The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XXXVI
BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS

Chapter 621
PROFESSIONAL SERVICE CORPORATIONS AND LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES

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CHAPTER 621

PROFESSIONAL SERVICE CORPORATIONS AND LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES

621.01 Legislative intent.

621.02 Short title.

621.03 Definitions.

621.04 Exemptions.

621.05 Corporation organization.

621.051 Limited liability company organization.

621.06 Rendition of professional services, limitations.

621.07 Liability of officers, agents, employees, shareholders, members, and corporation or limited liability company.

621.08 Limitation on corporation’s or limited liability company’s business transactions; investment of funds.

621.09 Limitation on issuance and transfer of ownership.

621.10 Disqualification of member, shareholder, officer, agent, or employee; administrative dissolution.

621.11 Alienation of shares and ownership interests; restrictions.

621.12 Identification with individual shareholders or individual members.

621.13 Applicability of chapters 605 and 607.

621.14 Construction of law.

621.01 Legislative intent.—It is the legislative intent to provide for the incorporation or organization as a limited liability company of an individual or group of individuals, professional corporations, or professional limited liability companies to render the same professional service to the public for which such individuals, individual shareholders of professional corporations, or members of limited liability companies are required by law to be licensed or to obtain other legal authorization.

History.—s. 1, ch. 61-64; s. 1, ch. 93-110; s. 74, ch. 93-284.

621.02 Short title.—This act may be cited as the “Professional Service Corporation and Limited Liability Company Act.”

History.—s. 2, ch. 61-64; s. 2, ch. 93-110; s. 75, ch. 93-284.

621.03 Definitions.—As used in this act the following words shall have the meaning indicated:

(1) The term “professional service” means any type of personal service to the public which requires as a condition precedent to the rendering of such service the obtaining of a license or other legal authorization. By way of example and without limiting the generality thereof, the personal services which come within the provisions of this act are the personal services rendered by certified public accountants, public accountants, chiropractic physicians, dentists, osteopathic physicians, physicians and surgeons, doctors of medicine, doctors of dentistry, podiatric physicians, chiropodists, architects, veterinarians, attorneys at law, and life insurance agents.

(2) The term “professional corporation” means a corporation which is organized under this act for the sole and specific purpose of rendering professional service and which has as its shareholders only other professional corporations, professional limited liability companies, or individuals who themselves are duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional service as the corporation.

(3) The term “professional limited liability company” means a limited liability company that is organized under this act for the sole and specific purpose of rendering professional service and that has as its members only other professional limited liability companies, professional corporations, or individuals who themselves are duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional service as the limited liability company.

History.—s. 3, ch. 61-64; s. 3, ch. 93-110; s. 76, ch. 93-284; s. 56, ch. 97-264; ss. 220, 289, ch. 98-166.

621.04 Exemptions.—This act shall not apply to any individuals or groups of individuals within this state who prior to the passage of this act were permitted to organize a corporation or limited liability company and perform personal services to the public by the means of a corporation or limited liability company, and this act shall not apply to any corporations or limited liability companies organized by such individual or group of individuals prior to the passage of this act; provided, however, an individual or group of individuals or any such corporation or limited liability company may bring themselves and such corporation or limited liability company within the provisions of this act by amending the articles of incorporation, if a corporation, or the articles of organization, if a limited liability company, in such a manner so as to be consistent with all the provisions of this act and by affirmatively stating in the amended articles that the shareholders or members have elected to bring the corporation or limited liability company within the provisions of this act.

History.—s. 4, ch. 61-64; s. 4, ch. 93-110; s. 77, ch. 93-284.

621.05 Corporation organization.—One or more individuals, professional corporations, or professional limited liability companies, in any combination, duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional services may organize and become a shareholder or shareholders of a professional corporation for pecuniary profit under the provisions of chapter 607 for the sole and specific purpose of rendering the same and specific professional service.

History.—s. 5, ch. 61-64; s. 10, ch. 79-9; s. 5, ch. 93-110; s. 78, ch. 93-284.

621.051 Limited liability company organization.—A group of professional service corporations, professional limited liability companies, or individuals, in any combination, duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same professional services may organize and become members of a professional limited liability company for pecuniary profit under the provisions of chapter 605 for the sole and specific purpose of rendering the same and specific professional service.

History.—s. 6, ch. 93-110; s. 79, ch. 93-284; ss. 22, 23, ch. 2013-180.

621.06 Rendition of professional services, limitations.—No corporation or limited liability company organized under this act may render professional services except through its members, officers, employees, and agents who are duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render such professional services; provided, however, this provision shall not be interpreted to include in the term “employee,” as used herein, clerks, secretaries, bookkeepers, technicians, and other assistants who are not usually and ordinarily considered by custom and practice to be rendering professional services to the public for which a license or other legal authorization is required; and provided further, that nothing contained in this act shall be interpreted to require that the right of an individual to be a shareholder of a corporation or a member of a limited liability company organized under this act, or to organize such a corporation or limited liability company, is dependent upon the present or future existence of an employment relationship between him or her and such corporation or limited liability company, or his or her present or future active participation in any capacity in the production of the income of such corporation or limited liability company or in the performance of the services rendered by such corporation or limited liability company.

History.—s. 6, ch. 61-64; s. 1, ch. 67-590; s. 7, ch. 93-110; s. 80, ch. 93-284; s. 170, ch. 97-102; s. 18, ch. 2008-187.

621.07 Liability of officers, agents, employees, shareholders, members, and corporation or limited liability company.—Nothing contained in this act shall be interpreted to abolish, repeal, modify, restrict, or limit the law now in effect in this state applicable to the professional relationship and liabilities between the person furnishing the professional services and the person receiving such professional service and to the standards for professional conduct; provided, however, that any officer, agent, member, manager, or employee of a corporation or limited liability company organized under this act shall be personally liable and accountable only for negligent or wrongful acts or misconduct committed by that person, or by any person under that person’s direct supervision and control, while rendering professional service on behalf of the corporation or limited liability company to the person for whom such professional services were being rendered; and provided further that the personal liability of shareholders of a corporation, or members of a limited liability company, organized under this act, in their capacity as shareholders or members of such corporation or limited liability company, shall be no greater in any aspect than that of a shareholder-employee of a corporation organized under chapter 607 or a member-employee of a limited liability company organized under chapter 605. The corporation or limited liability company shall be liable up to the full value of its property for any negligent or wrongful acts or misconduct committed by any of its officers, agents, members, managers, or employees while they are engaged on behalf of the corporation or limited liability company in the rendering of professional services.

History.—s. 7, ch. 61-64; s. 2, ch. 67-590; s. 11, ch. 79-9; s. 8, ch. 93-110; s. 81, ch. 93-284; ss. 24, 25, ch. 2013-180.

621.08 Limitation on corporation’s or limited liability company’s business transactions; investment of funds.—No corporation or limited liability company organized under this act shall engage in any business other than the rendering of the professional services for which it was specifically organized; provided, however, nothing in this act or in any other provisions of existing law applicable to corporations or limited liability companies shall be interpreted to prohibit such corporation or limited liability company from investing its funds in real estate, mortgages, stocks, bonds, or any other type of investments, or from owning real or personal property necessary for the rendering of professional services.

History.—s. 8, ch. 61-64; s. 9, ch. 93-110; s. 82, ch. 93-284.

621.09 Limitation on issuance and transfer of ownership.—

(1) No corporation organized under the provisions of this act may issue any of its capital stock to anyone other than a professional corporation, a professional limited liability company, or an individual who is duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same specific professional services as those for which the corporation was incorporated. No shareholder of a corporation organized under this act shall enter into a voting trust agreement or any other type agreement vesting another person with the authority to exercise the voting power of any or all of that person’s stock.

(2) No person shall be admitted as a member of a limited liability company organized under this act, unless such person is a professional corporation, a professional limited liability company, or an individual, each of which must be duly licensed or otherwise legally authorized to render the same specific professional services as those for which the limited liability company is organized. No member of a limited liability company organized under this act shall enter into any type of agreement vesting another person with the authority to exercise any of that member’s voting power in the limited liability company.

History.—s. 9, ch. 61-64; s. 10, ch. 93-110; s. 83, ch. 93-284.

621.10 Disqualification of member, shareholder, officer, agent, or employee; administrative dissolution.—If any member, officer, shareholder, agent, or employee of a corporation or limited liability company organized under this chapter who has been rendering professional service to the public becomes legally disqualified to render such professional services or accepts employment that, pursuant to existing law, places restrictions or limitations upon that person’s continued rendering of such professional services, that person shall sever all employment with, and financial interests in, such corporation or limited liability company forthwith. A corporation’s or limited liability company’s failure to require compliance with this provision shall constitute a ground for the judicial dissolution of the corporation or limited liability company. When a corporation’s or limited liability company’s failure to comply with this provision is brought to the attention of the Department of State, the department forthwith shall certify that fact to the Department of Legal Affairs for appropriate action to dissolve the corporation or limited liability company.

History.—s. 10, ch. 61-64; ss. 10, 11, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 1, ch. 69-288; s. 1, ch. 70-305; s. 1, ch. 70-439; s. 11, ch. 93-110; s. 84, ch. 93-284; s. 19, ch. 2008-187.

621.11 Alienation of shares and ownership interests; restrictions.—

(1) No shareholder of a corporation organized under this act may sell or transfer her or his shares in such corporation except to another professional corporation, professional limited liability company, or individual, each of which must be eligible to be a shareholder of such corporation.

(2) No member of a limited liability company organized under this act may sell or transfer ownership interest in the limited liability company except to another professional corporation, professional limited liability company, or individual, each of which must be eligible to be a member of the limited liability company.

History.—s. 11, ch. 61-64; s. 3, ch. 67-590; s. 12, ch. 93-110; s. 85, ch. 93-284; s. 171, ch. 97-102.

621.12 Identification with individual shareholders or individual members.—

(1) The name of a corporation or limited liability company organized under this act may contain the last names of some or all of the individual shareholders or individual members and may contain the last names of retired or deceased former individual shareholders or individual members of the corporation, limited liability company, a predecessor corporation or limited liability company, or partnership.

(2) The name shall also contain:

(a) The word “chartered”; or

(b)1. In the case of a professional corporation, the words “professional association,” or the abbreviation “P.A.” or the designation “PA”; or

2. In the case of a professional limited liability company formed before January 1, 2014, the words “professional limited company” or “professional limited liability company,” the abbreviation “P.L.” or “P.L.L.C.” or the designation “PL” or “PLLC,” in lieu of the words “limited company” or “limited liability company,” or the abbreviation “L.C.” or “L.L.C.” or the designation “LC” or “LLC” as otherwise required under s. 605.0112 or former s. 608.406.

3. In the case of a professional limited liability company formed on or after January 1, 2014, the words “professional limited liability company,” the abbreviation “P.L.L.C.” or the designation “PLLC,” in lieu of the words “limited liability company,” or the abbreviation “L.L.C.” or the designation “LLC” as otherwise required under s. 605.0112.

(3) In the case of a corporation, the use of the word “company,” “corporation,” or “incorporated” or any other word, abbreviation, affix, or prefix indicating that it is a corporation in the corporate name of a corporation organized under this act, other than the word “chartered” or the words “professional association” or the abbreviation “P.A.,” is specifically prohibited.

(4) It shall be permissible, however, for the corporation or limited liability company to render professional services and to exercise its authorized powers under a name which is identical to its name or contains any one or more of the last names of any shareholder or member included in such name except that the word “chartered,” the words “professional association,” “professional limited company,” or “professional limited liability company,” the abbreviations “P.A.,” “P.L.,” or “P.L.L.C.,” or the designation “PA,” “PL,” or “PLLC” may be omitted, provided that the corporation or limited liability company has first registered the name to be so used in the manner required for the registration of fictitious names.

History.—s. 12, ch. 61-64; s. 1, ch. 77-134; s. 1, ch. 87-41; s. 13, ch. 93-110; s. 86, ch. 93-284; s. 26, ch. 2013-180; s. 32, ch. 2015-148; s. 283, ch. 2019-90.

621.13 Applicability of chapters 605 and 607.—

(1) Chapter 607 is applicable to a corporation organized pursuant to this act except to the extent that any of the provisions of this act are interpreted to be in conflict with the provisions of chapter 607. In such event, the provisions and sections of this act shall take precedence with respect to a corporation organized pursuant to the provisions of this act.

(2) Chapter 605 is applicable to a limited liability company organized pursuant to this act except to the extent that any of the provisions of this act are interpreted to be in conflict with the provisions of chapter 605. In such event, the provisions and sections of this act shall take precedence with respect to a limited liability company organized pursuant to the provisions of this act.

(3) A professional corporation or limited liability company heretofore or hereafter organized under this act may change its business purpose from the rendering of professional service to provide for any other lawful purpose by amending its certificate of incorporation in the manner required for an original incorporation under chapter 607 or by amending its certificate of organization in the manner required for an original organization under chapter 605. However, such an amendment, when filed with and accepted by the Department of State, shall remove such corporation or limited liability company from the provisions of this chapter including, but not limited to, the right to practice a profession. A change of business purpose shall not have any effect on the continued existence of the corporation or limited liability company.

History.—s. 13, ch. 61-64; ss. 10, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 2, ch. 69-288; s. 210, ch. 77-104; s. 179, ch. 90-179; s. 14, ch. 93-110; s. 87, ch. 93-284; s. 20, ch. 2008-187; ss. 27, 28, ch. 2013-180.

621.14 Construction of law.—The provisions of this act shall not be construed as repealing, modifying, or restricting the applicable provisions of law relating to incorporations, organization of limited liability companies, sales of securities, or regulating the several professions enumerated in this act except insofar as such laws conflict with the provisions of this act.

History.—s. 15, ch. 61-64; s. 15, ch. 93-110; s. 88, ch. 93-284.

F.S. 621 on Google Scholar

F.S. 621 on Casetext

Amendments to 621

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 621

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

Current data shows no reason an arrest or criminal charge should have occurred directly under Florida Statute 621.

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

MCGIRT, v. OKLAHOMA, 140 S. Ct. 2452 (U.S. 2020)

. . . McBratney , 104 U.S. 621, 624, 26 L.Ed. 869 (1882). Still, the stakes are not insignificant. If Mr. . . .

OUR LADY OF GUADALUPE SCHOOL, v. MORRISSEY- BERRU St. v., 140 S. Ct. 2049 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . § 621 et seq. , claiming that the school had demoted her and had failed to renew her contract so that . . . Id ., at 621, 622. An unsuccessful petition for rehearing en banc ensued. Judge Ryan D. . . .

ESPINOZA, v. MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE,, 140 S. Ct. 2246 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Id. , at 475-479, 435 P.3d at 619-621. . . . awarded helped to pay religious-school tuition. 393 Mont. 446, 466, 478-479, and n. 6, 435 P.3d 603, 613, 621 . . .

JUNE MEDICAL SERVICES L. L. C. v. RUSSO, v. LLC., 140 S. Ct. 2103 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Maryland , 235 U.S. 610, 621, 35 S.Ct. 140, 59 L.Ed. 385 (1915) ; Massachusetts v. . . .

SEILA LAW LLC, v. CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, 140 S. Ct. 2183 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Booker , 543 U.S. 220, 245, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005) ; Alaska Airlines, Inc. v. . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. THURAISSIGIAM, 140 S. Ct. 1959 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Jung Ah Lung , 124 U.S. 621, 8 S.Ct. 663, 31 L.Ed. 591 (1888), the Court held that an alien in immigration . . . Jung Ah Lung , 124 U.S. 621, 8 S.Ct. 663, 31 L.Ed. 591 (1888). . . .

J. THOLE, v. U. S. BANK N. A, 140 S. Ct. 1615 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . ----, ----, 139 S.Ct. 2213, 2217-2218, 204 L.Ed.2d 621 (2019); see also Restatement (Second) of Trusts . . .

UNITED STATES, v. SINENENG- SMITH, 140 S. Ct. 1575 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Johnson , supra , at 621, 135 S.Ct. 2551 (opinion of THOMAS, J.). . . .

RAMOS, v. LOUISIANA, 140 S. Ct. 1390 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Booker , 543 U.S. 220, 233-239, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005) ; Descamps v. . . . Booker , 543 U.S. 220, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005), held that the Federal Sentencing Guidelines . . .

KANSAS, v. GLOVER, 140 S. Ct. 1183 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Cortez , 449 U.S. 411, 417, 101 S.Ct. 690, 66 L.Ed.2d 621 (1981), on "facts that do not constitute probable . . . Cortez , 449 U.S. 411, 417-418, 101 S.Ct. 690, 66 L.Ed.2d 621 (1981) ; see also Terry v. . . .

HOLGUIN- HERNANDEZ, v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 762 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Booker , 543 U.S. 220, 261-262, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005). . . .

SHULAR, v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 779 (U.S. 2020)

. . . United States , 560 U.S. 605, 621, 130 S.Ct. 2533, 177 L.Ed.2d 108 (2010) ; Dean v. . . .

L. BALDWIN, Et Ux. v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 690 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Co. , 142 U.S. 615, 621, 12 S.Ct. 306, 35 L.Ed. 1134 (1892). . . .

RITZEN GROUP, INC. v. JACKSON MASONRY, LLC, 140 S. Ct. 582 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Blue Hills Bank , 575 U.S. 496, 501, 135 S.Ct. 1686, 191 L.Ed.2d 621 (2015). . . . Blue Hills Bank , 575 U.S. 496, 135 S.Ct. 1686, 191 L.Ed.2d 621, guides our application of § 158(a) ' . . .

F. SWEENEY, v. MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD, 140 S. Ct. 661 (U.S. 2019)

. . . MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD No. 19-621 Supreme Court of the United States. . . .

M. LIPSCHULTZ, v. CHARTER ADVANCED SERVICES MN LLC,, 140 S. Ct. 6 (U.S. 2019)

. . . Mensing , 564 U.S. 604, 621, 131 S.Ct. 2567, 180 L.Ed.2d 580 (2011) ; see also Nelson, Preemption, 86 . . .

SCHINK, v. COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY,, 935 F.3d 1245 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Harris, 621 F.2d 688, 690 (5th Cir.1980) )). . . .

U. S. SECURITIES EXCHANGE COMMISSION, v. HUI FENG Of PC,, 935 F.3d 721 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Forman , 421 U.S. 837, 850, 95 S.Ct. 2051, 44 L.Ed.2d 621 (1975). . . .

EDMO, v. CORIZON, INC. Al v. Al, 935 F.3d 757 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Moore , 340 U.S. 616, 621, 71 S.Ct. 524, 95 L.Ed. 582 (1951). . . .

UNITED STATES v. CUEVAS- LOPEZ,, 934 F.3d 1056 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Booker , 543 U.S. 220, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005), "rendered them 'effectively advisory.' . . .

R. MEIER v. ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, CITY OF s St. H. St. St. St. St. G. a St. St. P. O. DSN, 934 F.3d 824 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Rice County, 621 F.3d 740, 743 (8th Cir. 2010) ("A policy can be inferred from a single decision taken . . .

MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM OF MICHIGAN, v. PIER IMPORTS, INCORPORATED W. H., 935 F.3d 424 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . LCI Int'l, Inc. , 190 F.3d 609, 621 (4th Cir. 1999) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. CANO,, 934 F.3d 1002 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . principle that a warrant be obtained.' " Cotterman , 709 F.3d at 957 (quoting Ramsey , 431 U.S. at 621 . . . Cortez , 449 U.S. 411, 417-18, 101 S.Ct. 690, 66 L.Ed.2d 621 (1981) )). . . . Comprehensive Drug Testing , 621 F.3d 1162, 1175-77 (9th Cir. 2010) (en banc) (per curiam), overruled . . .

UNITED STATES v. WILLIAMS, 934 F.3d 804 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Booker , 543 U.S. 220, 245, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005). . . .

UNITED STATES v. BROWN,, 935 F.3d 43 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Booker , 543 U.S. 220, 268, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005) ; Griffith v . . . .

MENAKER, v. HOFSTRA UNIVERSITY,, 935 F.3d 20 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Univ. of Conn. , 621 F.3d 92, 99 (2d Cir. 2010) (analyzing the demotion of a professor at a public university . . .

UNITED STATES v. CLARK,, 935 F.3d 558 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Morgan , 354 F.3d 621, 623 (7th Cir. 2003) ; United States v. . . .

CAPIZ- FABIAN, v. P. BARR,, 933 F.3d 1015 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Holder , 621 F. . . .

ROMO, v. P. BARR,, 933 F.3d 1191 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Holder , 744 F.3d 617, 621 (9th Cir. 2014) ; Rohit v. . . .

LILLY, v. CITY OF NEW YORK NYPD No. NYPD No., 934 F.3d 222 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Capala Bros., Inc., 621 F. . . .

IN RE MATTHEWS, In In In In III,, 934 F.3d 296 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Booker , 543 U.S. 220, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005), which rendered the once mandatory Sentencing . . .

UNITED STATES v. HERNANDEZ- MARTINEZ, v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v. v., 933 F.3d 1126 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Booker , 543 U.S. 220, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005). . . .

SMITH, OSF v. OSF HEALTHCARE SYSTEM,, 933 F.3d 859 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Harris County , 529 U.S. 576, 587, 120 S.Ct. 1655, 146 L.Ed.2d 621 (2000) (less formal agency determinations . . .

UNITED STATES v. JOHNSON,, 934 F.3d 498 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Booker , 543 U.S. 220, 245, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005). . . .

UNITED STATES v. MARCHAN,, 935 F.3d 540 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bermea-Boone , 563 F.3d 621, 625 (7th Cir. 2009). B. . . .

NAUMOVSKI, v. NORRIS, 934 F.3d 200 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Univ. of Conn. , 621 F.3d 92, 98 (2d Cir. 2010) (concluding that officials of the University of Connecticut . . .

CLARK, v. WARDEN,, 934 F.3d 483 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . In re Wogenstahl , 902 F.3d 621, 629 (6th Cir. 2018) (order) (brackets, citation, and internal quotation . . .

PARENT PROFESSIONAL ADVOCACY LEAGUE M. W. a F. D. S. S. a S. Y. v. CITY OF SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS J., 934 F.3d 13 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Dist., 924 F.3d 621, 630 (1st Cir. 2019). . . .

P. DYER, v. VENTRA SANDUSKY, LLC,, 934 F.3d 472 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Harris Cty. , 529 U.S. 576, 587, 120 S.Ct. 1655, 146 L.Ed.2d 621 (2000). . . .

UNITED STATES v. JOHNSON,, 932 F.3d 965 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Civiletti , 621 F.2d 691, 694 (5th Cir. 1980) ("A person who has violated the criminal statutes of both . . .

T. SCHMITT v. LAROSE,, 933 F.3d 628 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Francis , 269 F.3d 609, 621 (6th Cir. 2001) ("Miller does not cite, nor are we aware of, any Supreme . . .

UNITED STATES v. THOMAS,, 933 F.3d 605 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Booker , 543 U.S. 220, 245, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005). . . .

C. CORDARO, v. UNITED STATES, 933 F.3d 232 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . J.A. 621. . . . J.A. 621-22 (Hughes). . . . J.A. 621 (Hughes). . . .

UNITED STATES v. LEAL,, 933 F.3d 426 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bibler , 495 F.3d 621, 623-24 (9th Cir. 2007) ; United States v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. BANYAN, 933 F.3d 548 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bennett , 621 F.3d 1131, 1136 (9th Cir. 2010). . . . Bennett , 621 F.3d at 1136. . . . Accord Bennett , 621 F.3d at 1138 (holding that the same argument "fail[s] to appreciate the distinction . . . Bennett , 621 F.3d 1131, 1136 (9th Cir. 2010). . . .

UNITED STATES v. BONNELL,, 932 F.3d 1080 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Peterson , 869 F.3d 620, 621 (8th Cir. 2017) ("District courts have wide and broad discretion to order . . .

UNITED STATES v. LAUREANO- SALGADO, a k a L. a k a, 933 F.3d 20 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Spencer, 621 F.3d 59, 69-70 (1st Cir. 2010) ; see generally Skinner v. . . .

BREDA, v. CELLCO PARTNERSHIP, d b a, 934 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 621-22 & n.9, 624 & n.13, 105 S.Ct. 3346. . . .

SILVERTOP ASSOCIATES INC. v. KANGAROO MANUFACTURING INC., 931 F.3d 215 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Carter , 621 F.2d 578, 582-83 (3d Cir. 1980). . . .

UNITED STATES v. BOSYK,, 933 F.3d 319 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Cortez , 449 U.S. 411, 418, 101 S.Ct. 690, 66 L.Ed.2d 621 (1981) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. DUKE,, 932 F.3d 1056 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Booker , 543 U.S. 220, 233-34, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005), the court was obliged to say something . . .

UNITED STATES v. PINEDA- DUARTE,, 933 F.3d 519 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . White , 621 F. . . .

IN RE M. PALACIOS,, 931 F.3d 1314 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 621, 118 S.Ct. 1604. . . . his claim that his [conviction under §§ 922(g) and 924(a)(2) ] was constitutionally invalid," id. at 621 . . .

HESS, III v. COMMISSIONER SOCIAL SECURITY,, 931 F.3d 198 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Astrue , 621 F.3d 734, 738 (8th Cir. 2010) ("Before moving to step four, the ALJ must determine a claimant's . . .

HEISLER, v. NATIONWIDE MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY,, 931 F.3d 786 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . . §§ 621 - 634 ; (3) unequal pay, in violation of the Equal Pay Act of 1963, 29 U.S.C. § 206(d) ; (4) . . .

UNITED STATES v. CORNETTE,, 932 F.3d 204 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Booker , 543 U.S. 220, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005), reasoning that "[p]lea bargains rest on . . .

UNITED STATES v. CEASAR,, 388 F. Supp. 3d 194 (E.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Booker , 543 U.S. 220, 245-46, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005). . . .

UNITED STATES v. GALECKI, v., 932 F.3d 176 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Damra , 621 F.3d 474, 485 (6th Cir. 2010) (same), United States v. . . .

DAVIS, v. GUAM M. C. F. P. F. I. M., 932 F.3d 822 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . No. 15 , 395 U.S. 621, 626, 89 S.Ct. 1886, 23 L.Ed.2d 583 (1969) ; Harper v. Va. . . .

IN RE SCHATZ, v., 602 B.R. 411 (B.A.P. 1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1686, 1695, 191 L.Ed.2d 621 (2015). . . .

GORSS MOTELS, INC. a a E G, a a v. SAFEMARK SYSTEMS, LP,, 931 F.3d 1094 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Sys. of Ga. , 535 U.S. 613, 621, 122 S.Ct. 1640, 152 L.Ed.2d 806 (2002). . . .

RUIZ- CORTEZ, v. CITY OF CHICAGO,, 931 F.3d 592 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Costco Wholesale Corp. , 903 F.3d 618, 621 (7th Cir. 2018). . . .

UNITED STATES v. POTTS, 389 F. Supp. 3d 352 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Booker , 543 U.S. 220, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005). See United States v. Potts , 138 F. . . .

FACIANE, v. SUN LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY OF CANADA,, 931 F.3d 412 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Quality Energy Servs., Inc. , 877 F.3d 621, 627 n.8 (5th Cir. 2017). . . .

HAHN, v. MOSELEY,, 931 F.3d 295 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 621, 118 S.Ct. 1604. . . .

F. EDMISTON, v. LOUISIANA SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CENTER,, 931 F.3d 403 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . . §§ 621 -634 ). Pub. L. No. 88-352 (codified as amended at 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq ). . . .

STATE BY AND THROUGH TENNESSEE GENERAL ASSEMBLY, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE,, 931 F.3d 499 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Supp. 3d at 621. The district court granted the State Department's motions. Id. at 629. . . .

COMMANDER v. AMERICAN CRUISE LINES, INC., 389 F. Supp. 3d 180 (N.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Supp. 2d 597, 621 (E.D.N.Y. 2011), aff'd, 714 F.3d 714 (2d Cir. 2013). . . .

OBASI INVESTMENT LTD Wu v. TIBET PHARMACEUTICALS, INC Yu Z. L. III Co. L. L. P. L. III,, 931 F.3d 179 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Bd. of Chosen Freeholders of Cty. of Burlington , 621 F.3d 296, 301 (3d Cir. 2010). . . .

PEREZ v. DOES In In In In In In, 931 F.3d 641 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Palm, 621 F.3d 816, 817-18 (8th Cir. 2010) (citing Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678, 129 S.Ct. 1937 ). . . .

DIAZ- QUIRAZCO, v. P. BARR,, 931 F.3d 830 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Holder , 621 F.3d 941, 942 n.1 (9th Cir. 2010) (reviewing de novo legal determinations regarding alien's . . .

UNITED STATES v. A. GOODRIDGE,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 159 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Booker , 543 U.S. 220, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005), the sentencing guidelines were mandatory . . .

FIRST- CLASS MONITORING, LLC, v. UNITED PARCEL SERVICE OF AMERICA, INC., 389 F. Supp. 3d 456 (E.D. Tex. 2019)

. . . Kappos , 561 U.S. 593, 621, 130 S.Ct. 3218, 177 L.Ed.2d 792 (2010) (Stevens, J., concurring in the judgment . . .

PRESQUE ISLE COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY, v. HIGHMARK HEALTH, f k a f k a, 391 F. Supp. 3d 485 (W.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Co. , 504 U.S. 621, 633, 112 S.Ct. 2169, 119 L.Ed.2d 410 (1992). . . .

WONGUS, v. CORRECTIONAL EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM CERT CERT s, 389 F. Supp. 3d 294 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Dist. , 621 F.2d 75, 80 (3d Cir. 1980) ). Compl. ¶ 13. Farmer v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. SIHAI CHENG,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 141 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Spencer, 621 F.3d 59, 66 (1st Cir. 2010). . . .

M. CROCE, v. NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY Jr., 930 F.3d 787 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Compl. at ¶ 77) (Page ID #621). . . . Id. at ¶ 78 (Page ID #621). The article detailed various allegations against and criticisms of Dr. . . .

L. PICKETT, v. CHICAGO TRANSIT AUTHORITY,, 930 F.3d 869 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . . §§ 621 - 34. The district court granted summary judgment to the CTA. Pickett v. . . .

CAUSE OF ACTION INSTITUTE, v. INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 84 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Francis Xavier Parochial Sch. , 117 F.3d 621, 625 n.3 (D.C. . . .

GIBSON, Ca v. SCE GROUP, INC. d b a d b a s,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 228 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . New York Times Co. , 842 F.2d 612, 621 (2d Cir. 1988) ). . . . Id. at 621. . . .

CHACOTY, v. POMPEO, U. S., 392 F. Supp. 3d 1 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Harris Cty. , 529 U.S. 576, 587, 120 S.Ct. 1655, 146 L.Ed.2d 621 (2000) ; Reno v. . . .

GRAVES, I. Y. M. Y. A. Y. v. A. LIOI L. Jr. I. Y. M. Y. A. Y. v. A. L. Jr., 930 F.3d 307 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Price , 116 F.2d 618, 621 (4th Cir. 1940) ("When the finding upon the first hearing was affirmed, it . . .

WESTERN WATERSHEDS PROJECT, v. BERNHARDT,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 1225 (D. Or. 2019)

. . . United States , 318 U.S. 73, 78, 63 S.Ct. 465, 87 L.Ed. 621 (1943) ("[A] change of law pending an administrative . . .

ALARM DETECTION SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED, v. ORLAND FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT,, 929 F.3d 865 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . misuse of district resources, which impacted the firemen's pay. 35 Ill.Dec. 551, 399 N.E.2d at 619, 621 . . . Van Hollen , 621 F.3d 658, 662-65 (7th Cir. 2010). . . .

F. MAY, v. SEGOVIA,, 929 F.3d 1223 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Robinson , 621 F.3d 1002, 1005 (9th Cir. 2010) ). . . . See Rhodes , 621 F.3d at 1005 ; see also Ford v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. RANKIN,, 929 F.3d 399 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Comm'r , 560 F.3d 620, 621-22 (7th Cir. 2009) (Posner, J.) . . .

IN RE TS EMPLOYMENT, INC. S. TS v. LLP, 603 B.R. 700 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Royal Dutch Petroleum Co. , 621 F.3d 111, 124 (2d Cir. 2010) (stating that a court must "assum[e] all . . .

CIVIL BEAT LAW CENTER FOR THE PUBLIC INTEREST, INC. v. CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL PREVENTION,, 929 F.3d 1079 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 621 (quoting Wolf v. CIA , 473 F.3d 370, 378 (D.C. Cir. 2007) ). . . .

CORBITT, SDC, a v. VICKERS,, 929 F.3d 1304 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Hodari D., 499 U.S. 621, 626-29, 111 S. . . .

REIGN, v. GIDLEY,, 929 F.3d 777 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Booker , 543 U.S. 220, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. PAYANO,, 930 F.3d 186 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Booker , 543 U.S. 220, 244, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005), their "centrality" to both the sentencing . . .

MIDCAP MEDIA FINANCE, L. L. C. v. PATHWAY DATA, INCORPORATED,, 929 F.3d 310 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Co. of Tex. , 757 F.2d 621, 634 n.18 (5th Cir. 1985). . . .

LORENZO, v. P. BARR,, 929 F.3d 379 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Mezo, 615 F.3d at 621 (quoting Barry, 524 F.3d at 724). . . . App'x at 466; see also Mezo, 615 F.3d at 621 (quoting Barry, 524 F.3d at 724). . . . Id. at 621; Gordillo, 640 F.3d at 705. . . .

UNITED STATES v. L. FINCHER,, 929 F.3d 501 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Rea , 621 F.3d 595, 606 (7th Cir. 2010). . . .

FCS ADVISORS, LLC L. P. v. MISSOURI, 929 F.3d 618 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Erkmann , 934 S.W.2d 621, 626-27 (Mo. Ct. . . .

BETANSOS, v. P. BARR,, 928 F.3d 1133 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Booker , 543 U.S. 220, 273-74, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005) (Stevens, J., dissenting in part . . .

EDGE, v. CITY OF EVERETT, a, 929 F.3d 657 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Hermosa Beach , 621 F.3d 1051, 1058 (9th Cir. 2010) (quoting United States v. . . .

SIERRA CLUB v. J. TRUMP, T. K., 929 F.3d 670 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Harris County , 529 U.S. 576, 581, 587, 120 S.Ct. 1655, 146 L.Ed.2d 621 (2000) (rejecting as unpersuasive . . .

R. OBERDORF A. v. AMAZON. COM INC. a, 930 F.3d 136 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Sears, Roebuck and Co. , 320 Pa.Super. 444, 467 A.2d 615, 621, 623 (1983) (holding that Sears is a "seller . . .

STERNGOLD DENTAL, LLC, v. HDI GLOBAL INSURANCE COMPANY,, 929 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Certain Underwriters at Lloyd's, London, 449 Mass. 621, 871 N.E.2d 418, 425 (2007) ), so too every item . . .