The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title VI
CIVIL PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE

Chapter 46
PARTIES

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CHAPTER 46

PARTIES

46.011 Parties for contribution.

46.015 Release of parties.

46.021 Actions; surviving death of party.

46.031 Actions by husband and wife, parent or guardian and child.

46.041 Joinder of certain makers, endorsers, etc., of negotiable instruments.

46.051 Joinder of products liability insurers.

46.011 Parties for contribution.—When a person executes any bond, note, draft, or bill of exchange and two or more persons execute it jointly with him or her, merely as his or her sureties, or endorse any note or draft or bill of exchange as sureties for the maker or drawer for his or her accommodation and without consideration, said persons are bound to each other for a proportional contribution of the amount of said bond, note, draft, or bill of exchange. If any person is compelled to pay any part of said bond, note, draft, or bill of exchange, he or she may sue his or her cosurety for contribution separately or jointly. Defendants, whether sureties, accommodation joint makers or accommodation endorsers may be sued separately or jointly.

History.—s. 1, Feb. 14, 1835; RS 983; GS 1369; s. 1, ch. 6210, 1911; RGS 2565; CGL 4205; s. 2, ch. 67-254; s. 264, ch. 95-147.

Note.—Former s. 45.05.

46.015 Release of parties.—

(1) A written covenant not to sue or release of a person who is or may be jointly and severally liable with other persons for a claim shall not release or discharge the liability of any other person who may be liable for the balance of such claim.

(2) At trial, if any person shows the court that the plaintiff, or his or her legal representative, has delivered a written release or covenant not to sue to any person in partial satisfaction of the damages sued for, the court shall set off this amount from the amount of any judgment to which the plaintiff would be otherwise entitled at the time of rendering judgment.

(3) The fact that a written release or covenant not to sue exists or the fact that any person has been dismissed because of such release or covenant not to sue shall not be made known to the jury.

History.—ss. 1, 2, ch. 80-144; s. 265, ch. 95-147; s. 5, ch. 2000-336.

46.021 Actions; surviving death of party.—No cause of action dies with the person. All causes of action survive and may be commenced, prosecuted, and defended in the name of the person prescribed by law.

History.—s. 30, Nov. 23, 1828; RS 989; GS 1375; RGS 2571; CGL 4211; s. 1, ch. 26541, 1951; s. 2, ch. 67-254.

Note.—Former s. 45.11.

46.031 Actions by husband and wife, parent or guardian and child.—In any action brought by a husband and his wife, parent or guardian and child for an injury done to the wife or child, in which the wife or child is necessarily joined as coplaintiff, the husband, parent or guardian may join claims of any nature in his or her own right.

History.—s. 11, ch. 1096, 1861; RS 1005; GS 1390; RGS 2586; CGL 4226; s. 1, ch. 21886, 1943; s. 1, ch. 28283, 1953; s. 2, ch. 67-254; s. 266, ch. 95-147.

Note.—Former s. 46.09.

46.041 Joinder of certain makers, endorsers, etc., of negotiable instruments.—

(1) The makers of negotiable instruments and all other persons who, at or before the execution and delivery thereof, endorsed, guaranteed, or became surety for payment thereof, or are otherwise secondarily liable for payment, may be sued in the same action.

(2) In such action the final judgment shall specify the defendants who are liable for payment only as endorser, surety, guarantor or otherwise secondarily.

(3) When a final judgment authorized by this section is paid by one or more defendants who are liable only as endorser, surety, guarantor, or otherwise secondarily, the holder of such judgment shall, on request, assign such judgment to the defendants paying it. Such defendants are entitled to all the rights and remedies of the original plaintiff to enforce collection from the other defendants who are liable.

History.—ss. 1-3, ch. 6486, 1913; RGS 4733-4735; CGL 6819-6821; s. 2, ch. 67-254.

Note.—Former s. 46.11.

46.051 Joinder of products liability insurers.—

(1) No products liability insurer shall be joined as a party defendant in an action to determine the insured’s liability. However, each insurer which does or may provide products liability insurance coverage to pay all or a portion of any judgment which might be entered in the action shall file with the court, under oath, a statement by a corporate officer setting forth the following information with regard to each known policy of insurance:

(a) The name of the insurer;

(b) The name of each insured;

(d) A statement of any policy or coverage defense which said insurer reasonably believes is available to the insurer filing the statement at the time of filing.

(2) The statement required by subsection (1) shall be amended immediately upon discovery of facts calling for an amendment to such statement.

(3) If the statement or any amendment thereto indicates that a policy or coverage defense has been or will be asserted, then the insurer may be joined as a party.

(4) After the rendition of a verdict, or final judgment by the court if the case is tried without a jury, the insurer may be joined as a party and judgment may be entered by the court based upon the statement or statements herein required.

(5) The rules of discovery shall be available to discover the existence of liability insurance coverage and its provisions.

(6) This act is applicable to products liability actions based on either tort or contract causes of action.

History.—ss. 2, 3, ch. 78-418; s. 5, ch. 2000-336.

F.S. 46 on Google Scholar

F.S. 46 on Casetext

Amendments to 46

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 46

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

S30.46 3 - FRAUD-IMPERSON - SIMULATE SHERIFFS COLORS ON MOTOR VEHICLE ETC - M: F

S30.46 4 - FRAUD-IMPERSON - WEAR OFFICIAL SHERIFFS BADGE/INSIGNIA - M: F

S327.46 - HEALTH-SAFETY - REMOVED - I: N

S328.46 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - REMOVED - I: N

S531.46 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - BULK SALE WO REQ DELIVERY TICKET 1ST OFF - M: S

S531.46 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - BULK SALE WO REQ DELIVERY TICKET SUBSQ OFF - M: F

S601.46 - FOOD-HEALTH OR SAFETY - DELIVER IMMATURE CITRUS FRUIT FOR MARKET - M: F

S876.46 - TRESPASSING - USING CLOSED OR RESTRICTED HIGHWAY - M: S

S944.46 - HARBORING - CONCEAL AID ESCAPED PRISONER - F: T

Civil Citations / Citable Offenses under S46

R or S next to points is Mandatory Revocation or Suspension

S316.46 Operating a moped that does not have required - Points on Drivers License: 0

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

P. BARR, v. PURKEY, 140 S. Ct. 2594 (U.S. 2020)

. . . No. 18, p. 46; see also Defendant's Opposition to Plaintiff's Renewed Motion in No. 1:19-cv-3570 (D DC . . .

RAYSOR, v. DESANTIS,, 140 S. Ct. 2600 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Elections regarding the amount owed or their inability to pay, id. , at ----, 2020 WL 2618062, *44-*46 . . .

D. PETERSON v. LINEAR CONTROLS, INC., 140 S. Ct. 2841 (U.S. 2020)

. . . July 10, 2020 The petition for writ of certiorari was dismissed today pursuant to Rule 46 of the Rules . . .

J. TRUMP, v. MAZARS USA, LLP, J. v. AG,, 140 S. Ct. 2019 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Brief for Respondent 46 (quoting Barenblatt v. . . . Brief for Respondent 46. . . .

MCGIRT, v. OKLAHOMA, 140 S. Ct. 2452 (U.S. 2020)

. . . ." § 46, 31 Stat. 872. . . . Creek Allotment Agreement explicitly said that the tribal government "shall not continue" past 1906. § 46 . . . Hitchcock , 185 U.S. 373, 390, 22 S.Ct. 650, 46 L.Ed. 954 (1902) ("[I]n order to create a reservation . . . essentially preserving it only as long as Congress thought necessary for the Tribe to wind up its affairs. § 46 . . .

OUR LADY OF GUADALUPE SCHOOL, v. MORRISSEY- BERRU St. v., 140 S. Ct. 2049 (U.S. 2020)

. . . supra , at 2072 - 2073; App. to Pet. for Cert. in No. 19-267, at 32a-42a; App. 91-100, 127-164, 244-46 . . .

B. CHIAFALO, v. WASHINGTON, 140 S. Ct. 2316 (U.S. 2020)

. . . See Brief for Petitioners 46. . . .

P. BARR, v. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF POLITICAL CONSULTANTS, INC., 140 S. Ct. 2335 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Perry Local Educators' Assn. , 460 U.S. 37, 45-46, 103 S.Ct. 948, 74 L.Ed.2d 794 (1983) (content-based . . .

ESPINOZA, v. MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE,, 140 S. Ct. 2246 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Welfare Rights Organization , 426 U.S. 26, 41-42, 44-46, 96 S.Ct. 1917, 48 L.Ed.2d 450 (1976). . . .

UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, v. BOOKING. COM B. V., 140 S. Ct. 2298 (U.S. 2020)

. . . No. 19-46 Supreme Court of the United States. Argued May 4, 2020 Decided June 30, 2020 Sarah T. . . .

JUNE MEDICAL SERVICES L. L. C. v. RUSSO, v. LLC., 140 S. Ct. 2103 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Moreover, while "competency is a factor" in credentialing decisions, 250 F.Supp.3d at 46, hospitals primarily . . . Louisiana, "it is only one factor that hospitals consider in whether to grant privileges." 250 F.Supp.3d at 46 . . . See 46 La. Admin. Code, pt. XLV, § 417 (2020). . . .

SEILA LAW LLC, v. CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, 140 S. Ct. 2183 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Tr. of Oral Arg. 42-43, 45-46. That contention, however, is foreclosed by United States v. . . . See id. , at 46. . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. THURAISSIGIAM, 140 S. Ct. 1959 (U.S. 2020)

. . . See Tr. of Oral Arg. 46-50. . . . See, e.g. , Tr. of Oral Arg. 46-48; cf. . . .

C. LIU, v. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, 140 S. Ct. 1936 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Shapiro , 349 F.Supp. 46, 55 (SDNY 1972). . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, J. v., 140 S. Ct. 1891 (U.S. 2020)

. . . (permitting work authorization for deferred action recipients who establish "economic necessity"); 46 . . . be equipped with one of two passive restraints: airbags or automatic seatbelts. 463 U.S. at 37-38, 46 . . . United States , No. 1540238, p. 7; see also id. , at 45-46. . . .

UNITED STATES FOREST SERVICE, v. COWPASTURE RIVER PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION LLC, v., 140 S. Ct. 1837 (U.S. 2020)

. . . See Brief for Petitioner Atlantic Coast Pipeline, LLC, 38; Brief for Federal Petitioners 45-46; Brief . . . which are components of the National Trails System." § 1246(a)(1)(A) ; see also § 207, 97 Stat. 45-46 . . .

ROGERS, v. GREWAL,, 140 S. Ct. 1865 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Pol'y 127, 135, n. 46 (2016) ; see also Young v. . . .

ANDRUS v. TEXAS, 140 S. Ct. 1875 (U.S. 2020)

. . . In addition, Tran picked Andrus out of a photo array, 46 Tr. 66, 69-70, and testified at trial that the . . . neglects to mention that the victim described at least two individuals as wearing such clothing, see 46 . . . See id. , at 37; 46 Tr. 65. . . . See Reh'g Op. 7; see also 46 Tr. 23-25 (arresting officer explaining that only Andrus's clothing matched . . .

FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR PUERTO RICO, v. AURELIUS INVESTMENT, LLC, LLC, III v. LLC, v. LLC, n De De La El Y v., 140 S. Ct. 1649 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Valeo , 424 U.S. 1, 96 S.Ct. 612, 46 L.Ed.2d 659 (1976) (per curiam ), Freytag v. . . . -47 (insisting to the contrary); Brief for Cross-Respondent COFINA Senior Bondholders' Coalition 14-46 . . .

LUCKY BRAND DUNGAREES, INC. v. MARCEL FASHIONS GROUP, INC., 140 S. Ct. 1589 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Tr. of Oral Arg. 46. . . .

MAINE COMMUNITY HEALTH OPTIONS, v. UNITED STATES v. v. v., 140 S. Ct. 1308 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . §§ 303, 624, 655, 677, 1203, 1353, 1396b, 8623, 12622, 16014, 16512 ; 46 U.S.C. §§ 51504, 53106, 53206 . . . 3343 ; 38 U.S.C. § 1542 ; 42 U.S.C. §§ 290bb-38, 295h, 618, 5318a, 15093 ; 43 U.S.C. §§ 1356a, 1619 ; 46 . . .

NEW YORK STATE RIFLE PISTOL ASSOCIATION, INC. v. CITY OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK,, 140 S. Ct. 1525 (U.S. 2020)

. . . With the support of the City, Tr. of Oral Arg. 46, the Legislature enacted a new law abrogating any local . . .

BARTON, v. P. BARR,, 140 S. Ct. 1442 (U.S. 2020)

. . . noncitizens previously labeled "excludable" are now labeled " 'inadmissible.' " Judulang, 565 U.S. at 46 . . .

MCDONALD v. UNITED STATES., 140 S. Ct. 2709 (U.S. 2020)

. . . April 21, 2020 The petition for writ of certiorari was dismissed today pursuant to Rule 46 of the Rules . . .

RARDEN v. OHIO., 140 S. Ct. 2709 (U.S. 2020)

. . . April 21, 2020 The petition for writ of certiorari was dismissed today pursuant to Rule 46 of the Rules . . .

RAMOS, v. LOUISIANA, 140 S. Ct. 1390 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . § 54-46 (2017); Haw. Const., Art. I, § 10 ; Idaho Const., Art. I, § 8 ; Ill. Comp. . . .

BROWN v. UNITED STATES., 140 S. Ct. 2638 (U.S. 2020)

. . . The petition for writ of certiorari was dismissed today pursuant to Rule 46 of the Rules of this Court . . .

MOSS v. UNITED STATES., 140 S. Ct. 2638 (U.S. 2020)

. . . April 2, 2020 The petition for writ of certiorari was dismissed today pursuant to Rule 46 of the Rules . . .

K. KAHLER, v. KANSAS, 140 S. Ct. 1021 (U.S. 2020)

. . . . § 46-14-102 (2019); Utah Code § 76-2-305 (2017). . . .

MCKESSON v. DOE., 140 S. Ct. 2627 (U.S. 2020)

. . . March 23, 2020 The petition for writ of certiorari was dismissed today pursuant to Rule 46 of the Rules . . .

KANSAS, v. GARCIA v. v., 140 S. Ct. 791 (U.S. 2020)

. . . from our decision in Arizona , 567 U.S. 387, 132 S.Ct. 2492, 183 L.Ed.2d 351, Brief for Respondents 45-46 . . .

HOLGUIN- HERNANDEZ, v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 762 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Id. , at 46, 128 S.Ct. 586 (emphasis added); see Kimbrough , 552 U.S. at 90-91, 128 S.Ct. 558 ; Rita . . .

SHULAR, v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 779 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Koray , 515 U.S. 50, 65, 115 S.Ct. 2021, 132 L.Ed.2d 46 (1995) ; Smith v. . . . . [§]951 et seq.), or chapter 705 of title 46 for which a maximum term of imprisonment of ten years or . . .

F. LEE, v. UNITED STATES., 140 S. Ct. 761 (U.S. 2020)

. . . February 18, 2020 The petition for writ of certiorari was dismissed today pursuant to Rule 46 of the . . .

C. ROTKISKE, v. KLEMM,, 140 S. Ct. 355 (U.S. 2019)

. . . United States , 270 U.S. 245, 251, 46 S.Ct. 248, 70 L.Ed. 566 (1926) ). . . .

NATIONAL REVIEW, INC. v. E. MANN v. E., 140 S. Ct. 344 (U.S. 2019)

. . . See App. 29a, 52a-53a, 65a, n. 46. . . . reasonably find"); id ., at 52a-53a (repeatedly describing what a jury "could find"); id. , at 65a, n. 46 . . . which disputed the correctness of the standard that asks what a jury could find, see id ., at 65a, n. 46 . . .

Re IN RE ECCLESTON, 140 S. Ct. 341 (U.S. 2019)

. . . November 15, 2019 The petition for writ of mandamus was dismissed today pursuant to Rule 46 of the Rules . . .

Re ECCLESTON, v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 341 (U.S. 2019)

. . . November 15, 2019 The petition for writ of certiorari was dismissed today pursuant to Rule 46 of the . . .

UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, v. BOOKING. COM B. V., 140 S. Ct. 489 (U.S. 2019)

. . . No. 19-46 Supreme Court of the United States. . . .

NUSTAR ENERGY SERVICES, INC. v. ING BANK N. V., 140 S. Ct. 339 (U.S. 2019)

. . . October 17, 2019 The petition for writ of certiorari was dismissed today pursuant to Rule 46 of the Rules . . .

NUSTAR ENERGY SERVICES, INC. v. ING BANK N. V., 140 S. Ct. 339 (U.S. 2019)

. . . October 17, 2019 The petition for writ of certiorari was dismissed today pursuant to Rule 46 of the Rules . . .

IN RE T. ROSA, 140 S. Ct. 35 (U.S. 2019)

. . . September 30, 2019 The petition for writ of habeas corpus was dismissed today pursuant to Rule 46 of . . .

EAST BAY SANCTUARY COVENANT, v. BARR,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 974 (N.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . Valley Typographical Union No. 46 , 686 F.2d 731 (9th Cir. 1982) to support their argument that the Court . . .

ELHADY, v. H. KABLE,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 562 (E.D. Va. 2019)

. . . MSJ Ex. 66 at 46-47. . . . Statement of Material Facts ¶¶ 36 (Elhady), 44 (Frljuckic), 45 (John Doe 3), 46, 77 (El-Shwehdi), 47 . . .

CRUTSINGER v. DAVIS,, 140 S. Ct. 2 (U.S. 2019)

. . . Co. , 993 F.2d 46, 48 (C.A.4 1993) )). . . .

ALLERGAN SALES, LLC, v. SANDOZ, INC., 935 F.3d 1370 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . See id. col. 2 ll. 46-65, col. 3 ll. 23-30. . . . Id . col. 2 ll. 46-49. . . .

ANIMAL LEGAL DEFENSE FUND v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 935 F.3d 858 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Department of Justice , 846 F.3d 1235, 1244-46 (D.C. . . .

TIMS, v. LGE COMMUNITY CREDIT UNION,, 935 F.3d 1228 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Supp. 3d 338, 343-46 (D.N.H. 2018) (determining that the terms "enough money," "insufficient funds," . . . Supp. 3d at 345-46 (concluding based on the same three factors that the financial institution did not . . .

GALDERMA LABORATORIES L. P. S. A. S. A. v. TEVA PHARMACEUTICALS USA, INC., 390 F. Supp. 3d 582 (D. Del. 2019)

. . . Id. at 1345-46. . . . DX-16 at 2:66-3:1; PX-1 at 24:21-23; PX-2 at 28:44-46; PX-3 at 24:20-21. . . .

UNITED STATES v. WILLIAMS, Sr., 934 F.3d 1122 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . I at 46-47 ("The prior statements by the defendant describing his military service and deployment history . . .

B. VANZANT v. HILL S PET NUTRITION, INC., 934 F.3d 730 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Price , 302 Ill.Dec. 1, 848 N.E.2d at 46. . . . provid[ing] guidance" about cigarette labeling to the entire industry. 302 Ill.Dec. 1, 848 N.E.2d at 46 . . .

ANDERSON, AS TRUSTEE FOR NEXT- OF- KIN OF ANDERSON v. CITY OF MINNEAPOLIS Dr. M. D. HCMC D. J. A. F. HCMC M. D. s J. L. L. T. D. M. T., 934 F.3d 876 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 745-46, 122 S.Ct. 2508. . . .

WOLFINGTON, v. RECONSTRUCTIVE ORTHOPAEDIC ASSOCIATES II PC, a k a, 935 F.3d 187 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Reg. at 40,425. 46 Fed. Reg. at 50,293, as reprinted in 12 C.F.R. pt. 226, supp. . . . I, cmt. 2(a)(17). 46 Fed. Reg. at 50,323. . . . Reg. at 40,425, with 12 C.F.R. § 226.2(s) (1981). 46 Fed. . . . See infra Section II.B.2. 12 C.F.R. § 226.2(a)(17)(i). 46 Fed. Reg. at 20,851. 42 Fed. . . . JA 46. . . .

COLE v. CARSON, v., 935 F.3d 444 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Supp. 3d at 645-46. Id. at 645. . . .

OSBORNE, v. METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENT OF NASHVILLE AND DAVIDSON COUNTY,, 935 F.3d 521 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . . § 46(d). . . .

BACA v. COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF STATE, G. T. L. M., 935 F.3d 887 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 46 F.3d 1000, 1003 (10th Cir. 1995). . . .

BURKE, v. REGALADO, v., 935 F.3d 960 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . App'x 46, 48 (3d Cir. 2015) (evaluating a supervisor's liability where the plaintiff did not name any . . . Br. at 46. They did not mention these others in district court. . . .

UNITED STATES v. SHAYOTA, v., 934 F.3d 1049 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . The Former Testimony Rule , 46 St. Mary's L.J. 137, 156 (2015) (collecting cases). . . .

UNITED STATES v. CUEVAS- LOPEZ,, 934 F.3d 1056 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . district court applied an unrelated section of the Guidelines to miscalculate a Guidelines range of 37 to 46 . . . In light of this enhancement, the court calculated a Guidelines range of 37 to 46 months in prison. . . . unspoken intent, Cuevas-Lopez is entitled to a Guidelines range of 30 to 37 months, rather than the 37 to 46 . . . Cuevas-Lopez's criminal history category and offense level resulted in a Guidelines range of 37 to 46 . . .

CHEMEHUEVI INDIAN TRIBE, v. MCMAHON,, 934 F.3d 1076 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Act of March 3, 1853, ch. 145, 10 Stat. 244, 245-46. . . .

BOWLES, v. DESANTIS,, 934 F.3d 1230 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Harris, 401 U.S. 37, 46, 91 S.Ct. 746, 27 L.Ed.2d 669 (1971) (emphasizing the "fundamental policy against . . .

SINGLETON, v. ARKANSAS HOUSING AUTHORITIES PROPERTY CASUALTY SELF- INSURED FUND, INC. BRK, 934 F.3d 830 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . At 5:46 a.m., Beavers's neighbor, Jennifer Gray, whose apartment shared a wall with Beavers's apartment . . . In her affidavit, Gray stated that after waking up (at around 5:46 a.m. ) and smelling smoke, she did . . . disconnected from its hard-wired power source, it is unsurprising its alarm was not still going off at 5:46 . . . the smoke smell, and then called 911, the 911 call transcript indicates the 911 call occurred at 5:46 . . .

TURCO v. CITY OF ENGLEWOOD, NEW JERSEY,, 935 F.3d 155 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . . § 46(d) and Third Circuit I.O.P. Chapter 12. The Honorable Eugene E. . . .

UNITED STATES v. CANO,, 934 F.3d 1002 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Santiago , 46 F.3d 885, 893 (9th Cir. 1995) ; United States v. . . . Bryan , 868 F.2d at 1036 (emphasis added); see also Santiago , 46 F.3d at 894 (analyzing whether the . . . See Santiago , 46 F.3d at 894 (concluding that the prosecutor had access to other inmates' prison files . . .

BRAND v. NATIONAL UNION FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY OF PITTSBURGH, PA, 934 F.3d 799 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Fawn Eng'g Corp., 324 F.3d 1041, 1045-46 (8th Cir. 2003) (citation omitted). . . .

UNITED STATES v. MERRITT,, 934 F.3d 809 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . under United States Sentencing Guidelines § 2K2.1(a)(4)(A) (2016) and an advisory Guidelines range of 46 . . . The district court sentenced Merritt to 46 months. . . .

UNITED STATES v. CRUM,, 934 F.3d 963 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 508 U.S. 36, 45-46, 113 S.Ct. 1913, 123 L.Ed.2d 598 (1993). . . .

BOXILL, v. P. O GRADY E. E. T., 935 F.3d 510 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Morgan Stanley DW, Inc. , 485 F.3d 840, 845-46 (6th Cir. 2007) (finding judgment was final in part because . . .

NALPROPION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC. v. ACTAVIS LABORATORIES FL, INC., 934 F.3d 1344 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. col. 5 ll. 46-50. . . .

UNITED STATES v. FELICIANOSOTO,, 934 F.3d 783 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . King, 854 F.3d 433, 445-46 (8th Cir. 2017). . . .

MENAKER, v. HOFSTRA UNIVERSITY,, 935 F.3d 20 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Columbia University , 831 F.3d 46 (2d Cir. 2016) (" Doe v. . . . Compl. ¶¶ 36, 45-46), 128-129. Id. at 109 (Am. Compl. ¶ 48). Menaker , 2018 WL 4636818, at *4. Id. . . .

UNITED STATES v. NORMAN,, 935 F.3d 232 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . , application of the controlled substance offense enhancement raised Norman's Guidelines range from 46 . . .

UNITED STATES v. SCANZANI,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 210 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . United States , 571 U.S. 320, 338, 134 S.Ct. 1090, 188 L.Ed.2d 46 (2014) ). . . .

PIZZUTO, Jr. v. BLADES,, 933 F.3d 1166 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Opening Brief at 46. This argument is unpersuasive. . . . Opening Brief at 46. . . .

SANOFI- AVENTIS U. S. LLC, IP, v. DR. REDDY S LABORATORIES, INC. Dr. s USA, LLC, LLC, LLC,, 933 F.3d 1367 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Decision , slip op. at 45-46, 79-83. . . .

UNITED STATES v. C. BROWN, v. N., 934 F.3d 1278 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . criminal-history category of I, the probation officer calculated Antico's guideline range to be 37 to 46 . . .

DOCTOR S ASSOCIATES, INC. v. ALEMAYEHU,, 934 F.3d 245 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . App'x at 46. . . .

YOUKHANNA v. CITY OF STERLING HEIGHTS C., 934 F.3d 508 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Appellants Br. at 46. . . .

BARNES, v. CHASE HOME FINANCE, LLC, a USA, N. A. a JP Co. a IBM a, 934 F.3d 901 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . See In re Bestrom , 114 F.3d 741, 744-46 (8th Cir. 1997) (holding that TILA right of rescission did not . . .

ESTATE OF ROMAIN, v. CITY OF GROSSE POINTE FARMS A. J., 935 F.3d 485 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Merciez , 477 F.3d 442, 445-46 (6th Cir. 2007) (quoting Cartwright , 336 F.3d at 493 ) (brackets in original . . .

IN RE J. SHENK, Sr. J. Sr. v. U. S., 603 B.R. 671 (Bankr. N.D. N.Y. 2019)

. . . Hr'g Tr. p. 46 at 8-17. . . .

IN RE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE S SUNDAY TICKET ANTITRUST LITIGATION, Jr. v. LLC LLC NFL LLC LLC LP LLC LLC NFL LP LLC LP LLC LP Co. LLC LP LLC, 933 F.3d 1136 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Fee Antitrust Litig.) , 686 F.3d 741, 748 (9th Cir. 2012) (citing Illinois Brick , 431 U.S. at 745-46 . . . See Illinois Brick , 431 U.S. at 744-46, 97 S.Ct. 2061. . . . but held that those purchasers were not the proper parties to sue to recover damages. 431 U.S. at 744-46 . . .

J. MALOUF, v. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION,, 933 F.3d 1248 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Malouf relies on Regulatory Notice 15-46 of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. . . . The duty of best execution comes from the Investment Advisers Act, not Regulatory Notice 15-46. 2. . . . Malouf has misinterpreted Regulatory Notice 15-46. . . . First, the duty of best execution originated in the Investment Advisers Act rather than Notice 15-46. . . . Malouf has misinterpreted Notice 15-46. . . .

LATURNER, v. UNITED STATES,, 933 F.3d 1354 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Thom Rock Realty Co. , 46 F.3d 183, 189 (2d Cir. 1995) (enforcing contract provision waiving right to . . .

OWNER OPERATOR INDEPENDENT DRIVERS ASSOCIATION, INC. L. B. L. LLC G. v. PENNSYLVANIA TURNPIKE COMMISSION S. PTC K. PTC T. PTC T. Sr. PTC N. PTC P. PTC R. PTC s, 934 F.3d 283 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Duff, 793 F.3d 34, 46 (D.C. . . . Nevada, 73 U.S. 6 Wall. 35, 39-40, 46, 18 L.Ed. 745 (1867) (holding unconstitutional a state tax imposed . . .

MCMICHAEL, v. TRANSOCEAN OFFSHORE DEEPWATER DRILLING, INCORPORATED RIGP DCL, L. L. C. USA,, 934 F.3d 447 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . He was 46 years old. . . .

UNITED STATES v. JOHNSON,, 934 F.3d 498 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . The probation office calculated Johnson's sentencing guidelines range as 37 to 46 months. . . .

UNITED STATES v. MARCHAN,, 935 F.3d 540 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . would result in a recommendation for a reduced sentence and that his Guidelines sentence was between 46 . . .

M. RODEN, v. COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY,, 389 F. Supp. 3d 548 (S.D. Ohio 2019)

. . . PageID 46-48. See Casey v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs. , 987 F.2d 1230, 1233 (6th Cir. 1993). . . . Sec., 478 F.3d 742, 745-46 (6th Cir. 2007). . . .

IN RE ASCOT FUND LIMITED, a, 603 B.R. 271 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . App'x 46 (2d Cir. 2019) (summary order); In re Suntech Power Holdings Co., Ltd. , 520 B.R. 399, 403-04 . . . (Id. at ¶¶ 34, 46.) . . .

PAUL G. a BY AND THROUGH STEVE G. v. MONTEREY PENINSULA UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT, 933 F.3d 1096 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 743, 197 L.Ed.2d 46 (2017). . . .

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR GUN RIGHTS, INC. v. MANGAN, G. J., 933 F.3d 1102 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Valeo , 424 U.S. 1, 19, 96 S.Ct. 612, 46 L.Ed.2d 659 (1976) (per curiam). . . . Ann. § 46-15-107. . . .

IRIDESCENT NETWORKS, INC. v. AT T MOBILITY, LLC,, 933 F.3d 1345 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . minimizes data delay and loss during transmission. '119 patent col. 1 ll. 19-22, 58-60, col. 3 ll. 46 . . . col. 1 ll. 23-60 (detailing the ad hoc nature of prior art network connections); id. col. 3 ll. 6-22, 46 . . .

NAUMOVSKI, v. NORRIS, 934 F.3d 200 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Columbia Univ. , 831 F.3d 46, 56 (2d Cir. 2016) (holding that, under Title IX, the claims of an accused . . .

BASTARDO- VALE, v. ATTORNEY GENERAL UNITED STATES, 934 F.3d 255 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . instead of focusing on whether the BIA's decision, rendered after Alaka , in In re: M-H- , 26 I & N Dec. 46 . . . Dec. 46 (BIA 2012). Chevron, U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Res. Def. . . . Dec. 46 (BIA 2012), where it held that, under Chevron, U.S.A., Inc. v. . . .

CLARK, v. WARDEN,, 934 F.3d 483 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . See Oral Arg. at 13:46-14:37, 30:15-30:24, Clark v. Nagy , No. 18-1885 (6th Cir. May 10, 2019). . . .

IN RE MIAMI METALS I, INC., 603 B.R. 727 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Leyda , 46 Ohio St. 244, 247, 20 N.E. 472 (1889), likewise specified that the commodity being mixed together . . .

UNITED STATES v. NG LAP SENG, Ng, Ng W. C., 934 F.3d 110 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 444 U.S. 37, 43-46, 100 S.Ct. 311, 62 L.Ed.2d 199 (1979). . . . Appellant Br. at 46-47 (emphasis in original). . . .

IN RE FIFTH AVENUE AND RELATED PROPERTIES, 934 F.3d 147 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . same); 40 (from a search of the Bank Melli Iran's president's residence prior to December 2008); 43-46 . . .

HAVLISH, v. FIFTH AVENUE COMPANY, Co., 934 F.3d 174 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Banco Para El Comercio Exterior de Cuba (Bancec ), 462 U.S. 611, 103 S.Ct. 2591, 77 L.Ed.2d 46 (1983) . . .