The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title IX
ELECTORS AND ELECTIONS

Chapter 103
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS; POLITICAL PARTIES; EXECUTIVE COMMITTEES AND MEMBERS

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CHAPTER 103

PRESIDENTIAL ELECTORS; POLITICAL PARTIES; EXECUTIVE COMMITTEES
AND MEMBERS

103.011 Electors of President and Vice President.

103.021 Nomination for presidential electors.

103.022 Write-in candidates for President and Vice President.

103.051 Congress sets meeting dates of electors.

103.061 Meeting of electors and filling of vacancies.

103.062 Plurality of votes to fill vacancy; proceeding in case of tie.

103.071 Compensation of electors.

103.081 Use of party name; political advertising.

103.091 Political parties.

103.092 Affiliated party committees.

103.095 Minor political parties.

103.101 Presidential preference primary.

103.121 Powers and duties of executive committees.

103.131 Political party offices deemed vacant in certain cases.

103.141 Removal of county executive committee member for violation of oath.

103.011 Electors of President and Vice President.—Electors of President and Vice President, known as presidential electors, shall be elected on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November of each year the number of which is a multiple of 4. Votes cast for the actual candidates for President and Vice President shall be counted as votes cast for the presidential electors supporting such candidates. The Department of State shall certify as elected the presidential electors of the candidates for President and Vice President who receive the highest number of votes.

History.—ss. 2, 3, ch. 3879, 1889; RS 157; s. 4, ch. 4328, 1895; s. 3, ch. 4537, 1897; GS 174; RGS 218; CGL 253; s. 2, ch. 25383, 1949; s. 7, ch. 26870, 1951; ss. 10, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 32, ch. 77-175.

Note.—Former s. 98.07.

103.021 Nomination for presidential electors.—Candidates for presidential electors shall be nominated in the following manner:

(1)(a) The Governor shall nominate the presidential electors of each political party. The state executive committee of each political party shall by resolution recommend candidates for presidential electors and deliver a certified copy thereof to the Governor no later than noon on August 24 of each presidential election year. The Governor shall nominate only the electors recommended by the state executive committee of the respective political party.

(b) The state executive committee of each political party shall submit the Florida voter registration number and contact information of each presidential elector. Each such presidential elector must be a qualified registered voter of this state and member of the party he or she represents who has taken a written oath that he or she will vote for the candidates of the party that he or she is nominated to represent.

(c) The Governor shall certify to the Department of State no later than 5 p.m. on August 24, in each presidential election year, the names of a number of electors for each political party equal to the number of senators and representatives which this state has in Congress.

(2) The names of the presidential electors may not be printed on the general election ballot, but the names of the actual candidates for President and Vice President for whom the presidential electors will vote if elected must be printed on the ballot in the order in which the party of which the candidate is a nominee polled the highest number of votes for Governor in the last general election.

(3) Candidates for President and Vice President with no party affiliation may have their names printed on the general election ballots if a petition is signed by 1 percent of the registered voters of this state, as shown by the compilation by the Department of State for the last preceding general election. A separate petition from each county for which signatures are solicited shall be submitted to the supervisor of elections of the respective county no later than noon on July 15 of each presidential election year. The supervisor shall check the names and, on or before the date of the primary election, shall certify the number shown as registered voters of the county. The supervisor shall be paid by the person requesting the certification the cost of checking the petitions as prescribed in s. 99.097. The supervisor shall then forward the certificate to the Department of State which shall determine whether or not the percentage factor required in this section has been met. When the percentage factor required in this section has been met, the Department of State shall order the names of the candidates for whom the petition was circulated to be included on the ballot and shall allow the required number of persons to be certified as presidential electors in the same manner as party candidates.

(4)(a) A minor political party that is affiliated with a national party holding a national convention to nominate candidates for President and Vice President of the United States may have the names of its candidates for President and Vice President of the United States printed on the general election ballot by filing with the Department of State a certificate naming the candidates for President and Vice President and listing the required number of persons to serve as presidential electors. Notification to the Department of State under this subsection must be made no later than 5 p.m. on August 24 of the year in which the general election is held. When the Department of State has been so notified, it shall order the names of the candidates nominated by the minor political party to be included on the ballot and shall allow the required number of persons to be certified as presidential electors in the same manner as other party candidates. As used in this section, the term “national party” means a political party that is registered with and recognized as a qualified national committee of a political party by the Federal Election Commission.

(b) A minor political party that is not affiliated with a national party holding a national convention to nominate candidates for President and Vice President of the United States may have the names of its candidates for President and Vice President printed on the general election ballot if a petition is signed by 1 percent of the registered voters of this state, as shown by the compilation by the Department of State for the preceding general election. A separate petition from each county for which signatures are solicited must be submitted to the supervisors of elections of the respective county no later than noon on July 15 of each presidential election year. The supervisor shall check the names and, on or before the date of the primary election, shall certify the number shown as registered voters of the county. The supervisor shall be paid by the person requesting the certification the cost of checking the petitions as prescribed in s. 99.097. The supervisor shall then forward the certificate to the Department of State, which shall determine whether or not the percentage factor required in this section has been met. When the percentage factor required in this section has been met, the Department of State shall order the names of the candidates for whom the petition was circulated to be included on the ballot and shall allow the required number of persons to be certified as presidential electors in the same manner as other party candidates.

(5) When for any reason a person nominated or elected as a presidential elector is unable to serve because of death, incapacity, or otherwise, the Governor may appoint a person to fill such vacancy who possesses the qualifications required for the elector to have been nominated in the first instance. Such person shall file with the Governor a written oath that he or she will support the same candidates for President and Vice President that the person who is unable to serve was committed to support.

(6) A presidential elector’s refusal or failure to vote for the candidates for President and Vice President of the party the presidential elector was nominated to represent constitutes his or her resignation of the position. The vote he or she cast may not be recorded, and his or her position as a presidential elector must be filled as provided in subsection (5).

History.—s. 1, ch. 25143, 1949; s. 7, ch. 26870, 1951; s. 1, ch. 61-364; s. 1, ch. 67-353; ss. 10, 35, ch. 69-106; ss. 7, 8, ch. 70-269; s. 1, ch. 70-439; s. 32, ch. 77-175; s. 8, ch. 83-251; s. 13, ch. 85-80; s. 603, ch. 95-147; s. 5, ch. 99-318; s. 61, ch. 2005-277; s. 18, ch. 2005-286; s. 45, ch. 2011-40; s. 37, ch. 2023-120.

Note.—Former s. 102.011.

103.022 Write-in candidates for President and Vice President.—

(1) Persons seeking to qualify for election as write-in candidates for President and Vice President of the United States may have a blank space provided on the general election ballot for their names to be written in by filing an oath with the Department of State at any time after the 57th day, but before noon of the 49th day, before the date of the primary election in the year in which a presidential election is held.

(2) The Department of State shall prescribe the form to be used in administering the oath.

(3) The write-in candidates shall file with the department a certificate naming the required number of persons to serve as electors. The write-in candidates shall submit the Florida voter registration number and contact information for each presidential elector. Each presidential elector must be a qualified registered voter of this state. Such write-in candidates are not entitled to have their names on the ballot.

History.—s. 15, ch. 81-105; s. 9, ch. 83-251; s. 19, ch. 2005-286; s. 38, ch. 2023-120.

103.051 Congress sets meeting dates of electors.—The presidential electors shall, on the day that is directed by Congress and at the time fixed by the Governor, meet at Tallahassee and perform the duties required of them by the Constitution and laws of the United States.

History.—s. 6, ch. 71, 1847; RS 204; GS 288; RGS 384; CGL 449; s. 7, ch. 26870, 1951; s. 32, ch. 77-175; s. 62, ch. 2005-277.

Note.—Former s. 105.01.

103.061 Meeting of electors and filling of vacancies.—Each presidential elector shall, on the day fixed by Congress to elect a President and Vice President and at the time fixed by the Governor, give notice to the Governor that the elector is in Tallahassee and ready to perform the duties of presidential elector. The Governor shall forthwith deliver to the presidential electors present a certificate of the names of all the electors; and if, on examination thereof, it should be found that one or more electors are absent, the electors present shall elect by ballot, in the presence of the Governor, a person or persons to fill such vacancy or vacancies as may have occurred through the nonattendance of one or more of the electors.

History.—s. 8, ch. 71, 1847; RS 206; GS 290; RGS 386; CGL 451; s. 7, ch. 26870, 1951; s. 32, ch. 77-175; s. 1, ch. 85-19; s. 604, ch. 95-147; s. 63, ch. 2005-277.

Note.—Former s. 105.03.

103.062 Plurality of votes to fill vacancy; proceeding in case of tie.—If any more than the number of persons required to fill the vacancy as provided by s. 103.061 receive the highest and an equal number of votes, then the election of those receiving such highest and equal number of votes shall be determined by lot drawn by the Governor in the presence of the presidential electors attending; otherwise, those, to the number required, receiving the highest number of votes, shall be considered elected to fill the vacancy.

History.—s. 7, ch. 26870, 1951; s. 2, ch. 67-353; s. 32, ch. 77-175.

Note.—Former s. 103.031.

103.071 Compensation of electors.—Each presidential elector attending as such in Tallahassee shall be reimbursed for his or her travel expenses, as provided in s. 112.061, from the elector’s place of residence to Tallahassee and return. Such expenses shall be paid upon approval of the Governor. The amounts necessary to meet the requirements of this section shall be included in the legislative budget request of the Governor. If the amounts appropriated for this purpose are insufficient, the Executive Office of the Governor may release the necessary amounts from the deficiency appropriation.

History.—s. 12, ch. 71, 1847; RS 210; GS 294; RGS 390; CGL 455; ss. 7, chs. 26869, 26870, 1951; s. 1, ch. 61-32; s. 6, ch. 63-400; ss. 2, 3, ch. 67-371; ss. 31, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 86, ch. 79-190; s. 605, ch. 95-147.

Note.—Former s. 105.07.

103.081 Use of party name; political advertising.—

(1) No person shall use the name, abbreviation, or symbol of any political party, the name, abbreviation, or symbol of which is filed with the Department of State, in political advertising in newspapers, other publications, handbills, radio or television, or any other form of advertising in connection with any political activities in support of a candidate of any other party, unless such person shall first obtain the written permission of the chair of the state executive committee of the party the name, abbreviation, or symbol of which is to be used.

(2) No person or group of persons shall use the name, abbreviation, or symbol of any political party, the name, abbreviation, or symbol of which is filed with the Department of State, in connection with any club, group, association, or organization of any kind unless approval and permission have been given in writing by the state executive committee of such party. This subsection shall not apply to county executive committees of such parties and organizations which are chartered by the national executive committee of the party the name, abbreviation, or symbol of which is to be used, or to organizations using the name of any political party which organizations have been in existence and organized on a statewide basis for a period of 10 years.

(3) A political party may file with the Department of State names of groups or committees associated with the political party. Such filed names may not be used without first obtaining the written permission of the chair of the state executive committee of the party.

(4) Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, an affiliated party committee shall be entitled to use the name, abbreviation, or symbol of the political party of its leader as defined in s. 103.092.

History.—s. 6, ch. 6469, 1913; RGS 304; CGL 360; s. 7, ch. 26870, 1951; s. 26, ch. 29934, 1955; s. 1, ch. 57-202; s. 1, ch. 61-424; s. 3, ch. 67-353; ss. 10, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 32, ch. 77-175; s. 606, ch. 95-147; s. 35, ch. 2007-30; ss. 1, 30, ch. 2011-6; HJR 7105, 2011 Regular Session.

Note.—Former s. 102.06.

103.091 Political parties.—

(1) Each political party of the state shall be represented by a state executive committee. County executive committees and other committees may be established in accordance with the rules of the state executive committee. A political party may provide for the selection of its national committee and its state and county executive committees in such manner as it deems proper. Unless otherwise provided by party rule, the county executive committee of each political party shall consist of at least two members, a man and a woman, from each precinct, who shall be called the precinct committeeman and committeewoman. For counties divided into 40 or more precincts, the state executive committee may adopt a district unit of representation for such county executive committees. Upon adoption of a district unit of representation, the state executive committee shall request the supervisor of elections of that county, with approval of the board of county commissioners, to provide for election districts as nearly equal in number of registered voters as possible. Each county committeeman or committeewoman shall be a resident of the precinct from which he or she is elected. Each state committeeman or committeewoman must be a member in good standing of the county executive committee for the county in which the state committeeman or committeewoman is a registered voter.

(2) The state executive committee of a political party may by resolution provide a method of election of national committeemen and national committeewomen and of nomination of presidential electors, if such party is entitled to a place on the ballot as otherwise provided for presidential electors, and may provide also for the election of delegates and alternates to national conventions.

(3) The state executive committee of each political party shall file with the Department of State the names and addresses of its chair, vice chair, secretary, treasurer, and members and shall file a copy of its constitution, bylaws, and rules and regulations with the Department of State. Each county executive committee shall file with the state executive committee and with the supervisor of elections the names and addresses of its officers and members.

(4) Any political party other than a minor political party may by rule provide for the membership of its state or county executive committee to be elected for 4-year terms at the primary election in each year a presidential election is held. The terms commence on the first day of the month following each presidential general election; but the names of candidates for political party offices may not be placed on the ballot at any other election. The results of such election are determined by a plurality of the votes cast. In such event, electors seeking to qualify for such office shall do so with the Department of State or supervisor of elections not earlier than noon of the 71st day, or later than noon of the 67th day, preceding the primary election. A qualifying office may accept and hold qualifying papers submitted not earlier than 14 days before the beginning of the qualifying period, to be processed and filed during the qualifying period. The outgoing chair of each county executive committee shall, within 30 days after the committee members take office, hold an organizational meeting of all newly elected members for the purpose of electing officers. The chair of each state executive committee shall, within 60 days after the committee members take office, hold an organizational meeting of all newly elected members for the purpose of electing officers.

(5) In the event no county committeeman or committeewoman is elected, or a vacancy occurs from any other cause in any county executive committee, the county chair shall call a meeting of the county executive committee by due notice to all members, and the vacancy shall be filled by a majority vote of those present at a meeting at which a quorum is present. Such vacancy shall be filled by a qualified member of the political party residing in the district where the vacancy occurred and for the unexpired portion of the term.

(6)(a) In addition to the members provided for in subsection (1), each county executive committee shall include all members of the Legislature who are residents of the county and members of their respective political party and who shall be known as at-large committeemen and committeewomen.

(b) Each state executive committee shall include, as at-large committeemen and committeewomen, all members of the United States Congress representing the State of Florida who are members of the political party, all statewide elected officials who are members of the party, 10 Florida registered voters who are members of the party as appointed by the Governor if the Governor is a member of the party, and the President of the Senate or the Minority Leader in the Senate, and the Speaker of the House of Representatives or the Minority Leader in the House of Representatives, whichever is a member of the political party, and 20 members of the Legislature who are members of the political party. Ten of the legislators shall be appointed with the concurrence of the state chair of the respective party, as follows: five to be appointed by the President of the Senate; five by the Minority Leader in the Senate; five by the Speaker of the House of Representatives; and five by the Minority Leader in the House.

(c) When a political party allows any member of the state executive committee to have more than one vote per person, other than by proxy, in a matter coming before the state executive committee, the 20 members of the Legislature appointed under paragraph (b) shall not be appointed to the state executive committee and the following elected officials who are members of that political party shall be appointed and shall have the following votes:

1. Governor: a number equal to 15 percent of votes cast by state executive committeemen and committeewomen;

2. Lieutenant Governor: a number equal to 5 percent of the votes cast by state executive committeemen and committeewomen;

3. Each member of the United States Senate representing the state: a number equal to 10 percent of the votes cast by state executive committeemen and committeewomen;

4. Attorney General: a number equal to 5 percent of the votes cast by state executive committeemen and committeewomen;

5. Chief Financial Officer: a number equal to 5 percent of the votes cast by state executive committeemen and committeewomen;

6. Commissioner of Agriculture: a number equal to 5 percent of the votes cast by state executive committeemen and committeewomen;

7. President of the Senate: a number equal to 10 percent of the votes cast by state executive committeemen and committeewomen;

8. Minority leader of the Senate: a number equal to 10 percent of the votes cast by state executive committeemen and committeewomen;

9. Speaker of the House of Representatives: a number equal to 10 percent of the votes cast by state executive committeemen and committeewomen;

10. Minority leader of the House of Representatives: a number equal to 10 percent of the votes cast by state executive committeemen and committeewomen; and

11. Each member of the United States House of Representatives representing the state: a number equal to 1 percent of the votes cast by state executive committeemen and committeewomen.

(d)1. The governing body of each state executive committee as defined by party rule shall include as at-large committeemen and committeewomen all statewide elected officials who are members of such political party; up to four members of the United States Congress representing the state who are members of such political party and who shall be appointed by the state chair on the basis of geographic representation; the permanent presiding officer selected by the members of each house of the Legislature who are members of such political party; and the minority leader selected by the members of each house of the Legislature who are members of such political party.

2. All members of the governing body shall have one vote per person.

(7) Members of the state executive committee or governing body may vote by proxy.

(8) The conducting of official business in connection with one’s public office constitutes good and sufficient reason for failure to attend county or state executive committee meetings or a meeting of the governing body.

History.—ss. 1, 2, 2A, ch. 22039, 1943; ss. 1, 2, 3, ch. 22678, 1945; s. 7, ch. 26870, 1951; s. 32, ch. 77-175; s. 1, ch. 78-1; s. 22, ch. 79-164; s. 3, ch. 81-312; s. 12, ch. 82-143; s. 3, ch. 83-242; s. 33, ch. 84-302; s. 17, ch. 87-363; s. 607, ch. 95-147; s. 2, ch. 95-197; s. 110, ch. 2003-261; s. 20, ch. 2005-286; s. 36, ch. 2007-30; s. 39, ch. 2023-120.

Note.—Former s. 102.71.

103.092 Affiliated party committees.—

(1) For purposes of this section, the term “leader” means the President of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, or the minority leader of either house of the Legislature, until a person is designated by a political party conference of members of either house to succeed to any such position, at which time the designee becomes the leader for purposes of this section.

(2) The leader of each political party conference of the House of Representatives and the Senate may establish a separate, affiliated party committee to support the election of candidates of the leader’s political party. The affiliated party committee is subject to the same provisions of chapter 106 as a political party.

(3) Each affiliated party committee shall:

(a) Adopt bylaws to include, at a minimum, the designation of a treasurer.

(b) Conduct campaigns for candidates who are members of the leader’s political party.

(d) Raise and expend funds. Such funds may not be expended or committed to be expended except when authorized by the leader of the affiliated party committee.

History.—ss. 2, 30, ch. 2011-6; HJR 7105, 2011 Regular Session.

103.095 Minor political parties.—

(1) Any group of citizens organized for the general purposes of electing to office qualified persons and determining public issues under the democratic processes of the United States may become a minor political party of this state by filing with the department a certificate showing the name of the organization, the names and addresses of its current officers, including the members of its executive committee, accompanied by a completed uniform statewide voter registration application as specified in s. 97.052 for each of its current officers and members of its executive committee which reflect their affiliation with the proposed minor political party, and a copy of its constitution, bylaws, and rules and regulations.

(2) Each elector registered to vote in the minor political party in which he or she has so designated has a fundamental right to fully and meaningfully participate in the business and affairs of the minor political party without any monetary encumbrance. The constitution, bylaws, rules, regulations, or other equivalent documents must reflect this fundamental right and must provide for and contain reasonable provisions that, at a minimum, prescribe procedures to: prescribe its membership; conduct its meetings according to generally accepted parliamentary practices; timely notify its members as to the time, date, and place of all of its meetings; timely publish notice on its public and functioning website as to the time, date, and place of all of its meetings; elect its officers; remove its officers; make party nominations when required by law; conduct campaigns for party nominees; raise and expend party funds; select delegates to its national convention, if applicable; select presidential electors, if applicable; and alter or amend all of its governing documents.

(3) The members of the executive committee must elect a chair, vice chair, secretary, and treasurer, all of whom shall be members of the minor political party, and no member may hold more than one office, except that one person may hold the offices of secretary and treasurer.

(4) Upon approval of the minor political party’s filing, the department shall process the voter registration applications submitted by the minor political party’s officers and members of its executive committee. It shall be the duty of the minor political party to notify the department of any changes in the filing certificate within 5 days after such changes.

(5) The Division of Elections shall adopt rules to prescribe the manner in which political parties, including minor political parties, may have their filings with the Department of State canceled. Such rules shall, at a minimum, provide for:

(a) Notice, which must contain the facts and conduct that warrant the intended action, including, but not limited to, the failure to have any voters registered in the party, the failure to notify the department of replacement officers, the failure to file campaign finance reports, the failure to adopt and file with the department all governing documents containing the provisions specified in subsection (2), and limited activity.

(b) Adequate opportunity to respond.

(c) Appeal of the decision to the Florida Elections Commission. Such appeals are exempt from the confidentiality provisions of s. 106.25.

(6) The requirements of this section are retroactive for any minor political party registered with the department on July 1, 2011, and must be complied with within 180 days after the department provides notice to the minor political party of the requirements contained in this section. Failure of the minor political party to comply with the requirements within 180 days after receipt of the notice shall automatically result in the cancellation of the minor political party’s registration.

History.—s. 46, ch. 2011-40.

103.101 Presidential preference primary.—

(1) Each political party other than a minor political party shall, at the presidential preference primary, elect one person to be the party’s candidate for nomination for President of the United States or select delegates to the party’s national nominating convention, as provided by party rule. The presidential preference primary shall be held on the third Tuesday in March of each presidential election year. Any party rule directing the vote of delegates at a national nominating convention shall reasonably reflect the results of the presidential preference primary, if one is held.

(2) By November 30 of the year preceding the presidential preference primary, each political party shall submit to the Secretary of State a list of its presidential candidates to be placed on the presidential preference primary ballot or candidates entitled to have delegates appear on the presidential preference primary ballot. The Secretary of State shall prepare and publish a list of the names of the presidential candidates submitted not later than on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in December of the year preceding the presidential preference primary. The Department of State shall immediately notify each presidential candidate listed by the Secretary of State. Such notification shall be in writing, by registered mail, with return receipt requested.

(3) A candidate’s name shall be printed on the presidential preference primary ballot unless the candidate submits to the Department of State, prior to the second Tuesday after the first Monday in December of the year preceding the presidential preference primary, an affidavit stating that he or she is not now, and does not presently intend to become, a candidate for President at the upcoming nominating convention. If a candidate withdraws pursuant to this subsection, the Department of State shall notify the state executive committee that the candidate’s name will not be placed on the ballot. The Department of State shall, no later than the third Tuesday after the first Monday in December of the year preceding the presidential preference primary, certify to each supervisor of elections the name of each candidate for political party nomination to be printed on the ballot.

(4) The names of candidates for political party nominations for President of the United States shall be printed on official ballots for the presidential preference primary election and shall be marked, counted, canvassed, returned, and proclaimed in the same manner and under the same conditions, so far as they are applicable, as in other state elections. If party rule requires the delegates’ names to be printed on the official presidential preference primary ballot, the name of the presidential candidates for that political party may not be printed separately, but the ballot may reflect the presidential candidate to whom the delegate is pledged. If, however, a political party has only one presidential candidate, neither the name of the candidate nor the names of the candidate’s delegates shall be printed on the ballot.

(5) The state executive committee of each party, by rule adopted at least 60 days prior to the presidential preference primary election, shall determine the number, and establish procedures to be followed in the selection, of delegates and delegate alternates from among each candidate’s supporters. A copy of any rule adopted by the executive committee shall be filed with the Department of State within 7 days after its adoption and shall become a public record. The Department of State shall review the procedures and shall notify the state executive committee of each political party of any ballot limitations.

(6) All names of candidates or delegates shall be listed as directed by the Department of State.

History.—s. 3, ch. 6469, 1913; RGS 301; CGL 357; ss. 1, 2, 3, ch. 22058, 1943; s. 1, ch. 22729, 1945; s. 1, ch. 25235, 1949; s. 7, ch. 26870, 1951; s. 1, ch. 29947, 1955; s. 4, ch. 67-353; ss. 10, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 2, ch. 71-236; s. 2, ch. 75-246; s. 1, ch. 77-174; s. 32, ch. 77-175; s. 14, ch. 82-143; s. 1, ch. 84-92; s. 1, ch. 86-97; s. 32, ch. 89-338; s. 15, ch. 91-45; s. 608, ch. 95-147; s. 28, ch. 2001-40; s. 3, ch. 2007-30; s. 27, ch. 2008-95; s. 47, ch. 2011-40; s. 28, ch. 2012-116; s. 20, ch. 2013-57; s. 1, ch. 2015-5.

Note.—Former ss. 102.03, 102.72.

103.121 Powers and duties of executive committees.—

(1)(a) Each state and county executive committee of a political party shall have the power and duty:

1. To adopt a constitution by two-thirds vote of the full committee.

2. To adopt such bylaws as it may deem necessary by majority vote of the full committee.

3. To conduct its meetings according to generally accepted parliamentary practice.

4. To make party nomination when required by law.

5. To conduct campaigns for party nominees.

6. To raise and expend party funds. Such funds may not be expended or committed to be expended except after written authorization by the chair of the state or county executive committee.

(b) The county executive committee shall receive payment of assessments upon candidates to be voted for in a single county except state senators, state representatives, and representatives to the Congress of the United States; an affiliated party committee controlled by a leader of the Senate as defined in s. 103.092 shall receive payment of assessments upon candidates for the office of state senator, and an affiliated party committee controlled by a leader of the House of Representatives as defined in s. 103.092 shall receive payment of assessments upon candidates for the office of state representative; and the state executive committees shall receive all other assessments authorized. All party assessments shall be 2 percent of the annual salary of the office sought by the respective candidate. All such committee assessments shall be remitted to the state executive committee of the appropriate party and distributed in accordance with subsection (5), except that assessments for candidates for the office of state senator or state representative shall be remitted to the appropriate affiliated party committee.

(2) The chair and treasurer of an executive committee of any political party shall be accountable for the funds of such committee and jointly liable for their proper expenditure for authorized purposes only. The funds of each such state executive committee shall be publicly audited at the end of each calendar year and a copy of such audit furnished to the Department of State for its examination prior to April 1 of the ensuing year. When filed with the Department of State, copies of such audit shall be public documents. The treasurer of each county executive committee shall maintain adequate records evidencing receipt and disbursement of all party funds received by him or her, and such records shall be publicly audited at the end of each calendar year and a copy of such audit filed with the supervisor of elections and the state executive committee prior to April 1 of the ensuing year.

(3) Any chair or treasurer of a state or county executive committee of any political party who knowingly misappropriates, or makes an unlawful expenditure of, or a false or improper accounting for, the funds of such committee is guilty of a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

(4) The central committee or other equivalent governing body of each state executive committee shall adopt a rule which governs the time and manner in which the respective county executive committees of such party may endorse, certify, screen, or otherwise recommend one or more candidates for such party’s nomination for election. Upon adoption, such rule shall provide the exclusive method by which a county committee may so endorse, certify, screen, or otherwise recommend. No later than the date on which qualifying for public office begins pursuant to s. 99.061, the chair of each county executive committee shall notify in writing the supervisor of elections of his or her county whether the county executive committee has endorsed or intends to endorse, certify, screen, or otherwise recommend candidates for nomination pursuant to party rule. A copy of such notification shall be provided to the Secretary of State and to the chair of the appropriate state executive committee.

(5) The state chair of each state executive committee shall return the 2-percent committee assessment for county candidates to the appropriate county executive committees only upon receipt of a written statement that such county executive committee chooses not to endorse, certify, screen, or otherwise recommend one or more candidates for such party’s nomination for election and upon the state chair’s determination that the county executive committee is in compliance with all Florida statutes and all state party rules, bylaws, constitutions, and requirements.

History.—ss. 20, 21, 23, 28, ch. 6469, 1913; RGS 324, 325, 327, 332; CGL 381, 382, 384, 389; s. 1, ch. 25389, 1949; s. 9, ch. 26329, 1949; s. 7, ch. 26870, 1951; s. 41, ch. 28156, 1953; s. 2, ch. 29935, 1955; s. 1, ch. 57-743; s. 1, ch. 61-157; s. 1, ch. 63-97; ss. 6, 7, 8, ch. 67-353; ss. 10, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 26, ch. 77-104; s. 32, ch. 77-175; s. 50, ch. 79-400; s. 1, ch. 82-160; s. 25, ch. 83-217; s. 2, ch. 83-242; s. 1, ch. 89-256; s. 609, ch. 95-147; s. 64, ch. 2005-277; ss. 3, 30, ch. 2011-6; HJR 7105, 2011 Regular Session.

Note.—Former ss. 102.27, 102.28, 102.30, 102.35.

103.131 Political party offices deemed vacant in certain cases.—Every political party office shall be deemed vacant in the following cases:

(1) By the death of the incumbent.

(2) By his or her resignation.

(3) By his or her removal.

(4) By his or her ceasing to be an inhabitant of the state, district, or precinct for which he or she shall have been elected or appointed.

(5) By his or her refusal to accept the office.

(6) The conviction of the incumbent of any felony.

(7) The decision of a competent tribunal declaring void his or her election or appointment, and his or her removal by said tribunal.

(8) By his or her failure to attend, without good and sufficient reason, three consecutive meetings, regular or called, of the committee of which he or she is a member.

History.—s. 1, ch. 59-68; s. 1, ch. 61-122; s. 9, ch. 67-353; s. 610, ch. 95-147.

103.141 Removal of county executive committee member for violation of oath.—If the county executive committee by at least a two-thirds majority vote of the members of the committee, attending a meeting held after due notice has been given and at which meeting a quorum is present, determines an incumbent county executive committee member is guilty of an offense involving a violation of the member’s oath of office, the member shall be removed from office and the office shall be deemed vacant. However, if the county committee wrongfully removes a county committee member and the committee member wrongfully removed files suit in the circuit court alleging his or her removal was wrongful and wins the suit, the committee member shall be restored to office and the county committee shall pay the costs incurred by the wrongfully removed committee member in bringing the suit, including reasonable attorney’s fees.

History.—s. 10, ch. 67-353; s. 611, ch. 95-147; s. 37, ch. 2007-30; s. 48, ch. 2011-40.

F.S. 103 on Google Scholar

F.S. 103 on Casetext

Amendments to 103

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 103

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

S103.121 3 - ELECTION LAWS - IMPROPER ACCOUNTING BY POLITICAL COMMITTEE - F: T

S103.121 4 - EMBEZZLE - RENUMBERED SEE REC#5971 - F: T

S705.103 4 - FRAUD - REG AFTER FAIL PAY VESSEL VEH REMOVE DISPOSE - M: F

S705.103 5 - RESIST OFFICER - DISPOSE ABANDON LOST PROP - M: S

S825.103 2a - CRIMES AGAINST PERSON - RENUMBERED. SEE REC # 7694 - F: F

S825.103 2b - CRIMES AGAINST PERSON - RENUMBERED. SEE REC # 7695 - F: S

S825.103 2c - CRIMES AGAINST PERSON - RENUMBERED. SEE REC # 7696 - F: T

S825.103 2d - CRIMES AGAINST PERSON - REPEALED 97-78 - M: F

S825.103 3a - CRIMES AGAINST PERSON - EXPLOITATION OF ELDERLY 50K DOLS OR MORE - F: F

S825.103 3b - CRIMES AGAINST PERSON - EXPLOITATION OF ELDERLY 10K DOL TO UND 50K DOL - F: S

S825.103 3c - CRIMES AGAINST PERSON - EXPLOITATION OF ELDERLY LESS THAN 10K DOL - F: T

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

CALVARY CHAPEL DAYTON VALLEY v. SISOLAK,, 140 S. Ct. 2603 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Bullock , 489 U.S. 1, 14, 109 S.Ct. 890, 103 L.Ed.2d 1 (1989) (plurality opinion) (expressing approval . . .

J. TRUMP, v. MAZARS USA, LLP, J. v. AG,, 140 S. Ct. 2019 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Thompson , 103 U.S. 168, 26 L.Ed. 377 (1881). The test that this Court created in McGrain v. . . . Thompson , 103 U.S. 168, held that the subpoena at issue was unlawful because it sought to investigate . . . since, are invested with many privileges, that of punishment for contempt being one.' " Kilbourn , 103 . . . question of ... impeachment is before either body acting in its appropriate sphere on that subject." 103 . . . Chadha , 462 U.S. 919, 951, 103 S.Ct. 2764, 77 L.Ed.2d 317 (1983). . . .

J. TRUMP, v. R. VANCE, Jr., 140 S. Ct. 2412 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Corp. , 333 U.S. 103, 111, 68 S.Ct. 431, 92 L.Ed. 568 (1948) ). . . .

MCGIRT, v. OKLAHOMA, 140 S. Ct. 2452 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Long , 463 U.S. 1032, 1038, n. 4, 103 S.Ct. 3469, 77 L.Ed.2d 1201 (1983) (quoting Fox Film Corp. v. . . . Long , 463 U.S., at 1040, 103 S.Ct. 3469. . . . Id. , at 1039, 103 S.Ct. 3469. . . . Moreover, such second-guessing disrespects "the independence of state courts," id. , at 1040, 103 S.Ct . . . to rest primarily on federal law or to be interwoven with federal law," Long , supra , at 1040-1041, 103 . . . Samuels , 507 U.S. 99, 102-103, 113 S.Ct. 1119, 122 L.Ed.2d 457 (1993). The key question Mr. . . . Creek Nation , 295 U.S. 103, 55 S.Ct. 681, 79 L.Ed. 1331 (1935). . . . Creek Nation , 295 U.S. 103, 109, 55 S.Ct. 681, 79 L.Ed. 1331 (1935). . . . Long , 463 U.S. 1032, 1040-1041, 1044, 103 S.Ct. 3469, 77 L.Ed.2d 1201 (1983). . . . Mescalero Apache Tribe , 462 U.S. 324, 325, 103 S.Ct. 2378, 76 L.Ed.2d 611 (1983) (barring State from . . .

OUR LADY OF GUADALUPE SCHOOL, v. MORRISSEY- BERRU St. v., 140 S. Ct. 2049 (U.S. 2020)

. . . United States , 461 U.S. 574, 603-605, 103 S.Ct. 2017, 76 L.Ed.2d 157 (1983), require applicants for . . . McConnell, The Origins and Historical Understanding of Free Exercise of Religion, 103 Harv. L. . . .

LITTLE SISTERS OF THE POOR SAINTS PETER AND PAUL HOME, v. PENNSYLVANIA, J. v., 140 S. Ct. 2367 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Co. , 463 U.S. 29, 43, 103 S.Ct. 2856, 77 L.Ed.2d 443 (1983) (internal quotation marks omitted). . . . Co. , 463 U.S. 29, 43, 103 S.Ct. 2856, 77 L.Ed.2d 443 (1983) (internal quotation marks omitted). . . . State Farm , 463 U.S. at 43, 103 S.Ct. 2856. . . . See State Farm , 463 U.S. at 43, 103 S.Ct. 2856. . . .

P. BARR, v. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF POLITICAL CONSULTANTS, INC., 140 S. Ct. 2335 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Perry Local Educators' Assn. , 460 U.S. 37, 45-46, 103 S.Ct. 948, 74 L.Ed.2d 794 (1983) (content-based . . .

ESPINOZA, v. MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE,, 140 S. Ct. 2246 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Long , 463 U.S. 1032, 1043, 103 S.Ct. 3469, 77 L.Ed.2d 1201 (1983). But that is not this case. . . . Taxation With Representation of Wash. , 461 U.S. 540, 549, 103 S.Ct. 1997, 76 L.Ed.2d 129 (1983). . . . McConnell, The Origins and Historical Understanding of Free Exercise of Religion, 103 Harv. L. . . . Taxation With Representation of Wash. , 461 U.S. 540, 549, 103 S.Ct. 1997, 76 L.Ed.2d 129 (1983) ; see . . .

AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, v. ALLIANCE FOR OPEN SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL, INC., 140 S. Ct. 2082 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Taxation With Representation of Wash. , 461 U.S. 540, 103 S.Ct. 1997, 76 L.Ed.2d 129 (1983), the case . . . AOSI I , 570 U.S. at 215, 133 S.Ct. 2321 (citing Regan , 461 U.S. at 544, 103 S.Ct. 1997 ). . . . AOSI I , 570 U.S. at 215, 133 S.Ct. 2321 (citing Regan , 461 U.S. at 544, 103 S.Ct. 1997 ). . . . See 461 U.S. at 544, 103 S.Ct. 1997. . . . Regan , 461 U.S. at 545, n. 6, 103 S.Ct. 1997. . . . Taxation With Representation of Wash. , 461 U.S. 540, 544-545, and n. 6, 103 S.Ct. 1997, 76 L.Ed.2d 129 . . .

JUNE MEDICAL SERVICES L. L. C. v. RUSSO, v. LLC., 140 S. Ct. 2103 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Akron Center for Reproductive Health, Inc. , 462 U.S. 416, 440, n. 30, 103 S.Ct. 2481, 76 L.Ed.2d 687 . . . Akron Center for Reproductive Health, Inc. , 462 U.S. 416, 440, n. 30, 103 S.Ct. 2481, 76 L.Ed.2d 687 . . . Craig , 429 U.S. at 196-197, 97 S.Ct. 451 ; see Akron , 462 U.S. at 440, n. 30, 103 S.Ct. 2481 ; Danforth . . . Both the hospitalization requirement in Akron , 462 U.S. at 435, 103 S.Ct. 2481, and the hospital-accreditation . . . Akron Center for Reproductive Health, Inc. , 462 U.S. 416, 452-466, 103 S.Ct. 2481, 76 L.Ed.2d 687 (1983 . . . Akron Center for Reproductive Health, Inc. , 462 U.S. 416, 458, 103 S.Ct. 2481, 76 L.Ed.2d 687 (1983) . . .

SEILA LAW LLC, v. CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, 140 S. Ct. 2183 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Chadha , 462 U.S. 919, 939, 103 S.Ct. 2764, 77 L.Ed.2d 317 (1983). . . . Chadha , 462 U.S., at 951, 103 S.Ct. 2764. They did not stop there. . . . Criminal Procedure resulted in unconstitutional judicial factfinding"); Lea, Situation Severability, 103 . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. THURAISSIGIAM, 140 S. Ct. 1959 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Plasencia , 459 U.S. 21, 32, 103 S.Ct. 321, 74 L.Ed.2d 21 (1982) ("This Court has long held that an alien . . . fundamental propositions: "[T]he power to admit or exclude aliens is a sovereign prerogative," id. , at 32, 103 . . . Plasencia , 459 U.S. at 32, 103 S.Ct. 321. . . . Id., at 103; see also An Act to Suspend the Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus for Six Months (June . . . Plasencia , 459 U.S. 21, 32, 103 S.Ct. 321, 74 L.Ed.2d 21 (1982). . . . Ante , at 1981, 103 S.Ct. 321. . . . Plasencia , 459 U.S. 21, 32, 103 S.Ct. 321, 74 L.Ed.2d 21 (1982) ). . . .

C. LIU, v. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, 140 S. Ct. 1936 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Adams , 151 U.S. 139, 148, 14 S.Ct. 295, 38 L.Ed. 103 (1894) ; Belknap v. . . . Adams , 151 U.S. 139, 148, 14 S.Ct. 295, 38 L.Ed. 103 (1894) (reversing profits award that was based . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, J. v., 140 S. Ct. 1891 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Id. , at 47, 103 S.Ct. 2856. . . . Id. , at 47, 103 S.Ct. 2856. . . . Id. , at 51, 103 S.Ct. 2856. . . . State Farm , 463 U.S. at 43, 103 S.Ct. 2856. . . . State Farm , 463 U.S. at 51, 103 S.Ct. 2856. . . .

BOSTOCK, v. CLAYTON COUNTY, GEORGIA v. Jr. Co- R. G. G. R. v., 140 S. Ct. 1731 (U.S. 2020)

. . . EEOC , 462 U.S. 669, 682-685, 103 S.Ct. 2622, 77 L.Ed.2d 89 (1983). . . . Stat., ch. 775, §§ 5/1-103(Q), 5/2-102(A) (West 2018) (prohibiting discrimination because of "sex, .. . . . Eskridge, Dishonorable Passions, at 103. . . .

L. BAXTER v. BRACEY,, 140 S. Ct. 1862 (U.S. 2020)

. . . LaHue , 460 U.S. 325, 337, 103 S.Ct. 1108, 75 L.Ed.2d 96 (1983). . . . Horton , 152 Mass. 540, 548, 26 N.E. 100, 103 (1891) (Holmes, J.); see also Baude, supra, at 55-58 ; . . .

GE ENERGY POWER CONVERSION FRANCE SAS, CORP. SAS, v. OUTOKUMPU STAINLESS USA, LLC,, 140 S. Ct. 1637 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Board of Trustees of Leland Stanford Junior Univ. , 489 U.S. 468, 479, 109 S.Ct. 1248, 103 L.Ed.2d 488 . . . Board of Trustees of Leland Stanford Junior Univ. , 489 U.S. 468, 474, 109 S.Ct. 1248, 103 L.Ed.2d 488 . . .

FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR PUERTO RICO, v. AURELIUS INVESTMENT, LLC, LLC, III v. LLC, v. LLC, n De De La El Y v., 140 S. Ct. 1649 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Chadha , 462 U.S. 919, 955, 103 S.Ct. 2764, 77 L.Ed.2d 317 (1983) (noting that the Constitution prescribes . . . Chadha , 462 U.S. 919, 952, 103 S.Ct. 2764, 77 L.Ed.2d 317 (1983) ). . . .

NASRALLAH, v. P. BARR,, 140 S. Ct. 1683 (U.S. 2020)

. . . removal "includes all matters on which the validity of the final order is contingent." 462 U.S. 919, 938, 103 . . .

BANISTER, v. DAVIS,, 140 S. Ct. 1698 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Ernst & Whinney , 489 U.S. 169, 174, 109 S.Ct. 987, 103 L.Ed.2d 146 (1989). . . . Murphy , 103 F.2d 492, 493 (CA10 1939) (sua sponte alteration deemed void on appeal); Tiberg v. . . .

OPATI, v. REPUBLIC OF SUDAN,, 140 S. Ct. 1601 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Central Bank of Nigeria , 461 U.S. 480, 487, 103 S.Ct. 1962, 76 L.Ed.2d 81 (1983). . . . Verlinden , 461 U.S. at 486, 103 S.Ct. 1962. . . . See id., at 486-487, 103 S.Ct. 1962. . . . See id., at 487-488, 103 S.Ct. 1962. . . . Id ., at 488, 103 S.Ct. 1962. . . .

MAINE COMMUNITY HEALTH OPTIONS, v. UNITED STATES v. v. v., 140 S. Ct. 1308 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Mitchell , 463 U.S. 206, 212, 103 S.Ct. 2961, 77 L.Ed.2d 580 (1983). . . . Mitchell , 463 U.S. at 216, 103 S.Ct. 2961. . . . Tribe , 537 U.S. 465, 472, 123 S.Ct. 1126, 155 L.Ed.2d 40 (2003) (quoting Mitchell , 463 U.S. at 217, 103 . . . Mitchell , 463 U.S. at 216-217, 103 S.Ct. 2961 (internal quotation marks omitted). . . . damages suits under the Tucker Act "in carefully limited circumstances"); Mitchell , 463 U.S. at 217, 103 . . . Mitchell , 463 U.S. 206, 224-228, 103 S.Ct. 2961, 77 L.Ed.2d 580 (1983) (relying on "fiduciary relationship . . .

GEORGIA, v. PUBLIC. RESOURCE. ORG, INC., 140 S. Ct. 1498 (U.S. 2020)

. . . ." § 103(b); see also Feist Publications, Inc. v. . . .

NEW YORK STATE RIFLE PISTOL ASSOCIATION, INC. v. CITY OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK,, 140 S. Ct. 1525 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Hobby , 506 U.S. 103, 109, 113 S.Ct. 566, 121 L.Ed.2d 494 (1992). . . .

ROMAG FASTENERS, INC. v. FOSSIL, INC., 140 S. Ct. 1492 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Wade , 461 U.S. 30, 38-51, 103 S.Ct. 1625, 75 L.Ed.2d 632 (1983) ( 42 U.S.C. § 1983 ); Morissette v. . . .

ATLANTIC RICHFIELD COMPANY, v. A. CHRISTIAN,, 140 S. Ct. 1335 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Central Bank of Nigeria , 461 U.S. 480, 492, 103 S.Ct. 1962, 76 L.Ed.2d 81 (1983) ). . . .

RAMOS, v. LOUISIANA, 140 S. Ct. 1390 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Gates , 462 U.S. 213, 103 S.Ct. 2317, 76 L.Ed.2d 527 (1983) ; United States v. . . . Lane , 489 U.S. 288, 311, 109 S.Ct. 1060, 103 L.Ed.2d 334 (1989) (plurality opinion); Griffith v. . . . Lane , 489 U.S. 288, 315, 109 S.Ct. 1060, 103 L.Ed.2d 334 (1989) (plurality opinion). . . . Akron Center for Reproductive Health, Inc. , 462 U.S. 416, 103 S.Ct. 2481, 76 L.Ed.2d 687 (1983), and . . . Code Ann. §§ 4-102, 4-103 (2018); Mich. Comp. Laws § 767.1 (1979) ; Mo. Const., Art. . . . 556 U.S. 332, 345-347, 129 S.Ct. 1710, 173 L.Ed.2d 485 (2009). 489 U.S. 288, 311-312, 109 S.Ct. 1060, 103 . . .

BABB, v. WILKIE,, 140 S. Ct. 1168 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Citizens for Better Environment , 523 U.S. 83, 103, 118 S.Ct. 1003, 140 L.Ed.2d 210 (1998). . . .

KANSAS, v. GLOVER, 140 S. Ct. 1183 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Royer , 460 U.S. 491, 500, 103 S.Ct. 1319, 75 L.Ed.2d 229 (1983) (plurality opinion); Brown v. . . .

VF JEANSWEAR LP v. EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION, 140 S. Ct. 1202 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Hearst Corp. , 103 F.3d 462, 469 (1997). . . . Hearst , 103 F.3d at 467. . . . Ninth Circuit acknowledged that its reading conflicted with the Fifth Circuit's decision in Hearst , 103 . . .

REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE, v. DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE,, 140 S. Ct. 1205 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Celebrezze , 460 U.S. 780, 789, 103 S.Ct. 1564, 75 L.Ed.2d 547 (1983). . . . See Tr. 102-103 (Apr. 1, 2020). . . .

COMCAST CORPORATION, v. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF AFRICAN AMERICAN- OWNED MEDIA,, 140 S. Ct. 1009 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Rev. 103, 108-109 (1911) ; White, The Emergence and Doctrinal Development of Tort Law, 1870-1930, 11 . . . Aikens , 460 U.S. 711, 715-716, 103 S.Ct. 1478, 75 L.Ed.2d 403 (1983). . . .

L. ALLEN, v. A. COOPER, III,, 140 S. Ct. 994 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Copyright Office, Copyright Liability of States and the Eleventh Amendment 103 (1988) (Oman Report). . . .

KANSAS, v. GARCIA v. v., 140 S. Ct. 791 (U.S. 2020)

. . . State Energy Resources Conservation and Development Comm'n , 461 U.S. 190, 203, 103 S.Ct. 1713, 75 L.Ed . . .

HOLGUIN- HERNANDEZ, v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 762 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Bras , 483 F.3d 103, 113 (C.A.D.C. 2007). . . .

INTEL CORPORATION INVESTMENT POLICY COMMITTEE, v. M. SULYMA, 140 S. Ct. 768 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Bruch , 489 U.S. 101, 118, 109 S.Ct. 948, 103 L.Ed.2d 80 (1989) (quoting H.R. Rep. . . . Michigan Dept. of Treasury , 489 U.S. 803, 809, 109 S.Ct. 1500, 103 L.Ed.2d 891 (1989), petitioners' . . .

SHULAR, v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 779 (U.S. 2020)

. . . United States , 498 U.S. 103, 108, 111 S.Ct. 461, 112 L.Ed.2d 449 (1990) ; Callanan v. . . .

MCKINNEY, v. ARIZONA, 140 S. Ct. 702 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Stephens , 462 U.S. 862, 103 S.Ct. 2733, 77 L.Ed.2d 235 (1983) ; Gregg v. . . . Lane , 489 U.S. 288, 310, 109 S.Ct. 1060, 103 L.Ed.2d 334 (1989) (plurality opinion). . . . Lane , 489 U.S. 288, 309-310, 109 S.Ct. 1060, 103 L.Ed.2d 334 (1989) (plurality opinion)-has little purchase . . .

MONASKY, v. TAGLIERI, 140 S. Ct. 719 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Beaumont & McEleavy 103 (internal quotation marks omitted). . . . Transnat'l L. & Pol'y 101, 103 (2001) (footnote omitted). . . .

C. HERNANDEZ, v. MESA, Jr., 140 S. Ct. 735 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Wallace , 462 U.S. 296, 103 S.Ct. 2362, 76 L.Ed.2d 586 (1983) ; Bush v. . . . Lucas , 462 U.S. 367, 103 S.Ct. 2404, 76 L.Ed.2d 648 (1983). . . . Corp. , 333 U.S. 103, 111, 68 S.Ct. 431, 92 L.Ed. 568 (1948) ). . . . Lucas , 462 U.S. 367, 103 S.Ct. 2404, 76 L.Ed.2d 648 (1983) ; Chappell v. . . . Wallace , 462 U.S. 296, 103 S.Ct. 2362, 76 L.Ed.2d 586 (1983). United States v. . . .

ROMAN CATHOLIC ARCHDIOCESE OF SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO v. ACEVEDO FELICIANO,, 140 S. Ct. 696 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Huidekoper , 103 U.S. 485, 493, 26 L.Ed. 354 (1881). . . .

PETER, v. NANTKWEST, INC., 140 S. Ct. 365 (U.S. 2019)

. . . Sierra Club , 463 U.S. 680, 683, 103 S.Ct. 3274, 77 L.Ed.2d 938 (1983) ). . . . Ruckelshaus , 463 U.S. at 683, 103 S.Ct. 3274. . . . Rodgers , 461 U.S. 677, 716, 103 S.Ct. 2132, 76 L.Ed.2d 236 (1983). . . .

STRIKEFORCE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. v. SECUREAUTH CORPORATION., 140 S. Ct. 245 (U.S. 2019)

. . . No. 19-103 Supreme Court of the United States. . . .

UNITED STATES, v. ROMERO, Jr., 935 F.3d 1124 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Long , 463 U.S. 1032, 1035, 103 S.Ct. 3469, 77 L.Ed.2d 1201 (1983). . . . Id. at 1036, 103 S.Ct. 3469. . . . Id. at 1051-53, 103 S.Ct. 3469. . . . Long , 463 U.S. at 1052, 103 S.Ct. 3469 (emphasis added). . . . Long , 463 U.S. at 1052, 103 S.Ct. 3469. . . .

WATTS, v. WATTS,, 935 F.3d 1138 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Cristofano , 719 F.3d 100, 103 (2d Cir. 2013) (acknowledging that the Convention's use of the term "habitual . . .

ELHADY, v. H. KABLE,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 562 (E.D. Va. 2019)

. . . . ¶¶ 97-103, 105; and the Department of Defense ("DOD"), which uses the TSDB to screen individuals accessing . . . Lyons , 461 U.S. 95, 102, 103 S.Ct. 1660, 75 L.Ed.2d 675 (1983) ). . . . Statement of Material Facts ¶¶ 97-103, 105-06. . . .

ANIMAL LEGAL DEFENSE FUND v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 935 F.3d 858 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Reporters Comm. for Freedom of the Press , 489 U.S. 749, 772-73, 109 S.Ct. 1468, 103 L.Ed.2d 774 (1989 . . .

UNITED STATES v. BAPTISTE,, 935 F.3d 1304 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Evid. 103(a) ; see also United States v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. LILLARD,, 935 F.3d 827 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 498 U.S. 103, 108, 111 S.Ct. 461, 112 L.Ed.2d 449 (1990) (internal citations omitted) . . .

D. WALDRON, TRUSTEE FOR VENTURE FINANCIAL GROUP, INC. v. FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION,, 935 F.3d 844 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . No. 101-73, 103 Stat. 183. The bankruptcy court denied the motion. . . .

F. SHARPE, v. UNITED STATES,, 935 F.3d 1352 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Ins. , 463 U.S. 29, 43, 103 S.Ct. 2856, 77 L.Ed.2d 443 (1983) ; then quoting Balt. Gas & Elec. . . . Council, Inc. , 462 U.S. 87, 105, 103 S.Ct. 2246, 76 L.Ed.2d 437 (1983) ). Mr. . . .

L. SMITH, v. SHARP,, 935 F.3d 1064 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . understood and comprehended in existing law beyond any possibility for fairminded disagreement," id. at 103 . . . Lane, 489 U.S. 288, 301, 109 S.Ct. 1060, 103 L.Ed.2d 334 (1989). . . .

UNITED STATES v. TOWN OF COLORADO CITY,, 935 F.3d 804 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . to show that the Towns were responsible for the alleged misconduct." 489 U.S. 378, 109 S.Ct. 1197, 103 . . .

BIRD, v. i DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SERVICES DHS, R., 935 F.3d 738 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . County of Geauga , 103 F.3d 516, 518, 522 (6th Cir. 1997), where the Sixth Circuit quoted VHA 's assertion . . . See Kuhnle , 103 F.3d at 522 (explaining that a statute "does not become immunized from legal challenge . . . Although the courts used broader language in reaching their holdings, see Kuhnle , 103 F.3d at 522 ; . . . roads, thereby depriving him every day of his "fundamental constitutional right to intrastate travel." 103 . . . The Kuhnle court's discussion relies primarily on the continuing violations doctrine, see 103 F.3d at . . .

EDMO, v. CORIZON, INC. Al v. Al, 935 F.3d 757 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . obligation to provide medical care for those whom it is punishing by incarceration," Estelle , 429 U.S. at 103 . . .

BELLITTO, v. SNIPES,, 935 F.3d 1192 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . No. 103-31, 107 Stat. 77 (codified as amended at 52 U.S.C. §§ 20501 - 20511 (2012) ). . . . No. 103-31, 107 Stat. 77 (codified as amended at 52 U.S.C. §§ 20501 - 20511 (2012) ). . . . Ron Pair Enters., Inc., 489 U.S. 235, 241, 109 S.Ct. 1026, 103 L.Ed.2d 290 (1989). . . . Rep. 103-9, at 4 (1993). . . .

IN RE BOWLES,, 935 F.3d 1210 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Lane, 489 U.S. 288, 109 S.Ct. 1060, 103 L.Ed.2d 334 (1989) ). . . .

BOWLES, v. SECRETARY, FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS,, 935 F.3d 1176 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Lands, 461 U.S. 273, 292, 103 S.Ct. 1811, 75 L.Ed.2d 840 (1983) ; see also Gonzalez v. . . .

CHAMBERLAIN GROUP, INC. v. TECHTRONIC INDUSTRIES CO. OWT ET Co., 935 F.3d 1341 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . J.A. 103-05. . . .

PANAH, v. CHAPPELL,, 935 F.3d 657 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Texas, 355 U.S. 28, 31, 78 S.Ct. 103, 2 L.Ed.2d 9 (1957) (considering whether "testimony, taken as a . . . Panah's reliance on Alcorta, 355 U.S. 28, 78 S.Ct. 103, also is misplaced. . . . Id. at 31, 78 S.Ct. 103. . . .

DYROFF, v. ULTIMATE SOFTWARE GROUP, INC., 934 F.3d 1093 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 103, 359 P.3d 714. . . .

UNITED STATES v. WILLIAMS, Sr., 934 F.3d 1122 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Evid. 103(b). . . .

SEMPLE, a a k a a v. GRISWOLD, Be USA A., 934 F.3d 1134 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Celebrezze, 460 U.S. 780, 782, 103 S.Ct. 1564, 75 L.Ed.2d 547 (1983), the Court addressed "whether Ohio's . . . Id. at 786, 103 S.Ct. 1564 (quotations omitted). . . . Id. at 788, 103 S.Ct. 1564. . . . Id. at 789, 103 S.Ct. 1564. . . . Anderson, 460 U.S. at 789, 103 S.Ct. 1564. . . . Celebrezze , 460 U.S. 780, 103 S.Ct. 1564, 75 L.Ed.2d 547 (1983). . . . that information is only relevant to but one piece of the Anderson balancing test. 460 U.S. at 789, 103 . . .

UNITED STATES v. A. ADAMS,, 934 F.3d 720 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Gates , 462 U.S. 213, 236, 103 S.Ct. 2317, 76 L.Ed.2d 527 (1983). . . . Aljabari , 626 F.3d 940, 944 (7th Cir. 2010) ; see generally Gates , 462 U.S. at 235, 103 S.Ct. 2317. . . . Gates , 462 U.S. at 245 n.13, 103 S.Ct. 2317 ("probable cause requires only a probability or substantial . . .

UNITED STATES v. ANGUIANO, Jr., 934 F.3d 871 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Gates , 462 U.S. 213, 238, 103 S.Ct. 2317, 76 L.Ed.2d 527 (1983). * * * The judgment of the district . . .

ANDERSON, AS TRUSTEE FOR NEXT- OF- KIN OF ANDERSON v. CITY OF MINNEAPOLIS Dr. M. D. HCMC D. J. A. F. HCMC M. D. s J. L. L. T. D. M. T., 934 F.3d 876 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Servs. , 489 U.S. 189, 195, 109 S.Ct. 998, 103 L.Ed.2d 249 (1989). . . . Harris , 489 U.S. 378, 388, 109 S.Ct. 1197, 103 L.Ed.2d 412 (1989). . . .

STONE, v. TROY CONSTRUCTION, LLC, 935 F.3d 141 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . (App. at 103.) . . . (App. at 103.) . . .

WOLFINGTON, v. RECONSTRUCTIVE ORTHOPAEDIC ASSOCIATES II PC, a k a, 935 F.3d 187 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Arms Co. , 103 U.S. 261, 26 L.Ed. 539 (1880) ). Id. (citing Rhoades, Inc. v. . . . Arms Co. , 103 U.S. 261, 26 L.Ed. 539 (1880) ). JA 101. JA 101-02. JA 102. JA 42. . . .

BACA v. COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF STATE, G. T. L. M., 935 F.3d 887 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Lyons , 461 U.S. 95, 109-10, 103 S.Ct. 1660, 75 L.Ed.2d 675 (1983) (recognizing a plaintiff's standing . . . City of L.A. , 493 U.S. 103, 106, 110 S.Ct. 444, 107 L.Ed.2d 420 (1989) ). . . . Zwickler , 394 U.S. 103, 109, 89 S.Ct. 956, 22 L.Ed.2d 113 (1969) (concluding the petitioner lacked standing . . . City of L.A. , 493 U.S. 103, 107, 110 S.Ct. 444, 107 L.Ed.2d 420 (1989) (footnote omitted). . . .

PARKER, v. LANDRY,, 935 F.3d 9 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . United States, 734 F.3d 100, 103 (1st Cir. 2013) ; Rodríguez-Reyes v. . . .

BURKE, v. REGALADO, v., 935 F.3d 960 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Evid. 103(a). . . . Evid. 103(a)(1)(B). . . . Evid. 103(a). b. Sheriff Glanz's misdemeanors After Mr. . . . Evid. 103(a). . . . Wade , 461 U.S. 30, 56, 103 S.Ct. 1625, 75 L.Ed.2d 632 (1983) ; Hardeman v. . . .

CHEMEHUEVI INDIAN TRIBE, v. MCMAHON,, 934 F.3d 1076 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . California , 460 U.S. 605, 636 n.26, 103 S.Ct. 1382, 75 L.Ed.2d 318 (1983), for the proposition that . . . See id. at 631-32, 103 S.Ct. 1382. . . .

GUPTA, v. MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY, LLC,, 934 F.3d 705 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Anheuser-Busch, Inc. , 219 Ill.2d 135, 301 Ill.Dec. 440, 847 N.E.2d 99, 103, 107 (2006). . . .

CONILLE v. COUNCIL AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE, COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES, 935 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Local 103, Int'l Bhd. of Elec. . . . Workers, Local 71, 502 U.S. 93, 103, 112 S.Ct. 494, 116 L.Ed.2d 419 (1991) ; Lydon, 770 F.3d at 54 (" . . .

NOBRE, ON BEHALF OF K. M. C. L. G. v. LOUISIANA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SAFETY, 935 F.3d 437 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Mangano Corp. , 774 So. 2d 101, 103 (La. 2000). La. Civ. Code art. 3506(8). Id. art. 197. . . . Jenkins , 774 So. 2d at 103 ; Henderson , 2012 WL 3109482 at *4 (citing La. Civ. Code art. 197 cmt. . . .

BENTLEY, v. AUTOZONERS, LLC, LLC,, 935 F.3d 76 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Bd. of Educ ., 243 F.3d 93, 103 (2d Cir. 2001) )); Gallo v. Prudential Residential Servs., Ltd. . . .

UNITED STATES v. CANO,, 934 F.3d 1002 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Royer , 460 U.S. 491, 500, 103 S.Ct. 1319, 75 L.Ed.2d 229 (1983). 2. . . . Kim , 103 F. . . .

SENNE v. KANSAS CITY ROYALS BASEBALL CORP. LLC LLC LP St. LLC LLC LLC LLC L. P. L. P. LLC LLC L. P. AZPB L. P. P LLC LLC LP LLP LLC LLC,, 934 F.3d 918 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . choice-of-law provision and the applicability of the governmental interest test. 24 Cal. 4th 906, 915, 103 . . . the Restatement (Second) of Conflict of Laws under Nedlloyd applied to the class action, id. at 918, 103 . . . apply under Nedlloyd , the court must undertake the governmental interest analysis, id. at 919-21, 103 . . . Bank, FA , 24 Cal. 4th at 922, 103 Cal.Rptr.2d 320, 15 P.3d 1071. . . . Superior Court , 24 Cal.4th 906, 103 Cal.Rptr.2d 320, 15 P.3d 1071, 1081 (2001) ). . . .

TIJERINO v. STETSON DESERT PROJECT, LLC, L J., 934 F.3d 968 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Cal. , 463 U.S. 1, 27-28, 103 S.Ct. 2841, 77 L.Ed.2d 420 (1983). . . . Franchise Tax Bd. , 463 U.S. at 27-28, 103 S.Ct. 2841. . . .

UNITED STATES v. BROWN,, 935 F.3d 43 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Crosby , 397 F.3d 103, 117-19 (2d Cir. 2005), abrogated in part on other grounds as recognized in United . . .

A. VAN BUSKIRK A. v. UNITED GROUP OF COMPANIES, INC. DCG LLC, DCG UGOC II, LLC, J. F. MCM LLC, LLC, F. F. W. Jr., 935 F.3d 49 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Co. , 126 F.3d 100, 103 (2d Cir. 1997). . . .

BOXILL, v. P. O GRADY E. E. T., 935 F.3d 510 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Myers , 461 U.S. 138, 146, 103 S.Ct. 1684, 75 L.Ed.2d 708 (1983). . . . allegations of sexual harassment[ ] ... are matters of public concern."); Connick , 461 U.S. at 146, 103 . . .

A. CARVELLI, v. OCWEN FINANCIAL CORPORATION, M. R. Jr., 934 F.3d 1307 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id . at 103. . . .

UNITED STATES v. CLARK,, 935 F.3d 558 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Gates , 462 U.S. 213, 239, 103 S.Ct. 2317, 76 L.Ed.2d 527 (1983). . . . Gates , 462 U.S. at 238, 103 S.Ct. 2317 ; Glover , 755 F.3d at 816. . . .

UNITED STATES v. SCANZANI,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 210 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Gates , 462 U.S. 213, 243, n. 13, 103 S.Ct. 2317, 76 L.Ed.2d 527 (1983). . . . Id. at 238, 103 S.Ct. 2317. . . .

PIZZUTO, Jr. v. BLADES,, 933 F.3d 1166 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Richter , 562 U.S. 86, 103, 131 S.Ct. 770, 178 L.Ed.2d 624 (2011). . . . Woodall , 572 U.S. at 427, 134 S.Ct. 1697 (quoting Richter , 562 U.S. at 103, 131 S.Ct. 770 ). . . . Richter , 562 U.S. at 103, 131 S.Ct. 770. . . . beyond any possibility for fairminded disagreement.' " (footnote omitted) (quoting Richter , 562 U.S. at 103 . . . Ritchie , 103 Idaho 515, 650 P.2d 657, 661 (1982) - applies where, as here, the nonmoving party has made . . .

ROMO, v. P. BARR,, 933 F.3d 1191 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . L. 103-416, § 203, 108 Stat. 4305, 4311 (indicating that the language constitutes a clarification). . . .

SANOFI- AVENTIS U. S. LLC, IP, v. DR. REDDY S LABORATORIES, INC. Dr. s USA, LLC, LLC, LLC,, 933 F.3d 1367 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Pre-Clinical Pharmacology of Drugs for Reversing Multidrug Resistance , 43 Biochemical Pharmacology 103 . . .

UNITED STATES v. C. BROWN, v. N., 934 F.3d 1278 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 325 U.S. 91, 103, 105, 65 S.Ct. 1031, 89 L.Ed. 1495 (1945) (plurality opinion)). . . .

LILLY, v. CITY OF NEW YORK NYPD No. NYPD No., 934 F.3d 222 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 429, 103 S.Ct. 1933, 76 L.Ed.2d 40 (1983). . . . See Arbor Hill, 522 F.3d at 186 ; see also Hensley , 461 U.S. at 429-30, 103 S.Ct. 1933. 487 F.2d 161 . . . Bergeron, 489 U.S. 87, 109 S.Ct. 939, 103 L.Ed.2d 67 (1989). See id. at 717-19. . . . (citing Hensley , 461 U.S. at 434 n.9, 103 S.Ct. 1933 ). Hensley, 461 U.S. at 433, 103 S.Ct. 1933. . . . Id. at 435-37, 103 S.Ct. 1933. 465 U.S. 886, 896-97, 104 S.Ct. 1541, 79 L.Ed.2d 891 (1984). . . .

CHABAD LUBAVITCH OF LITCHFIELD COUNTY, INC. v. LITCHFIELD HISTORIC DISTRICT COMMISSION,, 934 F.3d 238 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Hobby , 506 U.S. 103, 111, 113 S.Ct. 566, 121 L.Ed.2d 494 (1992) ). . . .

ARCHER AND WHITE SALES, INCORPORATED, v. HENRY SCHEIN, INCORPORATED L. L. C. L. L. C., 935 F.3d 274 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Corp. , 460 U.S. 1, 24-25, 103 S.Ct. 927, 74 L.Ed.2d 765 (1983) ("[A]s a matter of federal law, any doubts . . . Of Trustees of Leland Stanford Junior Univ. , 489 U.S. 468, 478, 109 S.Ct. 1248, 103 L.Ed.2d 488 (1989 . . .

ESTATE OF ROMAIN, v. CITY OF GROSSE POINTE FARMS A. J., 935 F.3d 485 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . returned a child to his abusive father who then beat the child again. 489 U.S. 189, 192-93, 109 S.Ct. 998, 103 . . . Winnebago County Department of Social Services , 489 U.S. 189, 109 S.Ct. 998, 103 L.Ed.2d 249 (1989), . . .

JEFFERIES, v. UNC REGIONAL PHYSICIANS PEDIATRICS, 392 F. Supp. 3d 620 (M.D.N.C. 2019)

. . . CSX Transp., Inc., 824 F.3d 103, 108 (4th Cir. 2016) (explaining that the "knowledge" relevant for a . . .

IN RE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE S SUNDAY TICKET ANTITRUST LITIGATION, Jr. v. LLC LLC NFL LLC LLC LP LLC LLC NFL LP LLC LP LLC LP Co. LLC LP LLC, 933 F.3d 1136 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . NCAA , 468 U.S. at 103-04, 104 S.Ct. 2948 (quoting Nat'l Soc'y of Prof'l Eng'rs , 435 U.S. at 690, 98 . . . Id. at 103, 104 S.Ct. 2948. . . .

J. MALOUF, v. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION,, 933 F.3d 1248 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . SEC , 329 U.S. 90, 115, 67 S.Ct. 133, 91 L.Ed. 103 (1946) ). . . .

KOH, v. USTICH,, 933 F.3d 836 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id . at 103. Id ., Interview Video 2 at 45:20-32. Interview Tr. at 117-18. . . .

EFFEX CAPITAL, LLC, v. NATIONAL FUTURES ASSOCIATION,, 933 F.3d 882 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Comm'n , 461 U.S. 190, 203, 103 S.Ct. 1713, 75 L.Ed.2d 752 (1983) ; Frank Bros., Inc. v. . . . Lucas , 462 U.S. 367, 390, 103 S.Ct. 2404, 76 L.Ed.2d 648 (1983) ; and a race-discrimination suit against . . . Wallace , 462 U.S. 296, 297, 304-05, 103 S.Ct. 2362, 76 L.Ed.2d 586 (1983). . . .

OWNER OPERATOR INDEPENDENT DRIVERS ASSOCIATION, INC. L. B. L. LLC G. v. PENNSYLVANIA TURNPIKE COMMISSION S. PTC K. PTC T. PTC T. Sr. PTC N. PTC P. PTC R. PTC s, 934 F.3d 283 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Emp'rs, Inc., 460 U.S. 204, 213, 103 S.Ct. 1042, 75 L.Ed.2d 1 (1983) (citation omitted). . . .

J. BAUWENS, v. REVCON TECHNOLOGY GROUP, INC., 935 F.3d 534 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Bruch , 489 U.S. 101, 110, 109 S.Ct. 948, 103 L.Ed.2d 80 (1989) (quoting Pilot Life Ins. Co. v. . . .