER,, 933 F.3d 796 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Samuels , 521 F.3d 804, 816 (7th Cir. 2008) (same, collecting cases, all but one of which affirmed district . . .

NAUMOVSKI, v. NORRIS, 934 F.3d 200 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Iona Coll ., 521 F.3d 130, 143 (2d Cir. 2008) (internal quotation marks omitted); see also Bickerstaff . . .

MARTINEAU, v. WIER, 934 F.3d 385 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . . § 521(a), including "all legal [and] equitable interests of the debtor," id . § 541(a). . . .

RILEY, v. FILSON D., 933 F.3d 1068 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Montana , 442 U.S. 510, 521, 99 S.Ct. 2450, 61 L.Ed.2d 39 (1979) ). . . .

MOGARD, v. CITY OF MILBANK,, 932 F.3d 1184 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Robinson , 920 F.3d 521, 523 (8th Cir. 2019) (en banc), quoting Pearson v. . . .

J. AVENA, v. CHAPPELL,, 932 F.3d 1237 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Smith , 539 U.S. 510, 521, 123 S.Ct. 2527, 156 L.Ed.2d 471 (2003) (citing Strickland , 466 U.S. at 687 . . .

FURGESS, v. PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, 933 F.3d 285 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . City of York, Pa. , 577 F.3d 521, 526 (3d Cir. 2009). . . .

BOUCHER, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,, 934 F.3d 530 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Dep't of Agriculture , 282 F.3d 521, 526 (7th Cir. 2002) ; see also Marsh , 490 U.S. at 378, 109 S.Ct . . .

BRENDA L. v. SAUL,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 858 (N.D. Ill. 2019)

. . . Astrue , 573 F.3d 503, 521 (7th Cir. 2009). . . .

EVANS, v. GRIFFIN,, 932 F.3d 1043 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Research Automation Corp., 521 F.2d 585, 588-89 (2d Cir. 1975) ). . . .

T. SCHMITT v. LAROSE,, 933 F.3d 628 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . App'x 521, 522-23 (6th Cir. 2017) ("Because Martinez had [state mandamus relief] available to him, no . . .

LOCAL COMMUNICATIONS WORKERS OF AMERICA, AFL- CIO v. CITY OF NEW YORK, 392 F. Supp. 3d 361 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Windsor , 521 U.S. 591, 613, 117 S.Ct. 2231, 138 L.Ed.2d 689 (1997) ; In re Initial Pub. . . .

C. S. MCCROSSAN INC. v. FEDERAL INSURANCE COMPANY, 932 F.3d 1142 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Broan-Nutone, LLC , 521 F.3d 914, 917 (8th Cir. 2008). . . .

AJINOMOTO CO. INC. v. INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION, CJ CJ PT CJ CJ PT v. Co., 932 F.3d 1342 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . ."); see also J.A. 521 (stating that bacteria that "exhibit enhanced resistance to an aromatic L-amino . . .

ATEN INTERNATIONAL CO. LTD. v. UNICLASS TECHNOLOGY CO. LTD. Co. Co., 932 F.3d 1364 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Co. , 521 F.3d 1351, 1362 (Fed. . . .

UNITED STATES v. THOMAS,, 933 F.3d 605 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Jeross , 521 F.3d 562, 581 (6th Cir. 2008). . . . App'x at 511-12 ; Jeross , 521 F.3d at 582 ; Wilson , 197 F.3d at 786-87. Thomas falls short too. . . .

IN RE GOOGLE INC. COOKIE PLACEMENT CONSUMER PRIVACY LITIGATION H., 934 F.3d 316 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Windsor , 521 U.S. 591, 619-20, 117 S.Ct. 2231, 138 L.Ed.2d 689 (1997) (viewing as "altogether proper . . . Jepson , 521 F.2d 153, 157 (3d Cir.1975) (quoting City of Detroit v. . . .

KODIAK OIL GAS USA INC. HRC LLC v. BURR S. EOG S., 932 F.3d 1125 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Coeur d'Alene Tribe of Idaho , 521 U.S. 261, 269, 117 S.Ct. 2028, 138 L.Ed.2d 438 (1997). . . .

O. CAMPOS, v. COOK COUNTY,, 932 F.3d 972 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Glucksberg , 521 U.S. 702, 117 S.Ct. 2258, 138 L.Ed.2d 772 (1997) ). . . . Glucksberg , 521 U.S. at 720, 117 S.Ct. 2258 ; Belcher v. . . .

C. CORDARO, v. UNITED STATES, 933 F.3d 232 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . projects or services, such as "building a wastewater treatment plant for acid mine drainage," J.A. 521 . . .

OXFORD UNIVERSITY BANK, A N. A. CDO CDO v. LANSUPPE FEEDER, LLC,, 933 F.3d 99 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Supp. 2d at 521. . . .

ASSOCIATION OF EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS AGCO CNH LLC v. BURGUM, s, 932 F.3d 727 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Laws, ch. 521, sec. 1. . . .

UNITED STATES v. LAUREANO- SALGADO, a k a L. a k a, 933 F.3d 20 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Switzer, 562 U.S. 521, 536, 131 S.Ct. 1289, 179 L.Ed.2d 233 (2011) (commenting that " Brady announced . . .

FORCE, A. H. H. F. A. L. F. N. E. F, N. S. F. S. R. F. A. H. H. F. A. L. F. N. E. F. N. S. F. S. R. F. A. H. H. F. A. L. F. N. E. F, N. S. F. S. R. F. TZVI S. S. R. M. M. R. R. M. R. S. Z. R. S. S. R. M. M. R. R. M. R. S. Z. R. S. S. R. M. M. R. R. M. R. S. Z. R. v. FACEBOOK, INC., 934 F.3d 53 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . L. 104-104, § 509, 110 Stat. 56, 56, 137-39; see Reno , 521 U.S. at 857, 117 S.Ct. 2329. . . . Reno , 521 U.S. at 857-58, 117 S.Ct. 2329. . . . See Reno , 521 U.S. at 849, 117 S.Ct. 2329. . . . Roommates.Com, LLC , 521 F.3d 1157, 1171 (9th Cir. 2008) (en banc). . . . ACLU , 521 U.S. 844, 859 & n.24, 117 S.Ct. 2329, 138 L.Ed.2d 874 (1997). . . . Roommates.Com, LLC, 521 F.3d 1157, 1174 (9th Cir. 2008) (en banc)); Doe v. . . . LeadClick , 838 F.3d at 174 (quoting Roommates.Com , 521 F.3d at 1168 ). . . . (quoting Roommates.Com , 521 F.3d at 1160 ) (alterations in the original). . . . See, e.g., Marshall's Locksmith , 925 F.3d at 1269-71 ; Roommates.Com, 521 F.3d at 1169-70. . . . See 521 F.3d at 1166. There is no comparable allegation here. . . .

IN RE WASHINGTON, v. N. A., 602 B.R. 710 (B.A.P. 9th Cir. 2019)

. . . In re Rosa , 521 B.R. 337 (Bankr. N.D. Cal. 2014). . . . In re Rosa , 521 B.R. at 340. . . . In re Rosa , 521 B.R. at 339, 342-43. . . .

DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE, v. RUSSIAN FEDERATION, 392 F. Supp. 3d 410 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . App. 3d 509, 521, 223 Cal.Rptr. 58 (Ct. . . . App. 3d at 521, 223 Cal.Rptr. 58. . . .

DAVIS, v. GUAM M. C. F. P. F. I. M., 932 F.3d 822 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . stated that "[t]he validity of the voting restriction is the only question before us," 528 U.S. at 521 . . .

DEFENDERS OF WILDLIFE v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U. S. LLC,, 931 F.3d 339 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . J.A. 521. . . .

DOLS, v. SAUL,, 931 F.3d 741 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Colvin , 721 F.3d 521, 526 (8th Cir. 2013) (alteration in original and internal quotation marks omitted . . .

SMITH, v. TRAVELERS CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY OF AMERICA,, 932 F.3d 302 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . McDorman , 521 F.3d 381, 385 (5th Cir. 2008) ). . . . Rogers , 521 F.3d at 387. . . . Motion Medical , 875 F.3d at 771 (citing Rogers , 521 F.3d at 387 ) (" Rule 8(c) 's purpose is to give . . .

TRACIE H. v. SAUL,, 388 F. Supp. 3d 990 (N.D. Ill. 2019)

. . . Astrue , 573 F.3d 503, 521 (7th Cir. 2009). . . .

DEXTER, a k a v. DEALOGIC, LLC,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 233 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Stop & Shop Supermarket Co., 434 Mass. 521, 750 N.E.2d 928, 937 (2001) ). . . .

FACIANE, v. SUN LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY OF CANADA,, 931 F.3d 412 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Co. , 475 F.3d 516, 521 (3rd Cir. 2007). . . . See Miller , 475 F.3d at 521 ; Union Pac. R. Co. , 138 F.3d at 330-31. . . .

PETERSON, v. HEYMES,, 931 F.3d 546 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ash , 539 F.3d 510, 521 (6th Cir. 2008). . . .

Z. J. a BY AND THROUGH Je JONES, v. KANSAS CITY BOARD OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS,, 931 F.3d 672 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Robinson , 920 F.3d 521, 523 (8th Cir. 2019) (en banc) (quoting Division of Emp't Sec. v. . . .

WEST, v. CITY OF CALDWELL, 931 F.3d 978 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Osage , 235 F.3d 518, 521, 522 n.2 (10th Cir. 2000). . . .

STATE BY AND THROUGH TENNESSEE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE,, 931 F.3d 499 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . (quoting Raines , 521 U.S. at 823-24, 117 S.Ct. 2312 ). . . . Ct. at 2664 ; Raines , 521 U.S. at 821, 117 S.Ct. 2312 ; Kerr , 824 F.3d at 1215. . . . See 521 U.S. at 821-25, 117 S.Ct. 2312. . . . See 521 U.S. at 821, 117 S.Ct. 2312. . . . Ct. at 1548 ; Raines , 521 U.S. at 826, 117 S.Ct. 2312. . . .

KRELL, v. M. SAUL,, 931 F.3d 582 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Astrue , 521 F.3d 799, 804 (7th Cir. 2008) (per curiam). . . .

KOALA, v. KHOSLA,, 931 F.3d 887 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Coeur d'Alene Tribe of Id. , 521 U.S. 261, 296, 117 S.Ct. 2028 (1997) ). . . .

EAST BAY SANCTUARY COVENANT, v. BARR,, 385 F. Supp. 3d 922 (N.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . Agency , 846 F.3d 492, 521 (2d Cir. 2017) ). " State Farm review for arbitrariness focuses on the rationality . . . Procedure , § 8435 at 538 (2d ed. 2018) (footnotes omitted) (quoting Catskill Mountains , 846 F.3d at 521 . . . Altera Corp. , 926 F.3d at 1075 (quoting Catskills Mountains , 846 F.3d at 521 ). . . .

THOMPSON Z. T. G. T. III, S. T. T. T. v. DILL, 930 F.3d 1008 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Gibbs , 923 F.3d 518, 521 (8th Cir. 2019) (explaining we must accept as true the facts the district court . . .

IN RE J. LONG A., 603 B.R. 812 (Bankr. E.D. Wis. 2019)

. . . . § 521(e)(2)(A)(i), (f)(1), (f)(2) & (j)(1) (emphasis added). . . . One such provision amended § 521 by adding subsection (j), empowering taxing authorities to compel debtors . . . Section 521(j) states that, "[n]otwithstanding any other provision of [title 11]," the court must dismiss . . . debtor does not file the required return or obtain the [referenced] extension ... within 90 days". § 521 . . . Given § 521(j), reading § 1308(a) not to apply to returns that nonbankruptcy law requires the debtor . . .

UNITED STATES v. MCKOWN,, 930 F.3d 721 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bail Bond Bd. , 139 F.3d 513, 521 (5th Cir. 1998). . . .

ZACARIAS v. STANFORD INTERNATIONAL BANK, LIMITED, L. v. S. S. v. a a v. De v. S. v. L. v. S. C. v. WGH De De De La v. De De De v. a a De v., 931 F.3d 382 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . O'Hagan , 521 U.S. 642, 658, 117 S.Ct. 2199, 138 L.Ed.2d 724 (1997) ). . . . Posner , 16 F.3d 520, 521 (2d Cir. 1994). Janvey v. Reeves-Stanford , 2010 WL 11463486, at *3 (N.D. . . .

IN RE LICKING RIVER MINING, LLC, v. LLC,, 603 B.R. 336 (Bankr. E.D. Ky. 2019)

. . . Broadband, LLC , 521 B.R. 539, 573 (Bankr. W.D. . . .

CABRERA, v. P. BARR,, 930 F.3d 627 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Mukasey , 521 F.3d 332, 336 (5th Cir. 2008) ("In cases where the BIA has previously ruled on an issue . . .

MARINELARENA, v. P. BARR,, 930 F.3d 1039 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Loesser , 205 F.2d 521, 523 (9th Cir. 1953) (holding that the party who bears the burden runs "the risk . . .

PIERRE- PAUL, v. P. BARR, U. S., 930 F.3d 684 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . . § 521(a) places the Executive Office of Immigration Review "subject to the direction and regulation . . .

K. GRIGGS, v. CHICKASAW COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI,, 930 F.3d 696 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bail Bond Bd. , 139 F.3d 513, 521 (5th Cir. 1998). . . .

E. A. J. A. A. v. K. GARDNER,, 929 F.3d 922 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Switzer , 562 U.S. 521, 531-33 & nn. 10-11, 131 S.Ct. 1289, 179 L.Ed.2d 233 (2011). . . .

GIBSON, Ca v. SCE GROUP, INC. d b a d b a s,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 228 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Goldsmith, 230 F.3d 518, 521 (2d Cir. 2000). . . .

ZENITH INSURANCE COMPANY, v. OLD REPUBLIC INSURANCE COMPANY,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 1108 (N.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . App. 3d 521, 524, 149 Cal.Rptr. 562 (1978), ORIC argues that section 11580.9(d) categorically does not . . . App. 3d 521, 149 Cal.Rptr. 562, it would not be primary according to the terms of subdivision (d)."). . . .

UNITED STATES v. BROWN,, 929 F.3d 1030 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Apr. 13, 2018), ECF No. 521. . . .

MANNING v. CALDWELL, s FOR CITY OF ROANOKE s, 930 F.3d 264 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Civil Liberties Union , 521 U.S. 844, 862-63, 117 S.Ct. 2329, 138 L.Ed.2d 874 (1997). . . . Hendricks , 521 U.S. 346, 362, 117 S.Ct. 2072, 138 L.Ed.2d 501 (1997) (upholding a sex offender statute . . . a chronic alcoholic with a compulsion ... to frequent public places when intoxicated"), and id . at 521 . . .

WESTERN WATERSHEDS PROJECT, v. BERNHARDT,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 1225 (D. Or. 2019)

. . . Grimaud , 220 U.S. 506, 521, 31 S.Ct. 480, 55 L.Ed. 563 (1911) (citation omitted). . . . Grimaud , 220 U.S. at 521, 31 S.Ct. 480. . . . See Grimaud , 220 U.S. at 521, 31 S.Ct. 480. . . .

VENCKIENE, v. UNITED STATES, 929 F.3d 843 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Eain , 641 F.2d at 521. . . .