The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XXXVI
BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS

Chapter 609
COMMON-LAW DECLARATIONS OF TRUST

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CHAPTER 609

COMMON-LAW DECLARATIONS OF TRUST

609.01 Common-law declaration of trust.

609.02 Filing a declaration of trust.

609.03 Issuance of certificate to association.

609.04 Unlawful to transact business prior to compliance.

609.05 Qualification with Office of Financial Regulation.

609.051 Shares, personal property.

609.06 Penalties.

609.07 Issuance of certain units, shares, certificates, or other security.

609.08 Merger of association into wholly owned subsidiary corporation; dissenters’ rights of appraisal.

609.01 Common-law declaration of trust.—Two or more persons, whether residents of this state or not, may organize and associate themselves together for the purpose of transacting business in this state under what is commonly designated or known as a “declaration of trust”; provided, however, no such association shall ever be permitted or authorized to transact a banking or security business, of any kind, in this state.

History.—s. 1, ch. 9125, 1923; s. 1, ch. 11995, 1927; CGL 7091.

609.02 Filing a declaration of trust.—Every such organization organized for the purpose of transacting business in this state, or organized in this state for the purpose of transacting business elsewhere, which intends to sell or offer for sale any units, shares, contracts, notes, bonds, mortgages, oil or mineral leases or other security of such association shall, prior to transacting any such business, file with the Department of State a true and correct copy of the declaration of trust under which the association proposes to conduct its business, which copy shall be sworn to, as being a true and correct copy, by the chair of the board of trustees named in such declaration of trust. When such copy shall have been filed with the Department of State it shall constitute public notice as to the purposes and manner of the business to be engaged in by such association. The Department of State, prior to the issuance of the certificate by it, shall collect from the said association a filing fee of $350, which fee shall be paid by it into the general fund of the state.

History.—ss. 1, 2, ch. 9125, 1923; s. 1, ch. 11995, 1927; CGL 7091, 7092; ss. 10, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 12, ch. 71-114; s. 67, ch. 90-132; s. 68, ch. 97-102.

609.03 Issuance of certificate to association.—Upon the filing of the copy of the declaration of trust and the payment of the filing fee, in compliance with s. 609.02, the Department of State shall issue to the trustees named in the said declaration of trust a certificate showing that such declaration of trust has been duly filed in its office; whereupon, such association shall be authorized to transact business in this state; provided that all other applicable laws have been complied with.

History.—s. 2, ch. 9125, 1923; CGL 7092; ss. 10, 35, ch. 69-106.

609.04 Unlawful to transact business prior to compliance.—No person may transact or conduct any business, within this state, under any declaration of trust, or like association, without first complying with the provisions and requirements of this chapter, and no person organized to do business under any such declaration of trust, may offer for sale, barter, or exchange any unit, share, contract, note, bond, mortgage, oil or mineral lease or other security of such organization or association, without first having complied with the provisions and requirements of this chapter.

History.—s. 1, ch. 9125, 1923; s. 1, ch. 11995, 1927; CGL 7091.

609.05 Qualification with Office of Financial Regulation.—Before any person may offer for sale, barter or sell any unit, share, contract, note, bond, mortgage, oil or mineral lease or other security of an association doing business under what is known as a “declaration of trust” in this state, such person shall procure from the Office of Financial Regulation of the Financial Services Commission a permit to offer for sale and sell such securities, which permit shall be applied for and granted under the same conditions as like permits are applied for and granted to corporations.

History.—s. 3, ch. 9125, 1923; CGL 7093; ss. 12, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 747, ch. 2003-261.

609.051 Shares, personal property.—Shares, however designated, in such trusts are declared for purposes of taxation, to be personal property, and not interest in land, notwithstanding the nature of the property of which the trust shall consist unless otherwise provided in the trust instrument.

History.—s. 3, ch. 63-488.

609.06 Penalties.—Any person who shall violate any of the provisions of this chapter shall be guilty of a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

History.—s. 4, ch. 9125, 1923; CGL 8130; s. 635, ch. 71-136.

609.07 Issuance of certain units, shares, certificates, or other security.—The declaration of trust may provide that the units, shares, certificates of beneficial ownership or interest, or other security issued, or to be issued, in accordance with the provisions thereof shall be fully paid and nonassessable. When the declaration of trust so provides, every holder of any such unit, share, certificate of beneficial ownership or interest, or other security issued by the trust, who has not paid in full the sum agreed to be paid for each unit, share, certificate of beneficial ownership or interest, or other security, shall be personally liable to the trust, or to its creditors, as the case may be, in an amount equal to the portion of said sum remaining unpaid. Such holders shall not otherwise be liable for any debt or obligation of the trust.

History.—s. 1, ch. 63-171.

609.08 Merger of association into wholly owned subsidiary corporation; dissenters’ rights of appraisal.—

(1) Any association organized under the laws of this state pursuant to a declaration of trust filed in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, which owns all of the outstanding shares of any corporation, domestic or foreign, may merge into such corporation as provided in this section if such merger is permitted by the laws of the jurisdiction under which such corporation is organized.

(2) The association shall comply with the provisions of this section, and the subsidiary corporation, hereinafter designated the surviving corporation, shall comply with the applicable provisions of the laws of the jurisdiction under which it is organized.

(3) If the surviving corporation is to be governed by the laws of any jurisdiction other than this state, it shall comply with part I of chapter 607 with respect to foreign corporations if it is to transact business in this state, and in every case it shall file with the Department of State of this state:

(a) An agreement that it may be served with process in this state in any proceeding for the enforcement of any obligation of the association and in any proceeding for the enforcement of any rights under the declaration of trust of the association of a dissenting shareholder of the association against the surviving corporation.

(b) An irrevocable appointment of the Secretary of State as its agent to accept service of process in any such proceeding.

(c) An agreement that it will promptly pay to the dissenting shareholders of the association the amount, if any, to which they are entitled under its declaration of trust with respect to the rights of dissenting shareholders.

(4) The board of trustees of the association shall, by resolution adopted by such board, approve a plan of merger setting forth:

(a) The name of the association and the name of the surviving corporation.

(b) The articles of incorporation of the surviving corporation, if revised from original filing.

(c) The manner and basis of converting the shares of the association into shares of the surviving corporation, which shall consist entirely of shares having the characteristics of corporation shares but otherwise with the same relative preferences, limitations and rights amongst themselves as the shares of the association.

(5) The board of trustees of the association, upon approving such plan of merger, shall by resolution direct that the plan be submitted to a vote at a meeting of shareholders of the association, which may be either an annual or a special meeting. Written notice shall be given to each shareholder of record, whether or not entitled to vote at such meeting, in the manner provided in the declaration of trust of the association for giving of notice of meetings of shareholders and, whether the meeting be an annual or a special meeting, shall state that the purpose or one of the purposes is to consider the proposed plan of merger. A copy of a summary of the plan of merger shall be included in or enclosed with such notice. The notice shall contain a clear and concise statement of appraisal rights, if any, to which shareholders of the association dissenting from the plan may be entitled under the provisions of the declaration of trust and the terms, conditions, and procedures for preserving and perfecting such rights.

(6) At such meeting of shareholders, a vote of the shareholders shall be taken on the proposed plan of merger. The plan of merger shall be approved upon receiving the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of the association entitled to vote thereon, or such higher percentage as may be required under the provisions of the declaration of trust of the association, unless any class of shares of the association is entitled to vote thereon as a class, in which event the plan of merger shall be approved upon receiving the like percentage of affirmative vote of the holders of each class entitled to vote thereon as a class. Any class of shares of the association shall be entitled to vote as a class if the plan of merger contains any provision which, if contained in a proposed amendment to the declaration of trust, would entitle such class of shares to vote as a class.

(7) After such approval by a vote of the shareholders of the association, and at any time prior to the filing of the articles of merger, the merger may be abandoned pursuant to provisions therefor, if any, set forth in the plan of merger.

(8) Upon such approval pursuant to subsection (6), articles of merger shall be executed by the association by the chair of the board of trustees and acknowledged by him or her in such capacity, and shall set forth:

(a) The name of the association and the name of the corporation, designating the corporation as the surviving corporation.

(b) The plan of merger.

(c) The dates of adoption of the plan of merger by the shareholders of the association and by the board of directors of the surviving corporation.

(9) The articles of merger shall be delivered to the Department of State. If the Department of State finds that such articles conform to law, it shall, when all fees and taxes have been paid as prescribed in this chapter, and when a filing fee of $350 has been paid to the Department of State (which fee shall be paid by it into the General Revenue Fund of the state), file the articles of merger.

(10) The surviving corporation shall thereafter cause a copy of the articles of merger certified by the Department of State to be filed in the office of the official who is the recording officer of each county of this state in which real property of the association is situated, but no delay or failure to so file shall impair the validity or effectiveness of the merger.

(11) Upon the filing of the articles of merger by the Department of State, the merger shall be effected.

(12) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (11), the date on which the merger shall be effected may be specified in the articles of merger; however, in no event shall the effective date be prior to, or more than 90 days after, the filing of the articles of merger by the Department of State.

(13) When such merger has been effected, it shall have the same effects as those specified for mergers between corporations in ¹s. 607.231(3), regardless of the location of any property, rights, interests, or obligations of any kind or nature whatsoever, within or without this state, except insofar as provided otherwise by the laws of the jurisdiction under which the surviving corporation is organized if the surviving corporation be a foreign corporation. The personal liability, if any, of any shareholder of the association existing at the time of such merger shall not thereby be extinguished, shall remain personal to such shareholder, and shall not become the liability of any subsequent transferee of any share in the surviving corporation or of any other stockholder of the surviving corporation.

(14) Except as otherwise expressly provided to the contrary in the declaration of trust of any association organized under the laws of this state pursuant to a declaration of trust filed in accordance with this chapter, no shareholder of the association shall have any dissenters’ rights of appraisal on account of any merger pursuant to this section or for any other reason.

History.—s. 1, ch. 76-150; s. 68, ch. 90-132; s. 69, ch. 97-102; s. 48, ch. 2014-209.

¹Note.—Repealed by s. 189, ch. 90-179.

F.S. 609 on Google Scholar

F.S. 609 on Casetext

Amendments to 609

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 609

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

S609.02 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - VIOLATION IN FILING DECLARATION OF TRUST - F: T

S609.04 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - TRANSACT BUSINESS PRIOR TO COMPLIANCE WITH LAW - F: T

S609.05 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - SELL SHARE SECURITY IN ASSOCIATION WO PERMIT - F: T

S609.06 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - VIOLATE COMMON LAW DECLARATION TRUST - F: T

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

OUR LADY OF GUADALUPE SCHOOL, v. MORRISSEY- BERRU St. v., 140 S. Ct. 2049 (U.S. 2020)

. . . that Morrissey-Berru and Biel did not have clerical titles. 769 Fed.Appx. at 460 ; 911 F.3d at 608-609 . . . because they did not evince "close guidance and involvement" in "students' spiritual lives." 911 F.3d at 609 . . . and accompanied students to Mass in order to keep them " 'quiet and in their seats.' " 911 F.3d at 609 . . .

B. CHIAFALO, v. WASHINGTON, 140 S. Ct. 2316 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Darby , 312 U.S. 100, 124, 61 S.Ct. 451, 85 L.Ed. 609 (1941), "mak[ing] clear that powers reside at the . . .

ESPINOZA, v. MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE,, 140 S. Ct. 2246 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Id. , at 459, 435 P.3d at 609. . . . being used for "sectarian education" or "religious education." 393 Mont. at 460, 466-467, 435 P.3d at 609 . . . Hodges , 576 U.S. 644, 712, 135 S.Ct. 2584, 192 L.Ed.2d 609 (2015) (ROBERTS, C.J., dissenting). . . .

BOSTOCK, v. CLAYTON COUNTY, GEORGIA v. Jr. Co- R. G. G. R. v., 140 S. Ct. 1731 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Hodges , 576 U.S. 644, 135 S.Ct. 2584, 192 L.Ed.2d 609 (2015). . . . Hodges , 576 U.S. 644, 661, 135 S.Ct. 2584, 192 L.Ed.2d 609 (2015). . . .

UNITED STATES, v. SINENENG- SMITH, 140 S. Ct. 1575 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Hodges , 576 U.S. 644, 709, 135 S.Ct. 2584, 192 L.Ed.2d 609 (2015) (ROBERTS, C. J., dissenting). . . .

ROMAG FASTENERS, INC. v. FOSSIL, INC., 140 S. Ct. 1492 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Safe-Cabinet Co. , 110 Ohio St. 609, 617, 144 N.E. 711, 713 (1924) ("By the great weight of authority . . .

RAMOS, v. LOUISIANA, 140 S. Ct. 1390 (U.S. 2020)

. . . S. 644, 135 S.Ct. 2584, 192 L.Ed.2d 609 (2015) ; Johnson v. United States , 576 U. . . . S. 644, 135 S.Ct. 2584, 192 L.Ed.2d 609 (2015) ; Citizens United v. . . . Darby , 312 U.S. 100, 61 S.Ct. 451, 85 L.Ed. 609 (1941) ; Erie R. Co. v. . . . S. 644, 135 S.Ct. 2584, 192 L.Ed.2d 609 (2015) ; Roe v. . . .

K. KAHLER, v. KANSAS, 140 S. Ct. 1021 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Worlock , 117 N.J. 596, 609-611, 569 A.2d 1314, 1321-1322 (1990) ("In most instances, legal wrong is . . .

MCKINNEY, v. ARIZONA, 140 S. Ct. 702 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Court reasoned, "operate as 'the functional equivalent of an element of a greater offense.' " Id. , at 609 . . .

J. SHEPHERD, v. STUDDARD., 140 S. Ct. 1108 (U.S. 2020)

. . . No. 19-609 Supreme Court of the United States. . . .

V. CASSIDY, v. HALYARD HEALTH, INC., 391 F. Supp. 3d 474 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . LLC , 609 F. . . .

UNITED STATES v. BAPTISTE,, 935 F.3d 1304 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Roberson , 872 F.2d 597, 609 (5th Cir. 1989) (sentence of a defendant convicted of fraud properly enhanced . . .

SCHINK, v. COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY,, 935 F.3d 1245 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Astrue, 532 F.3d 606, 609 (7th Cir. 2008) ; accord Singletary v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. A. ADAMS,, 934 F.3d 720 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Lickers , 928 F.3d 609, 619 (7th Cir. 2019). Adams cannot overcome the presumption here. . . .

ANDERSON, AS TRUSTEE FOR NEXT- OF- KIN OF ANDERSON v. CITY OF MINNEAPOLIS Dr. M. D. HCMC D. J. A. F. HCMC M. D. s J. L. L. T. D. M. T., 934 F.3d 876 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Burgess , 388 F.3d 609, 613 (8th Cir. 2004). . . .

BURKE, v. REGALADO, v., 935 F.3d 960 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Citing Federal Rule of Evidence 609, Ms. . . . The court disagreed, saying, "it's [Rule] 609(a)(2)[,] and I think it applies." Id. Ms. . . . Evid. 609(a)(2) (emphasis added). . . . Howell , 285 F.3d 1263, 1268 (10th Cir. 2002) (referring to Rule 609(a)(1) ). . . . Evid. 609(a)(2) (emphasis added). . . .

MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM OF MICHIGAN, v. PIER IMPORTS, INCORPORATED W. H., 935 F.3d 424 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . LCI Int'l, Inc. , 190 F.3d 609, 621 (4th Cir. 1999) ). . . .

BENTLEY, v. AUTOZONERS, LLC, LLC,, 935 F.3d 76 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Boat Corp. , 609 F.3d 537, 556 (2d Cir. 2010) ("The analysis of discrimination and retaliation claims . . .

HAWKINS v. I- TV DIGITALIS TAVKOZLESI ZRT. f k a DMCC Rt. DIGI RCS RDS S. A. RCS S. A. DIGI N. V. v. i- TV f k a DMCC Rt. DIGI RCS RDS S. A. RCS S. A. DIGI N. V., 935 F.3d 211 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . T.I., Inc. , 243 Va. 63, 413 S.E.2d 605, 608-609 (1992). . . .

ZEHENTBAUER FAMILY LAND, LP LP v. CHESAPEAKE EXPLORATION, L. L. C. L. L. C. E P USA,, 935 F.3d 496 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Amchem , 521 U.S. at 609, 117 S.Ct. 2231. . . .

UNITED STATES v. GILES,, 935 F.3d 553 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Banks , 828 F.3d 609, 618 (7th Cir. 2016). . . .

NAUMOVSKI, v. NORRIS, 934 F.3d 200 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 2584, 192 L.Ed.2d 609 (2015). . . .

MARTINEAU, v. WIER, 934 F.3d 385 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Co. , 298 F.3d 609, 617 (7th Cir. 2002) ); see also Biesek , 440 F.3d at 413. . . .

CLARK, v. WARDEN,, 934 F.3d 483 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . exculpatory information included the officers' tip sheets and investigation notes); Sawyer , 299 F.3d at 609 . . .

G. BEASLEY v. WARREN UNILUBE, INC., 933 F.3d 932 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . App. 609. Shortly after, Warren hired Beasley's replacement, who was white. . . .

UNITED STATES v. NG LAP SENG, Ng, Ng W. C., 934 F.3d 110 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Heras , 609 F.3d 101, 105 (2d Cir. 2010) (internal quotation marks omitted). . . .

STERLINSKI, v. CATHOLIC BISHOP OF CHICAGO,, 934 F.3d 568 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Tal Am-a curriculum that involved integrating religious teachings into Hebrew lessons[.] 911 F.3d at 609 . . .

BRENDA L. v. SAUL,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 858 (N.D. Ill. 2019)

. . . Co. , 463 F.3d 609, 613 (7th Cir. 2006). . . .

LUXOTTICA GROUP, S. P. A. a v. AIRPORT MINI MALL, LLC, a d. b. a. LLC, a a. k. a. C. C., 932 F.3d 1303 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1373, 203 L.Ed.2d 609 (2019). . . . cross-examination regarding Swindall's perjury convictions, as allowed by Federal Rule of Evidence 609 . . .

CHAVEZ, De E. De De De v. OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION, a, 933 F.3d 186 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Buddha , 609 F.3d 30, 42 (2d Cir. 2010). . . .

T. SCHMITT v. LAROSE,, 933 F.3d 628 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Francis , 269 F.3d 609, 621 (6th Cir. 2001) ("Miller does not cite, nor are we aware of, any Supreme . . .

UNITED STATES v. SIMPSON, 932 F.3d 1154 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Appx. 609 (8th Cir. 2017), cert. denied , --- U.S. ----, 138 S. . . .

ANTERO RESOURCES CORPORATION, v. SOUTH JERSEY RESOURCES GROUP, LLC,, 933 F.3d 1209 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Optus Software, Inc. , 175 N.J. 113, 814 A.2d 602, 609 (N.J. 2003) (holding that when a contract contains . . .

IN RE GOOGLE INC. COOKIE PLACEMENT CONSUMER PRIVACY LITIGATION H., 934 F.3d 316 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Verizon Wireless , 609 F.3d 590, 593-95 (3d Cir. 2010). . . .

HUBBELL, v. FEDEX SMARTPOST, INC., 933 F.3d 558 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Olmsted , 496 F.3d 609, 614 (6th Cir. 2007) ). . . .

COFFEY, v. CARROLL, 933 F.3d 577 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Village of Yorkville , 796 F.3d 604, 609 (6th Cir. 2015). . . .

UNITED STATES v. THIAM,, 934 F.3d 89 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Vernace , 811 F.3d 609, 615 (2d Cir. 2016) ). United States v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. THOMAS, v., 933 F.3d 685 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Evid. 404, 609. . . .

AL- AMIN, v. WARDEN, GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS,, 932 F.3d 1291 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . California , 380 U.S. 609, 614-15, 85 S.Ct. 1229, 14 L.Ed.2d 106 (1965); see also United States v. . . .

DAVIS, v. GUAM M. C. F. P. F. I. M., 932 F.3d 822 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Eu , 36 Cal. 3d 687, 703, 206 Cal.Rptr. 89, 686 P.2d 609 (1984) (holding that a state initiative requiring . . .

WOODSTOCK VENTURES LC LLC, v. WOODSTOCK ROOTS, LLC, LLC d b a LLC, LLC, CHET- LP,, 387 F. Supp. 3d 306 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Supp. 602, 609 (S.D.N.Y. 1979)) ; see also Majorica, S.A. v. R.H. . . .

UNITED STATES v. MASSIMINO, 389 F. Supp. 3d 357 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Ragin, 820 F.3d 609, 619 & n.3 (4th Cir. 2016) (holding that "a defendant's Sixth Amendment right to . . .

YOUNG, v. WINKLER,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 868 (S.D. Ohio 2019)

. . . App'x 609, 613 (6th Cir. 2008), the undersigned, sua sponte , concludes that the retention of jurisdiction . . .

MARAMBO v. P. BARR,, 932 F.3d 650 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Holder, 743 F.3d 609, 616 (8th Cir. 2014) (alteration in original) (internal quotation marks omitted) . . .

IN RE BELMONTE, D. v. P. A., 931 F.3d 147 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . (In Re Trout) , 609 F.3d 1106, 1109 (10th Cir. 2010) (concluding that where a trustee successfully avoided . . .

P. J. BY THROUGH MR. MRS. W. J. L. G. MR. MRS. L. G. M. L. MR. MRS. J. L. Mr. v. CONNECTICUT STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION, 931 F.3d 156 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . theory would, risked transforming a request for attorneys' fees into "a second major litigation," id. at 609 . . . Id. at 609-10, 121 S.Ct. 1835. . . .

PLANNED PARENTHOOD SOUTHWEST OHIO REGION v. DEWINE, 931 F.3d 530 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Olmsted Falls , 496 F.3d 609, 619 (6th Cir. 2007). . . .

Z. J. a BY AND THROUGH Je JONES, v. KANSAS CITY BOARD OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS,, 931 F.3d 672 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Rettele , 550 U.S. 609, 616, 127 S.Ct. 1989, 167 L.Ed.2d 974 (2017) (per curiam) ("When officers execute . . . Rettele , 550 U.S. 609, 614, 127 S.Ct. 1989, 167 L.Ed.2d 974 (2007). . . .

ADVANCE CONVEYING TECHNOLOGIES, LLC v. LEMARTEC CORPORATION, 931 F.3d 715 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Dorsey & Whitney LLP, 553 F.3d 609, 613 (8th Cir. 2009) )). The judgment is affirmed. . . .

DJERF, v. L. RYAN,, 931 F.3d 870 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ohio , 438 U.S. 586, 597-609, 98 S.Ct. 2954, 57 L.Ed.2d 973 (1978). . . .

PEREZ, v. ABBOTT,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 803 (W.D. Tex. 2019)

. . . Perry , 548 U.S. 399, 440, 126 S.Ct. 2594, 165 L.Ed.2d 609 (2006). 2. this Court's findings of intentional . . .

FIVE PERCENT NUTRITION, LLC, v. GET FIT FAST SUPPLEMENTS, LLC,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 1093 (M.D. Fla. 2019)

. . . Turkey Creek, Inc., 609 So. 2d 14, 20 (Fla. 1992). . . . Londono, 609 So. 2d at 20. . . .

WHITTINGHAM v. HSBC BANK USA, NA AS TRUSTEE FOR HOLDERS OF DEUTSCHE ALT- A SECURITIES MORTGAGE LOAN TRUST, SERIES, 275 So. 3d 850 (Fla. App. Ct. 2019)

. . . Little, 116 Fla. 667, 156 So. 609, 610-11 (Fla. 1934) ). . . .

HEUTON v. FORD MOTOR COMPANY, 930 F.3d 1015 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . O'Neill, 365 F.3d 609, 615 (8th Cir. 2004). . . .

OBASI INVESTMENT LTD Wu v. TIBET PHARMACEUTICALS, INC Yu Z. L. III Co. L. L. P. L. III,, 931 F.3d 179 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 410 U.S. 605, 609, 93 S.Ct. 1151, 35 L.Ed.2d 528 (1973) ("[T]he law uses familiar legal . . .

UNITED STATES v. LINDSAY,, 931 F.3d 852 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Morrison , 529 U.S. 598, 609-14, 120 S.Ct. 1740, 146 L.Ed.2d 658 (2000), with its approach to the Indian . . .

ZACARIAS v. STANFORD INTERNATIONAL BANK, LIMITED, L. v. S. S. v. a a v. De v. S. v. L. v. S. C. v. WGH De De De La v. De De De v. a a De v., 931 F.3d 382 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Byers , 609 F.3d 87, 92 (2d Cir. 2010) ("An anti-litigation injunction is simply one of the tools available . . . See Schauss , 757 F.2d at 653 ; Byers , 609 F.3d at 93 ; Liberte Capital Grp., 462 F.3d at 551-52. . . .

TRUE HEALTH DIAGNOSTICS, LLC, v. M. AZAR, II,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 666 (E.D. Tex. 2019)

. . . Alexander , 609 F.2d 778, 781 (5th Cir. 1980). . . .

BERNAL, v. NRA GROUP, LLC,, 930 F.3d 891 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . contract that allowed for "costs of collection, including a reasonable attorney's fee." 739 F.3d 606, 609 . . .

K. NARKIEWICZ- LAINE, v. C. DOYLE,, 930 F.3d 897 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Federal Rule of Evidence 609 supplies the controlling analytical framework. . . . Rule 609(a)(2) allows into evidence-for purposes of impeachment-a witness's prior conviction for a crime . . . Evid. 609(b)(1). . . . In this way, Rule 609 tilts the analysis in favor of excluding evidence of convictions over ten years . . .

WONGUS, v. CORRECTIONAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM CERT CERT s, 389 F. Supp. 3d 294 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Jaycees , 468 U.S. 609, 617-19, 104 S.Ct. 3244, 82 L.Ed.2d 462 (1984). Compl. ¶ 13. See Dunbar v. . . .

SOUTHERN HENS, INCORPORATED, v. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION R., 930 F.3d 667 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Yates & Sons , 459 F.3d at 609 n.7. . . .

PIERRE- PAUL, v. P. BARR, U. S., 930 F.3d 684 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Dec. 609, 611 (BIA 2015). . . . Holder , 609 F.3d 642, 644 (5th Cir. 2010) ("[I]f the BIA deems an issue sufficiently presented to consider . . .

PURCELL, v. NEW YORK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY COLLEGE OF OSTEOPATHIC MEDICINE,, 931 F.3d 59 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Cedar Graphics, Inc. , 609 F.3d 70, 77 (2d Cir. 2010). See Sanderson v. N.Y. . . . App'x 88, 92 (2d Cir. 2014) (summary order); McGullam , 609 F.3d at 78. . . .

HEJRAN HEJRAT CO. LTD, v. UNITED STATES ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS,, 930 F.3d 1354 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 609 F.3d 1323, 1327 (Fed. Cir. 2010) (citing James M. Ellett Const. Co. v. . . . CDA claim need not be submitted in any particular form or use any particular wording," Maropakis , 609 . . .

M. CROCE, v. NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY Jr., 930 F.3d 787 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . . ¶¶ 35-39 (Page ID #609-11). . . . Compl. at ¶¶ 36-39) (Page ID #609-11). Others have in fact complained about Dr. . . .

ALARM DETECTION SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED, v. VILLAGE OF SCHAUMBURG, a, 930 F.3d 812 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Trucking Unlimited , 404 U.S. 508, 510, 92 S.Ct. 609, 30 L.Ed.2d 642 (1972) ; see also New W., L.P. v . . .

INC. v. INTERNATIONAL GAME TECHNOLOGY, IGT, DOUBLEDOWN INTERACTIVE LLC,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 828 (N.D. Ill. 2019)

. . . Id. at 609 ("Aside from four discrete phrases among the many used on [the disputed] brochure and website . . .

F. MAY, v. SEGOVIA,, 929 F.3d 1223 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Archambo , 132 F.3d 609, 612 (10th Cir. 1998), that an "amendment that has been filed or served without . . .

UNITED STATES v. PHILLIPS,, 929 F.3d 1120 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Gibson , 530 F.3d 606, 609-11 (7th Cir. 2008) (concluding that the district court properly instructed . . .

K. B. BY AND THROUGH QASSIS v. METHODIST HEALTHCARE MEMPHIS HOSPITALS, Le s, 929 F.3d 795 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Partners, LP , 715 F.3d 609, 612 (6th Cir. 2013). . . . Co. , 609 F.3d 56, 60-61 (2d Cir. 2010) (denying preemption where the ERISA plan's terms would only " . . .

UNITED STATES v. GURULE,, 935 F.3d 878 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Simpson , 609 F.3d 1140, 1147 (10th Cir. 2010) (quoting United States v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. DANIELS,, 930 F.3d 393 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . After all, the Government argues, Moran never testified, so Federal Rules of Evidence 608 and 609 would . . .

H. WILSON, v. SAFELITE GROUP, INC., 930 F.3d 429 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . MCMC LLC , 844 F.3d 605, 609 (6th Cir. 2016) (quoting Aetna Health Inc. v. . . .

FORREST, v. PARRY, PHM PHM I- IV, 930 F.3d 93 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Police Dept. , 635 F.3d 606, 609 (3rd Cir.2011) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. 51(d)(2) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. WILLIAMS,, 930 F.3d 44 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Rubin , 609 F.2d 51, 62-63 (2d Cir. 1979) ). . . .

BEVAN ASSOCIATES, LP A, INC. W. M. v. YOST, H. M. L., 929 F.3d 366 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Trucking Unlimited , 404 U.S. 508, 514, 92 S.Ct. 609, 30 L.Ed.2d 642 (1972) ("First Amendment Rights . . .

SPARTAN CONCRETE PRODUCTS, LLC, v. ARGOS USVI, CORP. f k a USVI,, 929 F.3d 107 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Creative Compounds, LLC , 609 F.3d 175, 183 (3d Cir. 2010) (quoting Kos Pharm., Inc. v. . . . Sabinsa , 609 F.3d at 183 ; see Hsu ex rel. Hsu v. Roslyn Union Free Sch. Dist. . . .

MBI ENERGY SERVICES, v. HOCH, a LLC, a, 929 F.3d 506 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Co. of Am. , 609 F.3d 946 (8th Cir. 2010) (applying Jobe ). . . .

SIERRA CLUB v. J. TRUMP, T. K., 929 F.3d 670 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Youngstown , 343 U.S. at 609, 72 S.Ct. 863 (1952) (Frankfurter, J., concurring). . . .

LARSON, v. CITY OF ALGOOD, TENNESSEE, v. v., 390 F. Supp. 3d 874 (M.D. Tenn. 2019)

. . . United States Jaycees, 468 U.S. 609, 618, 104 S.Ct. 3244, 82 L.Ed.2d 462 (1984), and "certain [kinds . . . Dist., 609 F.3d 392, 400 (6th Cir. 2010) ). . . .

IN RE CUBIC ENERGY, INC. A. III v., 603 B.R. 743 (Bankr. Del. 2019)

. . . Inc ., 724 F.3d 418, 421-22 (3d Cir. 2013) (citing In re McDonald , 205 F.3d 606, 609 (3d Cir. 2000) . . .

COLBRUNO, v. KESSLER, a, 928 F.3d 1155 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Rettele , 550 U.S. 609, 615, 127 S.Ct. 1989, 167 L.Ed.2d 974 (2007) (in holding that officers did not . . .

CHABAD LUBAVITCH OF THE QUAD CITIES, INC. v. CITY OF BETTENDORF, IOWA, P., 389 F. Supp. 3d 590 (S.D. Iowa 2019)

. . . Lenox Twp. , 544 F.3d 609, 617-18, (6th Cir. 2008) ; Murphy v. . . .

YANBIN YU, v. APPLE INC. Yu, v. Co., 392 F. Supp. 3d 1096 (N.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . In re TLI Commc'ns , 823 F.3d at 609 ; see also id. at 612 ("The specification fails to provide any technical . . .

UNITED STATES v. MORGAN,, 929 F.3d 411 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Dinitz , 424 U.S. 600, 609 n.11, 96 S.Ct. 1075, 47 L.Ed.2d 267 (1976) (collecting cases)). . . . Dinitz , 424 U.S. at 609 n.11, 96 S.Ct. 1075. . . . Dinitz , 424 U.S. at 609 n.11, 96 S.Ct. 1075. See also Currier , 138 S. . . . Ct. at 2151 ; Dinitz , 424 U.S. at 609 n.11, 96 S.Ct. 1075. . . .

ENGINEERING GROUP, LLC, v. MACK INDUSTRIES OF KALAMAZOO, LLC, f k a, 390 F. Supp. 3d 946 (E.D. Wis. 2019)

. . . Aliano Brothers General Contractors, Inc. , 437 F.3d 606, 609-10 (7th Cir.2006) ). . . . Contractors, Inc. , 437 F.3d 606, 609 (7th Cir. 2006) ). . . .

DOMINION ENERGY, INC. v. CITY OF WARREN POLICE AND FIRE RETIREMENT SYSTEM, v. GMBH, v. GMBH, v., 928 F.3d 325 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Morgan Stanley Dean Witter, Inc. , 673 F.3d 609, 618-19 (7th Cir. 2012) (explaining that party seeking . . .

LOUISIANA- PACIFIC CORPORATION, v. JAMES HARDIE BUILDING PRODUCTS, INC., 928 F.3d 514 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Caterpillar, Inc. , 609 F.3d 404, 408 (6th Cir. 2010). III. . . .

UNITED STATES v. F. WHITE,, 928 F.3d 734 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Swope , 542 F.3d 609, 613-14 (8th Cir. 2008). . . .

CLAIBORNE, v. BLAUSER, S., 928 F.3d 794 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Cherry, 609 F.3d 576, 581 (3d Cir. 2010) (quoting Davidson, 44 F.3d at 1122). . . . See Lemons, 985 F.2d at 356-58 & n.2; Davidson, 44 F.3d at 1122-23; Sides, 609 F.3d at 581. . . .

CLAIBORNE, v. BLAUSER, S., 934 F.3d 885 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Cherry , 609 F.3d 576, 581 (3d Cir. 2010) (quoting Davidson , 44 F.3d at 1122 ). . . . See Lemons , 985 F.2d at 356-58 & n.2 ; Davidson , 44 F.3d at 1122-23 ; Sides , 609 F.3d at 581. . . .

UNITED STATES v. FURLOW,, 928 F.3d 311 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Hathaway , 949 F.2d 609, 610-11 (2d Cir. 1991) ; see also United States v. . . .

PAVATT, v. CARPENTER,, 928 F.3d 906 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Arizona, 536 U.S. 584, 609, 122 S.Ct. 2428, 153 L.Ed.2d 556 (2002) (quoting Apprendi v. . . .

A. RUCHO, v. COMMON CAUSE, H. v. O., 139 S. Ct. 2484 (U.S. 2019)

. . . Perry , 548 U.S. 399, 420, 126 S.Ct. 2594, 165 L.Ed.2d 609 (2006) ( LULAC ) (opinion of Kennedy, J.) . . .

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, v. NEW YORK,, 139 S. Ct. 2551 (U.S. 2019)

. . . Hynson, Westcott & Dunning, Inc. , 412 U.S. 609, 627, 93 S.Ct. 2469, 37 L.Ed.2d 207 (1973), but that . . .

BILINSKY, v. AMERICAN AIRLINES, INC., 928 F.3d 565 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Smith , 827 F.3d 609, 613-14 (7th Cir. 2016) (affirming jury verdict for plaintiff who could not obtain . . . Smith , 827 F.3d 609, 613 (7th Cir. 2016). . . .

JAGUAR LAND ROVER LIMITED, v. BENTLEY MOTORS LIMITED,, 388 F. Supp. 3d 665 (E.D. Va. 2019)

. . . Kappos, 561 U.S. 593, 609, 130 S.Ct. 3218, 177 L.Ed.2d 792 (2010). . . . Bilski, 561 U.S. at 609, 130 S.Ct. 3218 (finding that a program that applies economic principles to hedge . . .

TENNESSEE WINE AND SPIRITS RETAILERS ASSOCIATION, v. F. THOMAS,, 139 S. Ct. 2449 (U.S. 2019)

. . . Town of Harrison , 520 U.S. 564, 609-620, 117 S.Ct. 1590, 137 L.Ed.2d 852 (1997) (THOMAS, J., dissenting . . .

EDWARDS, v. STATE, 274 So. 3d 1222 (Fla. App. Ct. 2019)

. . . Young, 974 So. 2d at 609. See also U.S. v. . . . Young, 974 So. 2d at 609. . . .