The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XXXIII
REGULATION OF TRADE, COMMERCE, INVESTMENTS, AND SOLICITATIONS

Chapter 546
AMUSEMENT FACILITIES

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CHAPTER 546

AMUSEMENT FACILITIES

546.001 Short title.

546.002 Definitions.

546.003 Requirement for insurance coverage or bond.

546.004 Local licenses, permits, and certificates.

546.006 Exemptions.

546.008 Penalties for violation of s. 546.003.

546.10 Amusement games or machines.

546.001 Short title.—Sections 546.001-546.008 may be cited as the “Amusement Ride and Attraction Insurance Act.”

History.—s. 1, ch. 83-110.

546.002 Definitions.—As used in ss. 546.001-546.008, the term:

(1) “Amusement attraction” means any building or structure around, over, or through which persons may move or walk, without the aid of any moving device integral to the building or structure, which building or structure provides amusement, pleasure, thrills, or excitement. This term does not include enterprises principally devoted to the exhibition of products of agriculture, industry, education, science, religion, or the arts.

(2) “Amusement ride” means any mechanical device which carries or conveys passengers around, over, or along a fixed or restricted route or course or within a defined area for the purpose of giving its passengers amusement, pleasure, thrills, or excitement.

History.—s. 2, ch. 83-110.

546.003 Requirement for insurance coverage or bond.—No person may operate an amusement ride or amusement attraction unless at the time of such operation there is in existence:

(1) An insurance policy in an amount of not less than $1 million per occurrence insuring the owner or operator against liability for injury to persons arising out of the use of the amusement ride or amusement attraction; or

(2) A bond in a like amount; however, the aggregate liability of the surety under such bond shall not exceed the face amount thereof.

The policy or bond shall be procured from one or more insurers or sureties licensed to transact business in this state or approved as surplus lines insurers.

History.—s. 4, ch. 83-110.

546.004 Local licenses, permits, and certificates.—An amusement ride or amusement attraction may not be granted any license, permit, or registration to engage in business by any local government until the proper governmental authority has been satisfied that the amusement ride or amusement attraction has met the requirements of s. 546.003.

History.—s. 3, ch. 83-110.

546.006 Exemptions.—The following amusement rides and amusement attractions are exempt from the provisions of ss. 546.001-546.008:

(1) Nonmechanized playground equipment, including, but not limited to, swings, seesaws, stationary spring-mounted animal features, rider-propelled merry-go-rounds, climbers, slides, trampolines, swinging gates, and physical fitness devices, except when an admission fee is charged for use of such equipment or an admission fee is charged to areas where such equipment is located.

(2) An amusement ride or amusement attraction which is owned and operated by a nonprofit religious, educational, or charitable institution or association or by a fair; however, if such ride or attraction is located within a building, the ride or attraction is exempt only if the building is subject to inspection by the State Fire Marshal or by a political subdivision of the state under its building, fire, electrical, and related public safety ordinances.

History.—s. 5, ch. 83-110; s. 71, ch. 87-225; s. 1, ch. 87-264; s. 2, ch. 89-111.

546.008 Penalties for violation of s. 546.003.—Any person who operates an amusement ride or amusement attraction in violation of the provisions of s. 546.003 is guilty of a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.

History.—s. 6, ch. 83-110; s. 134, ch. 91-224.

546.10 Amusement games or machines.—

(1) This section may be cited as the “Family Amusement Games Act.”

(2) The Legislature finds that regulation of the operation of skill-based amusement games or machines at specified locations to ensure compliance with the requirements of law is appropriate to prevent expansion of casino-style gambling. Therefore, the Legislature finds that there is a compelling state interest in clarifying the operation and use of amusement games or machines to ensure that provisions regulating these devices are not subject to abuse or interpreted in any manner as creating an exception to the state’s general prohibitions against gambling.

(3) As used in this section, the term:

(a) “Amusement game or machine” means a game or machine operated only for the bona fide entertainment of the general public which a person activates by inserting or using currency or a coin, card, coupon, slug, token, or similar device, and, by the application of skill, with no material element of chance inherent in the game or machine, the person playing or operating the game or machine controls the outcome of the game. The term does not include:

1. Any game or machine that uses mechanical slot reels, video depictions of slot machine reels or symbols, or video simulations or video representations of any other casino game, including, but not limited to, any banked or banking card game, poker, bingo, pull-tab, lotto, roulette, or craps.

2. A game in which the player does not control the outcome of the game through skill or a game where the outcome is determined by factors not visible, known, or predictable to the player.

3. A video poker game or any other game or machine that may be construed as a gambling device under the laws of this state.

4. Any game or device defined as a gambling device in 15 U.S.C. s. 1171, unless excluded under 15 U.S.C. s. 1178.

(b) “Arcade amusement center” means a place of business having at least 50 amusement games or machines on premises which is operated for the entertainment of the general public and tourists as a bona fide amusement facility.

1. Which is used to activate an amusement game or machine.

2. Which contains a microprocessor chip, magnetic stripe, or other means for storing, retrieving, and transferring information, which may include information regarding coupons or points that are won and that may be redeemed for merchandise.

3. Which is prefunded.

4. For which the prefunded value is reduced by the cost of play.

(d) “Game play” means the process of events beginning with the activation of the amusement game or machine and ending when the results of play are determined without the insertion or the use of any additional currency, coin, card, coupon, slug, token, or similar device to continue play. A free replay is not a separate game played.

(e) “Material element of chance inherent in the game or machine” means that:

1. The possibility of the player succeeding at the game or accomplishing the player’s task is determined by the number or ratio of prior wins or prior losses of players playing the game;

2. An award of value is not based solely on the player achieving the object of the game or on the player’s score;

3. The number of the coupons or points awarded or the value of the prize awarded for successfully playing the game can be controlled by a source other than the player or players playing the game;

4. The ability of the player to succeed at the game is determined by a game feature or design that changes the effect of the player’s actions and that is not discernible or known by the player;

5. The accomplishment of the player’s task requires the exercise of a skill that no player could exercise;

6. A computer-based or mechanical random number generator or other factor that is not discernible, known, or predictable by the player determines the outcome or winner of the game; or

7. The game is designed or adapted with a control device to allow manipulation of the game by the operator in order to prevent a player from winning or to predetermine which player will win.

(f) “Merchandise” means noncash prizes maintained on the premises by the operator of the amusement game or machine, including toys and novelties. The term does not include:

1. A cash equivalent, such as a gift card or certificate;

2. An alcoholic beverage;

3. A tobacco product;

4. A card, coupon, point, slug, token, or similar device that can be used to activate an amusement game or machine;

5. A coupon or a point that has a redemption value greater than the maximum value determined under subsection (7); or

6. Any prize or other item, if the exchange or conversion to cash or a cash equivalent is facilitated or permitted by the owner or operator of the game or machine.

(g) “Redemption value” means the imputed value of a coupon or a point, based on the wholesale cost of merchandise for which the individual may redeem the coupon or point.

(h) “Truck stop” means a dealer registered pursuant to chapter 212, excluding a marina, which:

1. Declares the sale of diesel fuel to be its primary fuel business.

2. Operates at least six functional diesel fuel pumps.

(4) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an amusement game or machine may be operated as provided in this section.

(5) For purposes of this section:

(a) “Type A” is an amusement game or machine that, upon activation and game play, does not deliver, entitle, or enable a person playing or operating the amusement game or machine to receive cash, billets, tickets, tokens, points, coupons, merchandise, or any other thing of value, including electronic credits to be exchanged for cash, regardless of whether such things are delivered or paid automatically from the machine or manually. However, Type A amusement games and machines may entitle or enable a person to replay the game without the insertion or use of any additional currency, coin, card, coupon, slug, token, or similar device, only if:

1. The amusement game or machine can accumulate and react to no more than 15 such replays;

2. The amusement game or machine can be discharged of accumulated replays only by reactivating the game or device for one additional play for each accumulated replay;

3. The amusement game or machine cannot make a permanent record, directly or indirectly, of any free replay;

4. The amusement game or machine does not entitle the player to receive anything of value other than a free replay;

5. An unused free replay may not be exchanged for anything of value, including merchandise or a coupon or a point that may be redeemed for merchandise; and

6. The amusement game or machine does not contain any device that awards a credit and contains a circuit, meter, or switch capable of removing and recording the removal of a credit if the award of a credit is dependent upon chance.

(b) “Type B” is an amusement game or machine that may, upon activation and game play, entitle or enable a person to receive a coupon or a point that may only be redeemed onsite for merchandise; and:

1. The coupon or point has no value other than for redemption onsite for merchandise;

2. The redemption value of the coupon or point that a person receives for a single game played does not exceed the maximum value determined under subsection (7). However, a player may accumulate coupons or points to redeem onsite for a single item of merchandise that has a wholesale cost of not more than 100 times the maximum value determined under subsection (7), or for a prize consisting of more than one item, unit, or part, only if the aggregate wholesale cost of all items, units, or parts does not exceed 100 times the maximum value determined under subsection (7); and

3. The redemption value of coupons or points that a person receives for playing multiple games simultaneously or competing against others in a multiplayer game does not exceed the maximum value determined under subsection (7).

(c) “Type C” is an amusement game or machine that allows the player to manipulate a claw or similar device within an enclosure that entitles or enables a person to receive merchandise directly from the game or machine, if the wholesale cost of the merchandise does not exceed 10 times the maximum value determined under subsection (7).

(6)(a) A Type B amusement game or machine may only be operated at:

1. A facility as defined in s. 721.05(17) that is under the control of a timeshare plan.

2. A public lodging establishment or public food service establishment licensed pursuant to chapter 509.

3. The following premises, if the owner or operator of the premises has a current license issued by the Department of Business and Professional Regulation pursuant to chapter 509, chapter 561, chapter 562, chapter 563, chapter 564, chapter 565, chapter 567, or chapter 568:

a. An arcade amusement center;

b. A bowling center, as defined in s. 849.141; or

c. A truck stop.

(b) A Type C amusement game or machine may only be operated at:

1. A facility as defined in s. 721.05(17) that is under the control of a timeshare plan;

2. An arcade amusement center;

3. A bowling center, as defined in s. 849.141;

4. The premises of a retailer, as defined in s. 212.02;

5. A public lodging establishment or public food service establishment licensed pursuant to chapter 509;

6. A truck stop; or

7. The premises of a veterans’ service organization granted a federal charter under Title 36, U.S.C., or a division, department, post, or chapter of such organization, for which an alcoholic beverage license has been issued.

(7) For purposes of this section, the maximum value is $5.25. Beginning September 30, 2017, and annually thereafter, the Department of Revenue shall calculate the maximum value as adjusted by the rate of inflation for the 12 months preceding September 1, rounded to the nearest 5 cents. In calculating the adjusted maximum value, the department shall multiply the previous maximum value by one plus the percentage change in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers, U.S. City Average, All Items, not seasonally adjusted, or a successor index as calculated by the United States Department of Labor. Each adjusted maximum value shall take effect on the following January 1, with the initial adjusted maximum value to take effect on January 1, 2018. Beginning October 15, 2017, and annually thereafter, the department shall publish the maximum value, as adjusted, in a brochure accessible from its website relating to sales and use tax on amusement machines. If the release of the August Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers occurs after September 15, in any given year, the department shall publish the adjusted maximum value within 30 calendar days after the release date.

(8) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an action to enjoin the operation of any game or machine pursuant to or for an alleged violation of this section or chapter 849 may be brought only by:

(a) The Attorney General, the state attorney for the circuit in which the game or machine is located, a federally recognized tribal government possessing sovereign powers and rights of self-governance which is a party to a compact with the state, or in the case of an alleged violation of statutes that it is charged with enforcing, the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services or the Department of Business and Professional Regulation; or

(b) A substantially affected person who is a resident of the county where the place of business operating the game or machine is located, or any substantially affected person who has a business or residence within 5 miles of the place of business operating the game or machine.

(9) In addition to other civil, administrative, and criminal sanctions, a person who violates this section commits a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083. A person convicted of violating this section a second time commits a misdemeanor of the first degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083. A person who violates this section after having been twice convicted is deemed a common offender and commits a felony of the third degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.

History.—s. 1, ch. 2015-93; s. 66, ch. 2016-10.

F.S. 546 on Google Scholar

F.S. 546 on Casetext

Amendments to 546

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 546

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

S546.003 - PUBLIC ORDER CRIMES - OPERATE AMUSEMENT ATTRACTION WITHOUT INSURANCE - M: F

S546.10 9 - GAMBLING - VIOLATION OF FAMILY AMUSEMENT GAMES ACT - M: S

S546.10 9 - GAMBLING - VIOL OF FAMILY AMUSEMENT GAMES ACT 2ND OFF - M: F

S546.10 9 - GAMBLING - VIOL OF FAMILY AMUSEMENT GAMES ACT 3RD OFF - F: T

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

CALVARY CHAPEL DAYTON VALLEY v. SISOLAK,, 140 S. Ct. 2603 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Grumet , 512 U.S. 687, 722, 114 S.Ct. 2481, 129 L.Ed.2d 546 (1994) (Kennedy, J., concurring in judgment . . . O Centro Espírita Beneficente União do Vegetal , 546 U.S. 418, 126 S.Ct. 1211, 163 L.Ed.2d 1017 (2006 . . .

J. TRUMP, v. R. VANCE, Jr., 140 S. Ct. 2412 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Scurlock , 347 U.S. 110, 117, 74 S.Ct. 403, 98 L.Ed. 546 (1954) (noting that "recognition of the constitutional . . .

LITTLE SISTERS OF THE POOR SAINTS PETER AND PAUL HOME, v. PENNSYLVANIA, J. v., 140 S. Ct. 2367 (U.S. 2020)

. . . O Centro Espírita Beneficente União do Vegetal , 546 U.S. 418, 436, 126 S.Ct. 1211, 163 L.Ed.2d 1017 . . .

P. BARR, v. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF POLITICAL CONSULTANTS, INC., 140 S. Ct. 2335 (U.S. 2020)

. . . O Centro Espírita Beneficente União do Vegetal , 546 U.S. 418, 433, 126 S.Ct. 1211, 163 L.Ed.2d 1017 . . . Planned Parenthood of Northern New Eng. , 546 U.S. 320, 328-331, 126 S.Ct. 961, 163 L.Ed.2d 812 (2006 . . .

ESPINOZA, v. MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE,, 140 S. Ct. 2246 (U.S. 2020)

. . . See Lukumi , 508 U.S. at 546, 113 S.Ct. 2217 (striking down law designed to ban religious practice involving . . . ----, 137 S.Ct., at 2024, is not "watered down but really means what it says," Lukumi , 508 U.S. at 546 . . . Lukumi , 508 U.S. at 546, 113 S.Ct. 2217. . . . Id. , at 546. Similar proscriptions were included in the early constitutions of many States. . . .

UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, v. BOOKING. COM B. V., 140 S. Ct. 2298 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Commissioner of Patents , 252 U.S. 538, 545-546, 40 S.Ct. 414, 64 L.Ed. 705 (1920). . . .

AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, v. ALLIANCE FOR OPEN SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL, INC., 140 S. Ct. 2082 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Velazquez , 531 U.S. 533, 546, 121 S.Ct. 1043, 149 L.Ed.2d 63 (2001) (observing that organizational affiliates . . . Velazquez , 531 U.S. at 546, 121 S.Ct. 1043. . . . S.Ct. 1997 (similar); Rust , 500 U.S. at 196-198, 111 S.Ct. 1759 (similar); Velazquez , 531 U.S. at 546 . . .

JUNE MEDICAL SERVICES L. L. C. v. RUSSO, v. LLC., 140 S. Ct. 2103 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Planned Parenthood of Northern New Eng. , 546 U.S. 320, 324, 126 S.Ct. 961, 163 L.Ed.2d 812 (2006) ; . . . Planned Parenthood of Northern New Eng. , 546 U. . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. THURAISSIGIAM, 140 S. Ct. 1959 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Congress enacted the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA), 110 Stat. 3009-546 . . . procedure in the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, 110 Stat. 3009-546 . . .

C. LIU, v. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, 140 S. Ct. 1936 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Whipple , 20 Wall. 546, 22 L.Ed. 403 (1874) ). . . . Woodworth , 15 How. 546, 560, 14 L.Ed. 809 (1854). . . . Whipple , 20 Wall. 546, 559, 22 L.Ed. 403 (1874) (ordering an accounting against a partner who had "knowingly . . . Woodworth , 15 How. 546, 559-560, 14 L.Ed. 809 (1854) (restricting an accounting remedy "to the actual . . .

J. THOLE, v. U. S. BANK N. A, 140 S. Ct. 1615 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Verizon Communications, Inc. , 837 F.3d 523, 545-546 (CA5 2016) ; David v. . . . Salmon , 249 N.Y. 458, 464, 164 N.E. 545, 546 (1928) (Cardozo, C. J.). Not so today. . . .

FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR PUERTO RICO, v. AURELIUS INVESTMENT, LLC, LLC, III v. LLC, v. LLC, n De De La El Y v., 140 S. Ct. 1649 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Co. v. 356 Bales of Cotton , 1 Pet. 511, 546, 26 U.S. 511, 7 L.Ed. 242 (1828) (Marshall, C. J.) . . . Zdanok , 370 U.S. 530, 546, 82 S.Ct. 1459, 8 L.Ed.2d 671 (1962) (plurality opinion) (recognizing that . . . courts of the United States' " and "recipients of the judicial power of the United States." 289 U.S. at 546 . . . Co. v. 356 Bales of Cotton , 1 Pet. 511, 546, 7 L.Ed. 242 (1828) ; Clinton v. . . .

OPATI, v. REPUBLIC OF SUDAN,, 140 S. Ct. 1601 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Franklin Capital Corp. , 546 U.S. 132, 136, 126 S.Ct. 704, 163 L.Ed.2d 547 (2005), in turn quoting Fogerty . . .

MAINE COMMUNITY HEALTH OPTIONS, v. UNITED STATES v. v. v., 140 S. Ct. 1308 (U.S. 2020)

. . . United States , 27 Ct.Cl. 542, 546 (1892) ). . . .

BARTON, v. P. BARR,, 140 S. Ct. 1442 (U.S. 2020)

. . . See Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996, 110 Stat. 3009-546, 8 U.S.C. . . .

ROMAG FASTENERS, INC. v. FOSSIL, INC., 140 S. Ct. 1492 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Vowinkle , 12 F.Cas. 546, 547 (No. 6,714) (C.C.D. Neb. 1871) ; Graham v. . . .

RAMOS, v. LOUISIANA, 140 S. Ct. 1390 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Smith , 241 F.3d 546, 548 (CA7 2001) ; Honeycutt v. . . .

BROWNBACK, v. KING., 140 S. Ct. 2563 (U.S. 2020)

. . . No. 19-546. Supreme Court of the United States. . . .

K. KAHLER, v. KANSAS, 140 S. Ct. 1021 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Id. , at 546, 173 Eng. Rep., at 950. . . . Id. , at 546-547, 173 Eng. Rep., at 950. . . .

L. ALLEN, v. A. COOPER, III,, 140 S. Ct. 994 (U.S. 2020)

. . . California , 412 U.S. 546, 560, 93 S.Ct. 2303, 37 L.Ed.2d 163 (1973). . . . Katz , 546 U.S. 356, 359, 126 S.Ct. 990, 163 L.Ed.2d 945 (2006), we held that Article I's Bankruptcy . . . In part, Katz rested on the "singular nature" of bankruptcy jurisdiction. 546 U.S. at 369, n. 9, 126 . . . Doyal , 286 U.S. 123, 128, 52 S.Ct. 546, 76 L.Ed. 1010 (1932). . . . Katz , 546 U.S. 356, 126 S.Ct. 990, 163 L.Ed.2d 945 (2006), was wrongly decided. . . .

WATTS, v. WATTS,, 935 F.3d 1138 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Krassner , 391 F.3d 540, 546 (3d Cir. 2004) ("The inquiry into a child's habitual residence is not formulaic . . .

V. CASSIDY, v. HALYARD HEALTH, INC., 391 F. Supp. 3d 474 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Supp. 3d 546, 562 (E.D. . . .

G. STEPHENS v. UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY, a, 935 F.3d 852 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Skyline Corp. , 97 Idaho 408, 546 P.2d 54, 57-58 (1975) (relying on the Second Restatement to limit liability . . .

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES OF PLANNED PARENTHOOD OF ST. LOUIS REGION, INC. P. D. O. M. S. C. I. F. A. C. O. G, v. L. PARSON,, 389 F. Supp. 3d 631 (W.D. Mo. 2019)

. . . Planned Parenthood of Northern New England, 546 U.S. 320, 324, 126 S.Ct. 961, 163 L.Ed.2d 812 (2006). . . .

EDMO, v. CORIZON, INC. Al v. Al, 935 F.3d 757 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Village of Gambell , 480 U.S. 531, 546 n.12, 107 S.Ct. 1396, 94 L.Ed.2d 542 (1987), so there is no concern . . .

PEREZ- SANCHEZ, v. U. S. ATTORNEY GENERAL,, 935 F.3d 1148 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Y&H Corp., 546 U.S. 500, 510, 126 S. . . .

PANAH, v. CHAPPELL,, 935 F.3d 657 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . California, 546 U.S. 1216, 126 S.Ct. 1432, 164 L.Ed.2d 135 (2006). . . . Filson, 908 F.3d 546, 570 (9th Cir. 2018) ("We have long recognized ... that 'prejudice resulting from . . .

NICHOLSON J. H. a J. N. G. a v. CITY OF LOS ANGELES a a, 935 F.3d 685 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Torres , 610 F.3d 546, 554 (9th Cir. 2010). . . . Osborn , 546 F.3d 1131, 1137 (9th Cir. 2008) (quoting Moreland v. Las Vegas Metro. . . . his vehicle in the direction of one of the officers in a perceived attempt to run over the officer. 546 . . .

UNITED STATES v. WILLIAMS, Sr., 934 F.3d 1122 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Kaufman , 546 F.3d 1242, 1263 (10th Cir. 2008). . . .

DIVERSE POWER, INC. v. CITY OF LAGRANGE, GEORGIA,, 934 F.3d 1270 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Hallock, 546 U.S. 345, 126 S. . . .

ANDERSON, AS TRUSTEE FOR NEXT- OF- KIN OF ANDERSON v. CITY OF MINNEAPOLIS Dr. M. D. HCMC D. J. A. F. HCMC M. D. s J. L. L. T. D. M. T., 934 F.3d 876 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Minneapolis , 754 F.3d 541, 546 (8th Cir. 2014). . . .

BACA v. COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF STATE, G. T. L. M., 935 F.3d 887 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Y&H Corp. , 546 U.S. 500, 514, 126 S.Ct. 1235, 163 L.Ed.2d 1097 (2006) ). . . . Y&H Corp. , 546 U.S. 500, 513 n.10, 126 S.Ct. 1235, 163 L.Ed.2d 1097 (2006). . . . jurisdictional terms or refer[s] in any way to the jurisdiction of the district courts," Arbaugh , 546 . . . Y&H Corp. that this limitation was nonjurisdictional and therefore waivable. 546 U.S. 500, 514-15, 126 . . .

CHEMEHUEVI INDIAN TRIBE, v. MCMAHON,, 934 F.3d 1076 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . California , 373 U.S. 546, 598, 83 S.Ct. 1468, 10 L.Ed.2d 542 (1963) ; see also id. at 596 & n.100, 83 . . .

GUPTA, v. MORGAN STANLEY SMITH BARNEY, LLC,, 934 F.3d 705 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Corp. , 407 F.3d 546 (1st Cir. 2005). . . .

MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM OF MICHIGAN, v. PIER IMPORTS, INCORPORATED W. H., 935 F.3d 424 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Servs., Inc. , 497 F.3d 546, 550 (5th Cir. 2007) ("[W]e do not accept as true conclusory allegations, . . .

SENNE v. KANSAS CITY ROYALS BASEBALL CORP. LLC LLC LP St. LLC LLC LLC LLC L. P. L. P. LLC LLC L. P. AZPB L. P. P LLC LLC LP LLP LLC LLC,, 934 F.3d 918 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Alvarez , 546 U.S. 21, 27-28, 126 S.Ct. 514, 163 L.Ed.2d 288 (2005). . . . See IBP , 546 U.S. at 28, 32-37, 126 S.Ct. 514. . . . See IBP , 546 U.S. at 28, 32-37, 126 S.Ct. 514. . . . See IBP , 546 U.S. at 29-30, 126 S.Ct. 514. . . . Alvarez , 546 U.S. 21, 28, 32-37, 126 S.Ct. 514, 163 L.Ed.2d 288 (2005). . . . Harrah's Club , 16 Cal. 3d 313, 316, 323, 128 Cal.Rptr. 215, 546 P.2d 719 (1976) (applying California . . .

TIJERINO v. STETSON DESERT PROJECT, LLC, L J., 934 F.3d 968 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Y & H Corp. , 546 U.S. 500, 515-16, 126 S.Ct. 1235, 163 L.Ed.2d 1097 (2006) (internal citation omitted . . . in jurisdictional terms or refer in any way to the jurisdiction of the district courts.' " Arbaugh , 546 . . . Arbaugh , 546 U.S. at 513 n.10, 126 S.Ct. 1235. . . .

PASSARO, Jr. v. VIRGINIA, 935 F.3d 243 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Town of Nags Head , 724 F.3d 533, 546 (4th Cir. 2013). . . .

UNITED STATES v. BROWN,, 935 F.3d 43 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Toohey , 448 F.3d 542, 546 (2d Cir. 2006) (uncertainty whether sentencing judge "felt compelled" to impose . . .

MEJIA- RAMOS, v. P. BARR,, 934 F.3d 789 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ashcroft, 384 F.3d 541, 546 (8th Cir. 2004) ). . . .

ST. CHARLES SURGICAL HOSPITAL, L. L. C. v. LOUISIANA HEALTH SERVICE INDEMNITY COMPANY,, 935 F.3d 352 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Franklin Capital Corp. , 546 U.S. 132, 141, 126 S.Ct. 704, 163 L.Ed.2d 547 (2005). . . .

DEJORIA, v. MAGHREB PETROLEUM EXPLORATION, S. A., 935 F.3d 381 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Elf Aquitaine, Inc. , 138 F.3d 546, 549 (5th Cir. 1998) (noting that the "closeness of the question" . . .

UNITED STATES v. CLARK,, 935 F.3d 558 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Robinson , 546 F.3d 884, 887-88 (7th Cir. 2008). . . .

MAO- MSO RECOVERY II, LLC, v. STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY, L., 935 F.3d 573 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Godinez , 546 F.3d 788, 796 (7th Cir. 2008) for the unassailable proposition that district courts "have . . .

DOLLAR LOAN CENTER OF SOUTH DAKOTA, LLC, v. AFDAHL, LLC, v., 933 F.3d 1019 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Millender, 565 U.S. 535, 546, 132 S.Ct. 1235, 182 L.Ed.2d 47 (2012) (internal quotations omitted). . . .

LILLY, v. CITY OF NEW YORK NYPD No. NYPD No., 934 F.3d 222 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 897, 104 S.Ct. 1541. 478 U.S. 546, 563-64, 106 S.Ct. 3088, 92 L.Ed.2d 439 (1986). . . .

ARCHER AND WHITE SALES, INCORPORATED, v. HENRY SCHEIN, INCORPORATED L. L. C. L. L. C., 935 F.3d 274 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Servs., Inc. , 546 F. App'x 514, 520 (5th Cir. 2013) (per curiam). . . .

IN RE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE S SUNDAY TICKET ANTITRUST LITIGATION, Jr. v. LLC LLC NFL LLC LLC LP LLC LLC NFL LP LLC LP LLC LP Co. LLC LP LLC, 933 F.3d 1136 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Nat'l Collegiate Athletic Ass'n , 546 F. Supp. 1276, 1307-08 (W.D. Okla. 1982) ). . . . Id. at 106 n.30, 104 S.Ct. 2948 (quoting the district court's findings, 546 F. Supp. at 1318 ). . . . (quoting the district court's findings, 546 F. Supp. at 1318 ). . . .

KOH, v. USTICH,, 933 F.3d 836 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Palmer , 906 F.3d 540, 546 (7th Cir. 2018) (citations omitted) (emphasis in original). . . .

HARDEMAN, v. CURRAN,, 933 F.3d 816 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Palmer , 906 F.3d 540, 546 (7th Cir. 2018). . . . Reed , 906 F.3d at 546. " 'If either inquiry is answered in the negative, the defendant official' is . . .

UNITED STATES E. J. v. ASSA CO. LTD., 934 F.3d 185 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Allapattah Servs., Inc. , 545 U.S. 546, 552, 125 S.Ct. 2611, 162 L.Ed.2d 502 (2005). . . .

EHRMAN, v. COX COMMUNICATIONS, INC. COXCOM, LLC LLC,, 932 F.3d 1223 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Allapattah Servs., Inc. , 545 U.S. 546, 552, 125 S.Ct. 2611, 162 L.Ed.2d 502 (2005) ). . . .

FURGESS, v. PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, 933 F.3d 285 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Georgia , 546 U.S. 151, 157, 126 S.Ct. 877, 163 L.Ed.2d 650 (2006). 84 F.3d 246 (7th Cir. 1996). . . .

DOE, v. MCKESSON, 935 F.3d 253 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Conoco , Inc. , 828 So. 2d 546, 552 (La. 2002). . . .

C. CHILDRESS, ALDA St. HLAA- StL A v. FOX ASSOCIATES, LLC, C. CHILDRESS, ALDA St. HLAA- StL A v. LLC,, 932 F.3d 1165 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Kenny A. ex rel Winn, 559 U.S. 542, 546, 130 S.Ct. 1662, 176 L.Ed.2d 494 (2010). . . .

AGUA CALIENTE TRIBE OF CUPE O INDIANS OF PALA RESERVATION, v. SWEENEY, 932 F.3d 1207 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id . at 546. . . . Id . at 546. . . .

CHAVEZ, De E. De De De v. OCCIDENTAL CHEMICAL CORPORATION, a, 933 F.3d 186 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Dole Food Co. , 546 F. . . . La. 2012), aff'd , 546 F. App'x 409 (5th Cir. 2013). . . .

AJINOMOTO CO. INC. v. INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION, CJ CJ PT CJ CJ PT v. Co., 932 F.3d 1342 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . J.A. 546. . . .

In MATTER OF SHERWIN ALUMINA COMPANY, L. L. C. v. L. L. C. INC., 932 F.3d 404 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Katz , 546 U.S. 356, 363, 126 S.Ct. 990, 163 L.Ed.2d 945 (2006). . . .

UNITED STATES v. CARMAN,, 933 F.3d 614 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 546 U.S. 12, 19, 126 S.Ct. 403, 163 L.Ed.2d 14 (2005). . . .

KELLER LOGISTICS GROUP, INC. v. NAVISTAR, INC., 391 F. Supp. 3d 774 (N.D. Ohio 2019)

. . . Roche , 546 U.S. 81, 89, 126 S.Ct. 606, 163 L.Ed.2d 415 (2005). . . .

KODIAK OIL GAS USA INC. HRC LLC v. BURR S. EOG S., 932 F.3d 1125 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Lombardi , 816 F.3d 536, 546 (8th Cir. 2016) (state officials with authority to implement statute "in . . .

GONZALEZ- DE LEON, v. P. BARR,, 932 F.3d 489 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . INS , 341 F.3d 533, 546 (6th Cir. 2003), abrogated on other grounds by Almuhtaseb v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. PRADO,, 933 F.3d 121 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . See Arbaugh , 546 U.S. at 515-16, 126 S.Ct. 1235. . . . Arbaugh , 546 U.S. at 515, 126 S.Ct. 1235. . . . See Arbaugh , 546 U.S. at 515, 126 S.Ct. 1235. . . . Arbaugh , 546 U.S. at 515, 126 S.Ct. 1235. . . . (internal quotation marks omitted); see also Arbaugh , 546 U.S. at 514, 126 S.Ct. 1235. . . .

C. CORDARO, v. UNITED STATES, 933 F.3d 232 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Y & H Corp., 546 U.S. 500, 126 S.Ct. 1235, 163 L.Ed.2d 1097 (2006), and its progeny. . . .

UNITED STATES v. BANYAN, 933 F.3d 548 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Allapattah Servs., Inc. , 545 U.S. 546, 568, 125 S.Ct. 2611, 162 L.Ed.2d 502 (2005) (emphasis added); . . .

COFFEY, v. CARROLL, 933 F.3d 577 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Mansfield , 404 F.3d 418, 444-45 (6th Cir. 2005), cert. denied , 546 U.S. 1090, 126 S.Ct. 1026 . . .

FRYE, v. CSX TRANSPORTATION, INC., 933 F.3d 591 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Flowers , 513 F.3d 546, 552 (6th Cir. 2008) (holding that issues not fully presented to the district . . .

IN RE DOBOS, s v., 603 B.R. 31 (B.A.P. 9th Cir. 2019)

. . . single affirmative defense: "This Complaint is barred by the applicable statute of limits [sic] 11 U S C 546 . . . She also raised the "statute of limits" and § 546 as an affirmative defense. . . . Section 546(a) sets a time limit for filing complaints under some of the avoiding powers. . . .

GGNSC LOUISVILLE HILLCREEK, LLC GGNSC LLC GGNSC LLC, v. ESTATE OF C. BRAMER, BY AND THROUGH A. BRAMER, A., 932 F.3d 480 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Cardegna , 546 U.S. 440, 443, 126 S.Ct. 1204, 163 L.Ed.2d 1038 (2006) ("[The Federal Arbitration Act] . . .

D. TORRY, Q. I. v. CITY OF CHICAGO,, 932 F.3d 579 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Recovery Bureau, Inc. , 171 F.3d 546, 551 (7th Cir. 1999) (explaining that summary judgment may be granted . . .

L. PAGE, v. KING,, 932 F.3d 898 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of San Jose , 546 F.3d 1087, 1093 (9th Cir. 2008). . . .

UNITED STATES v. LAUREANO- SALGADO, a k a L. a k a, 933 F.3d 20 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . United States, 546 U.S. 12, 19, 126 S.Ct. 403, 163 L.Ed.2d 14 (2005) (per curiam))); see generally United . . .

CAMPBELL, H. C. H. v. UNITED STATES,, 932 F.3d 1331 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Cir. 2004), cert. denied , 546 U.S. 826, 126 S.Ct. 366, 163 L.Ed.2d 72 (2005), in the context of an alleged . . .

PENNSYLVANIA NATIONAL MUTUAL CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY, v. BEACH MART, INC. L L, 932 F.3d 268 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Zen Design Grp., Ltd. , 329 F.3d 546, 557 (6th Cir. 2003) (holding that an insurer had a duty to defend . . .

UNITED STATES v. BOSYK,, 933 F.3d 319 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Jubelirer , 541 U.S. 267, 312, 124 S.Ct. 1769, 158 L.Ed.2d 546 (2004) (Kennedy, J., concurring in the . . .

IN RE FINANCIAL OVERSIGHT AND MANAGEMENT BOARD FOR PUERTO RICO, v. Iv n Ra l A. B. n III G. M. a J. R. J. A. Jr., 931 F.3d 111 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Allapattah Servs., Inc., 545 U.S. 546, 568, 125 S.Ct. 2611, 162 L.Ed.2d 502 (2005) ("Extrinsic materials . . . Allapattah Servs., Inc., 545 U.S. 546, 568, 125 S.Ct. 2611, 162 L.Ed.2d 502 (2005), this section gives . . .

MORENO- MARTINEZ, v. P. BARR,, 932 F.3d 461 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Mukasey , 519 F.3d 546, 549 (6th Cir. 2008) ("[W]e need not address the merits of a claim if there is . . .

W. MAC NAUGHTON, v. HARMELECH,, 932 F.3d 558 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Co. , 291 F.2d 542, 546 (7th Cir. 1961) ("Courts may exercise their inherent powers and invoke dismissal . . .

HESS, III v. COMMISSIONER SOCIAL SECURITY,, 931 F.3d 198 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Barnhart , 372 F.3d 546 (3d Cir. 2004), which the Judge understood to hold "that, when an ALJ finds that . . .

UNITED STATES v. DANIEL A. v. H., 933 F.3d 370 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Mulderig , 120 F.3d 534, 546 (5th Cir. 1997). 2. . . .

AMGEN INC. v. COHERUS BIOSCIENCES INC., 931 F.3d 1154 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Coherus Biosciences Inc. , No. 17-cv-546-LPS-CJB (D. Del. Dec. 7, 2017) (D.I. 50); J.A. 12-30. . . . Coherus Biosciences Inc. , No. 17-cv-546-LPS-CJB, 2018 WL 1517689, *1 (D. Del. . . .

NOVAK, v. CITY OF PARMA, 932 F.3d 421 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Conrad , 420 U.S. 546, 558, 95 S.Ct. 1239, 43 L.Ed.2d 448 (1975). . . .

CHRONIS, v. UNITED STATES, 932 F.3d 544 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Majority Op. at 546. . . .

UNITED STATES v. DOE,, 932 F.3d 279 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Y&H Corp. , 546 U.S. 500, 511, 126 S.Ct. 1235, 163 L.Ed.2d 1097 (2006) ("We have described such unrefined . . .

UNITED STATES v. D. WISEMAN, Jr., 932 F.3d 411 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Id. at 186-87, 224 (Page ID #508-09, 546). . . . Kemp , 546 F.3d 759, 765 (6th Cir. 2008) ; United States v. Sloan , 401 F. . . . (quoting Kemp , 546 F.3d at 765 ). In United States v. . . .

IN RE HOME DEPOT INC. O v. U. S. A., 931 F.3d 1065 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Delaware Valley Citizens' Council for Clean Air , 478 U.S. 546, 566, 106 S.Ct. 3088, 92 L.Ed.2d 439 ( . . .

P. J. BY THROUGH MR. MRS. W. J. L. G. MR. MRS. L. G. M. L. MR. MRS. J. L. Mr. v. CONNECTICUT STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION, 931 F.3d 156 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Delaware Valley Citizens' Council for Clean Air , 478 U.S. 546, 561, 106 S.Ct. 3088, 92 L.Ed.2d 439 ( . . .

PETERSON, v. HEYMES,, 931 F.3d 546 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Torres , 452 Mich. 43, 549 N.W.2d 540, 546 & n.14 & n.15 (1996). . . .

D. HIGGINS, v. UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD CO., 931 F.3d 664 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . accommodation will allow [him] to perform the essential functions of the job.' " Lipp, 911 F.3d at 546 . . . Lipp, 911 F.3d at 546 ; see also Pickens, 264 F.3d at 778 (finding employee's request to "work only when . . .

UNITED STATES v. CORRALES- VAZQUEZ,, 931 F.3d 944 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Postal Serv. , 546 U.S. 481, 486, 126 S.Ct. 1252, 163 L.Ed.2d 1079 (2006) ). . . .

IN RE R. MONTGOMERY,, 602 B.R. 353 (Bankr. S.D. Ohio 2019)

. . . In re Kimble , 344 B.R. 546, 550 (Bankr. S.D. Ohio 2006). . . .

NORTHPORT HEALTH SERVICES OF ARKANSAS, LLC, NHS LLC v. POSEY, AARP AARP s s, 930 F.3d 1027 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Talley, 546 S.W.3d 492, 497 (Ark. Ct. App. 2018) ; Broadway Health & Rehab, LLC v. . . .

HARTMAN v. THOMPSON, 931 F.3d 471 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Jones , 880 S.W.2d 544, 546 (Ky. 1994) (concluding sufficient evidence existed to convict a suspect for . . .

AIR EVAC EMS, INC. v. USABLE MUTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY,, 931 F.3d 647 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Aetna Inc., 546 F. . . .

DIAZ- QUIRAZCO, v. P. BARR,, 931 F.3d 830 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Dec. 546 (BIA 1988). . . .

DISABILITY RIGHTS MONTANA, INC. v. BATISTA,, 930 F.3d 1090 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Cty. of Lassen , 37 F.3d 540, 546 (9th Cir. 1994) (holding that "the requirements for mental health care . . .

MARINELARENA, v. P. BARR,, 930 F.3d 1039 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Weast , 546 U.S. 49, 57, 126 S.Ct. 528, 163 L.Ed.2d 387 (2005) (holding that this is the default rule . . .

FLORES, v. P. BARR,, 930 F.3d 1082 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Mukasey , 546 F.3d 1011, 1016 (9th Cir. 2008) (per curiam). . . .

PIERRE- PAUL, v. P. BARR, U. S., 930 F.3d 684 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 546 U.S. 12, 15, 126 S.Ct. 403, 163 L.Ed.2d 14 (2005) ). . . . Y & H Corp. , 546 U.S. 500, 515, 126 S.Ct. 1235, 163 L.Ed.2d 1097 (2006). . . . See Arbaugh , 546 U.S. at 516, 126 S.Ct. 1235 ("[W]hen Congress does not rank a [requirement] as jurisdictional . . .