The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XXXVII
INSURANCE

Chapter 650
SOCIAL SECURITY FOR PUBLIC EMPLOYEES

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CHAPTER 650

SOCIAL SECURITY FOR PUBLIC EMPLOYEES

650.01 Declaration of policy.

650.02 Definitions.

650.03 Federal-state agreement; interstate instrumentalities.

650.04 Contributions by state employees.

650.05 Plans for coverage of employees of political subdivisions.

650.07 Rules and regulations.

650.09 Liberal construction.

650.10 Referenda and certification.

650.01 Declaration of policy.—In order to extend to employees of the state and its political subdivisions and to the dependents and survivors of such employees the basic protection accorded to others by the Old-age and Survivors Insurance System embodied in the Social Security Act, it is hereby declared to be the policy of the Legislature, subject to the limitations of this chapter, that such steps as are necessary be taken to provide such protection to employees of the state and its political subdivisions on as broad a basis as is permitted under the Social Security Act. It is also the policy of the Legislature that the protection afforded employees in positions covered by a retirement system on the date an agreement under this act is made applicable to service performed in such positions, or receiving periodic benefits under such retirement system at such time, will not be impaired as a result of making the agreement so applicable or as a result of legislative enactment in anticipation thereof.

History.—s. 1, ch. 26841, 1951; s. 2, ch. 29824, 1955.

650.02 Definitions.—For the purpose of this chapter:

(1) The term “wages” means all remuneration for employment as defined herein, including the cash value of all remuneration paid in any medium other than cash, except that such term shall not include that part of such remuneration which, even if it were for “employment” within the meaning of the Federal Insurance Contributions Act, would not constitute “wages” within the meaning of that act.

(2) The term “employment” means any services performed by an employee in the employ of the state, or any political subdivision thereof, including hospital or drainage taxing districts, for such employer, except:

(a) Service which in the absence of an agreement entered into under this chapter would constitute “employment” as defined in the Social Security Act.

(b) Service which under the Social Security Act may not be included in an agreement between this state and the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare entered into under this chapter. Service which under the Social Security Act may be included in an agreement only upon certification by the Governor in accordance with s. 218(d)(3) of that act shall be included in the term “employment” if and when the Governor issues, with respect to such services, a certificate to the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, pursuant to said section.

1. Service in any class or classes of elective positions.

2. Service in any class or classes of part-time positions.

3. Service in any class or classes of positions the compensation for which is on a fee basis.

4. Service performed by individuals as members of a coverage group (as defined in s. 218(b) of the Social Security Act, as amended) in positions covered by a retirement system on the date the federal-state agreement is made applicable to such coverage group, but only in the case of individuals who, on such date (or, if later, the date on which they first occupy such positions), are not eligible to become members of such system and whose services in such positions have not already been included under such agreement.

5. Agricultural labor, as defined in s. 210 of the Social Security Act, as amended.

6. Service performed by a student for the school in which the student is enrolled.

(3) The term “employee” includes an officer of the state or political subdivision thereof.

(4) The term “state agency” means the Department of Management Services.

(5) The term “Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare” includes any individual to whom the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare has delegated any of the secretary’s functions under the Social Security Act with respect to coverage under such act of employees of states and their political subdivisions, and with respect to any action taken prior to April 11, 1953, includes the Federal Security Administrator and any individual to whom such administrator had delegated any such function.

(6) The term “political subdivision” includes an instrumentality of the state, or of one or more of its political subdivisions, but only if such instrumentality is a juristic entity which is legally separate and distinct from the state or subdivision and only if its employees are not by virtue of their relation to such juristic entity employees of the state or subdivision.

(7) The term “Social Security Act” means the Act of Congress approved August 14, 1935, Chapter 531, 49 Stat. 620, officially cited as the “Social Security Act,” (including regulations and requirements issued pursuant thereto), as such act has been and may from time to time be amended.

(8) The term “Federal Insurance Contributions Act” means subchapter A of chapter 9 of the Federal Internal Revenue Code of 1939 and subchapters A and B of chapter 21 of the Federal Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as such codes have been and may from time to time be amended; and the term “employee tax” means the tax imposed by s. 1400 of such code of 1939 and s. 3101 of such code of 1954.

History.—s. 2, ch. 26841, 1951; ss. 1, 2, 3, ch. 28246, 1953; ss. 1, 3, 4, 5, ch. 29824, 1955; s. 1, ch. 65-151; ss. 31, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 1, ch. 70-127; s. 1, ch. 73-326; s. 133, ch. 92-279; s. 55, ch. 92-326; s. 17, ch. 95-154; s. 503, ch. 97-102; s. 98, ch. 99-255.

650.03 Federal-state agreement; interstate instrumentalities.—

(1) The state agency with the approval of the Governor, is hereby authorized to enter on behalf of the state into an agreement with the Federal Security Administrator, consistent with the terms and provisions of this chapter, for the purpose of extending the benefits of the Federal Old-age and Survivors Insurance System to employees of the state or any political subdivision thereof with respect to services specified in such agreement which constitutes “employment” as defined in s. 650.02. Such agreement may contain such provisions relating to coverage, benefits, contributions, effective date, modification and termination of the agreement, administration, and other appropriate provisions as the state agency and the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare shall agree upon, but, except as may be otherwise required by or under the Social Security Act as to the services to be covered, such agreement shall provide in effect that:

(a) Benefits will be provided for employees whose services are covered by the agreement (and their dependents and survivors) on the same basis as though such services constituted employment within the meaning of Title II of the Social Security Act;

(b) The state will pay to the Secretary of the Treasury, at such time or times as may be prescribed under the Social Security Act, contributions with respect to wages (as defined in s. 650.02), equal to the sum of the taxes which would be imposed by the Federal Insurance Contributions Act if the services covered by the agreement constituted employment within the meaning of that act.

(c) Such agreement shall be effective with respect to services in employment covered by the agreement performed after January 1, 1951;

(d) All services which constitute employment as defined in s. 650.02 and are performed in the employ of the state by employees of the state, shall be covered by the agreement.

(e) All services which:

1. Constitute employment as defined in s. 650.02;

2. Are performed in the employ of a political subdivision of the state; and

3. Are covered by a plan which is in conformity with the terms of the agreement and has been approved by the state agency under s. 650.05, shall be covered by the agreement.

(f) As modified, the agreement shall include all services described in either paragraph (d) or paragraph (e) of this subsection and performed by individuals to whom s. 218(c)(3)(C) of the Social Security Act is applicable, and shall provide for election by the employer as to whether the service of any such individual shall continue to be covered by the agreement in case she or he thereafter becomes eligible to be a member of a retirement system.

(g) As modified, the agreement shall include all services described in either paragraph (d) or paragraph (e) of this subsection and performed by individuals in positions covered by a retirement system with respect to which the Governor has issued a certificate to the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare pursuant to s. 218(d)(3) of the Social Security Act, as amended.

(2) Any instrumentality jointly created by this state and any other state or states is hereby authorized, upon the granting of like authority by such other state or states:

(a) To enter into an agreement with the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare whereby the benefits of the Federal Old-age and Survivors Insurance System shall be extended to employees of such instrumentality;

(b) To require its employees to pay (and for that purpose to deduct from their wages) contributions equal to the amounts which they would be required to pay under s. 650.04(1) if they were covered by an agreement made pursuant to subsection (1); and

(c) To make payments to the Secretary of the Treasury in accordance with such agreement, including payments from its own funds, and otherwise to comply with such agreements. Such agreement shall, to the extent practicable, be consistent with the terms and provisions of subsection (1) and other provisions of this chapter.

(3) Where a retirement system established by the state or any political subdivision thereof covers positions of police officers or firefighters, or both, and whether or not other positions are covered by such system, there shall, for the purposes of this chapter, be deemed to be a separate retirement system with respect to the positions of police officers and a separate retirement system with respect to the positions of firefighters.

(4) For the purposes of this chapter any retirement system established by the state or any political subdivision thereof, which, on, before, or after the date of enactment of this subsection is divided into two divisions or parts, one of which is composed of positions of members of such system who desire coverage under an agreement under this chapter and the other of which is composed of positions of members of such system who do not desire such coverage, shall, upon the Governor’s authorization of a referendum for either division or part, be deemed to be a separate retirement system with respect to each such division or part. The positions of individuals who become members of such system after such coverage is extended shall be included in such division or part composed of members desiring such coverage. The position of any individual which is covered by any retirement system to which the preceding two sentences are applicable shall, if such individual is ineligible to become a member of such system on the date of enactment of this subsection or, if later, the day she or he first occupies such position, be deemed to be covered by the separate retirement system consisting of the positions of members of the division or part who do not desire coverage under this chapter.

(5) For purposes of this chapter, employees of the institutions of higher learning under the Board of Governors of the State University System who are covered by the Teachers’ Retirement System shall be deemed to be covered by a separate retirement system for each institution.

(6) If a retirement system covers positions of employees of a hospital which is an integral part of a municipal political subdivision, then, for the purposes of this chapter, there shall be deemed to be a separate retirement system for the employees of such hospital.

History.—s. 3, ch. 26841, 1951; s. 4, ch. 28246, 1953; ss. 6, 7, 8, 9, ch. 29824, 1955; s. 1, ch. 57-226; s. 1, ch. 57-780; s. 1, ch. 61-138; s. 2, ch. 63-204; s. 504, ch. 97-102; s. 62, ch. 2007-217.

650.04 Contributions by state employees.—

(1) Every employee of the state whose services are covered by an agreement entered into under s. 650.03 shall be required to pay for the period of such coverage contributions, with respect to wages as defined in s. 650.02, equal to the amount of the employee tax which would be imposed by the Federal Insurance Contributions Act if such services constituted employment within the meaning of that act. Such liability shall arise in consideration of the employee’s retention in the service of the state, or the employee’s entry upon such service, after the enactment of this chapter.

(2) The contribution imposed by this section shall be collected by deducting the amount of the contribution from wages as and when paid, but failure to make such deduction shall not relieve the employee from liability for such contribution. Effective January 1987, such contributions shall be submitted to the Internal Revenue Service as directed by the Social Security Administration.

(3) If more or less than the correct amount of the contribution imposed by this section is paid or deducted with respect to any remuneration, proper adjustments, or refund if adjustment is impracticable, shall be made, without interest, in such manner and at such times as the state agency shall prescribe.

History.—s. 4, ch. 26841, 1951; s. 10, ch. 29824, 1955; s. 2, ch. 61-119; s. 505, ch. 97-102; s. 34, ch. 2004-234.

650.05 Plans for coverage of employees of political subdivisions.—

(1) Each political subdivision of the state is authorized to submit for approval by the state agency a plan for extending the benefits of Title II of the Social Security Act, in conformity with the applicable provisions of such act, to employees of such political subdivisions. Each such plan and any amendment thereof shall be approved by the state agency if it is found that such plan, or such plan as amended, is in conformity with such requirements as are provided in regulations of the state agency, except that no such plan shall be approved unless:

(a) It is in conformity with the requirements of the Social Security Act and with the agreement entered into under s. 650.03;

(b) It provides that all services which constitute employment as defined in s. 650.02 are performed in the employ of the political subdivisions by employees thereof, shall be covered by the plan, except such of those services set forth in s. 650.02(2)(c) as the political subdivision specifically elects to exclude;

(c) It specifies the source or sources from which the funds necessary to make the payments required by paragraph (3)(a) are expected to be derived and contains reasonable assurance that such sources will be adequate for such purpose;

(d) It provides for such methods of administration of the plan by the political subdivision as are found by the state agency to be necessary for the proper and efficient administration of the plan;

(e) It provides that the political subdivision will make such reports, in such form and containing such information, as the state agency may from time to time require, and comply with such provisions as the state agency or the Secretary of Health and Human Services may from time to time find necessary to assure the correctness and verification of such reports; and

(f) It authorizes the state agency to terminate the plan in its entirety, in the discretion of the state agency, if it finds that there has been a failure to comply substantially with any provisions contained in such plan, such termination to take effect at the expiration of such notice and on such conditions as may be provided by regulations of the state agency and may be consistent with the provisions of the Social Security Act.

(2) The state agency shall not finally refuse to approve a plan submitted by a political subdivision under subsection (1), and shall not terminate an approved plan, without reasonable notice and opportunity for hearing to the political subdivision affected thereby. Any final decision of the state agency shall be subject to proper judicial review.

(3)(a) Each political subdivision as to which a plan has been approved under this section shall pay to the Internal Revenue Service, with respect to wages (as defined in s. 650.02), at such time or times as the Social Security Administration may prescribe, contributions in the amounts and at the rates specified in the applicable agreement entered into by the state agency under s. 650.03.

(b) Each political subdivision required to make payments under paragraph (a) is authorized, in consideration of the employee’s retention in, or entry upon, employment after enactment of this chapter, to impose upon each of its employees, as to services which are covered by an approved plan, a contribution with respect to his or her wages as defined in s. 650.02 not exceeding the amount of the employee tax which would be imposed by the Federal Insurance Contributions Act if such services constituted employment within the meaning of that act, and to deduct the amount of such contribution from his or her wages as and when paid. Contributions so collected shall be paid to the Internal Revenue Service in partial discharge of the liability of such political subdivision or instrumentality under paragraph (a). Failure to deduct such contribution shall not relieve the employee or employer of liability therefor.

(4) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, effective January 1, 1972, all state political subdivisions receiving financial aid which provide social security coverage for their employees pursuant to this chapter and the various retirement systems as authorized by law shall, in addition to other purposes, use all grants-in-aid and other revenue received from the state to pay the employer’s share of social security cost. The grants-in-aid and other revenue specifically include, but are not limited to, minimum foundation program grants to public school districts and community colleges; gasoline, motor fuel, cigarette, racing, and insurance premium taxes distributed to political subdivisions; and amounts specifically appropriated as grants-in-aid for mental health, intellectual disabilities, and mosquito control programs.

History.—s. 5, ch. 26841, 1951; ss. 5, 6, 7, ch. 28246, 1953; s. 11, ch. 29824, 1955; s. 2, ch. 61-119; s. 1, ch. 72-109; s. 70, ch. 72-221; s. 1, ch. 72-342; s. 11, ch. 83-76; s. 506, ch. 97-102; s. 35, ch. 2004-234; s. 127, ch. 2005-2; s. 24, ch. 2006-312; s. 22, ch. 2013-162.

650.07 Rules and regulations.—The state agency shall make and publish such rules and regulations, not inconsistent with the provisions of this chapter, as it finds necessary or appropriate to the efficient administration of the functions with which it is charged under this chapter.

History.—s. 7, ch. 26841, 1951.

650.09 Liberal construction.—The provisions of this chapter shall be liberally construed in order to effectively carry out the purposes of the chapter as set forth in the declaration of public policy.

History.—s. 9, ch. 26841, 1951.

650.10 Referenda and certification.—

(1) The Governor, or an official of the state designated by the Governor for the purpose, is empowered to authorize and supervise the conduct of employee referenda prescribed by s. 218(d)(3) of the Social Security Act, on the question of whether service in positions covered by a retirement system established by the state or by a political subdivision thereof should be excluded from or included under an agreement under this chapter. The notice of referendum required by s. 218(d)(3)(C) of the Social Security Act to be given to employees shall contain or shall be accompanied by a statement, in such form and such detail as the agency or individual designated to supervise the referendum shall deem necessary and sufficient, to inform the employees of the rights which will accrue to them and their dependents and survivors, and the liabilities to which they will be subject, if their services are included under an agreement under this chapter.

(2) Upon receiving evidence satisfactory to her or him that with respect to any such referendum the conditions specified in s. 218(d)(3) of the Social Security Act have been met, the Governor, or an official of the state designated by the Governor for the purpose, shall so certify to the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare.

History.—s. 12, ch. 29824, 1955; s. 2, ch. 61-138; s. 507, ch. 97-102.

F.S. 650 on Google Scholar

F.S. 650 on Casetext

Amendments to 650

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 650

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

Current data shows no reason an arrest or criminal charge should have occurred directly under Florida Statute 650.

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

J. TRUMP, v. MAZARS USA, LLP, J. v. AG,, 140 S. Ct. 2019 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Id. , at 650, 658-659. . . .

MCGIRT, v. OKLAHOMA, 140 S. Ct. 2452 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Hitchcock , 185 U.S. 373, 390, 22 S.Ct. 650, 46 L.Ed. 954 (1902) ("[I]n order to create a reservation . . .

OUR LADY OF GUADALUPE SCHOOL, v. MORRISSEY- BERRU St. v., 140 S. Ct. 2049 (U.S. 2020)

. . . EEOC , 565 U.S. 171, 132 S.Ct. 694, 181 L.Ed.2d 650 (2012), that the First Amendment barred a court from . . . EEOC , 565 U.S. 171, 196, 132 S.Ct. 694, 181 L.Ed.2d 650 (2012) (THOMAS, J., concurring). . . . EEOC , 565 U.S. 171, 132 S.Ct. 694, 181 L.Ed.2d 650 (2012), the majority shields those employers from . . .

LITTLE SISTERS OF THE POOR SAINTS PETER AND PAUL HOME, v. PENNSYLVANIA, J. v., 140 S. Ct. 2367 (U.S. 2020)

. . . EEOC , 565 U.S. 171, 188, 132 S.Ct. 694, 181 L.Ed.2d 650 (2012) (the First Amendment's "ministerial exception . . . EEOC , 565 U.S. 171, 190, 132 S.Ct. 694, 181 L.Ed.2d 650 (2012). . . .

ESPINOZA, v. MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE,, 140 S. Ct. 2246 (U.S. 2020)

. . . EEOC , 565 U.S. 171, 178, 196, 132 S.Ct. 694, 181 L.Ed.2d 650 (2012) ; see also ante , at 2275 - 2276 . . . Department of Social Servs. , 447 F.3d 642, 650-651 (CA9 2006) ; Knight v. . . . EEOC , 565 U.S. 171, 192, 132 S.Ct. 694, 181 L.Ed.2d 650 (2012). . . .

JUNE MEDICAL SERVICES L. L. C. v. RUSSO, v. LLC., 140 S. Ct. 2103 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Y. , 347 U.S. 442, 451, 74 S.Ct. 650, 98 L.Ed. 829 (1954) (State has "legitimate concern for maintaining . . .

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, v. THURAISSIGIAM, 140 S. Ct. 1959 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Ex parte Watkins , 3 Pet. 193, 202, 7 L.Ed. 650 (1830) (Marshall, C. J.). . . .

C. LIU, v. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, 140 S. Ct. 1936 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Restatement of Restitution § 161, p. 650 (1936). . . .

BOSTOCK, v. CLAYTON COUNTY, GEORGIA v. Jr. Co- R. G. G. R. v., 140 S. Ct. 1731 (U.S. 2020)

. . . EEOC , 565 U.S. 171, 188-195, 132 S.Ct. 694, 181 L.Ed.2d 650 (2012). . . . LTV Corp. , 496 U.S. 633, 650, 110 S.Ct. 2668, 110 L.Ed.2d 579 (1990) ; see also United States v. . . . EEOC , 565 U.S. 171, 188, 132 S.Ct. 694, 181 L.Ed.2d 650 (2012). . . . EEOC , 565 U.S. 171, 132 S.Ct. 694, 181 L.Ed.2d 650 (2012). . . .

ROGERS, v. GREWAL,, 140 S. Ct. 1865 (U.S. 2020)

. . . District of Columbia , 864 F.3d 650, 665 (C.A.D.C. 2017) ; Moore v. . . . District of Columbia , 864 F.3d 650, 661 (C.A.D.C. 2017) (explaining the application of surety laws); . . .

UNITED STATES, v. SINENENG- SMITH, 140 S. Ct. 1575 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Williams , 553 U.S. 285, 293, 128 S.Ct. 1830, 170 L.Ed.2d 650 (2008) (quoting Los Angeles Police Dept . . . Williams , 553 U.S. 285, 298, 128 S.Ct. 1830, 170 L.Ed.2d 650 (2008) ). . . . Williams , 553 U.S. 285, 301, 128 S.Ct. 1830, 170 L.Ed.2d 650 (2008). . . .

GEORGIA, v. PUBLIC. RESOURCE. ORG, INC., 140 S. Ct. 1498 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Myers , 128 U.S. 617, 645-650, 9 S.Ct. 177, 32 L.Ed. 547 (1888), but are not copyrightable when created . . .

NEW YORK STATE RIFLE PISTOL ASSOCIATION, INC. v. CITY OF NEW YORK, NEW YORK,, 140 S. Ct. 1525 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Slater , 528 U.S. 216, 222, 120 S.Ct. 722, 145 L.Ed.2d 650 (2000) (per curiam ) (internal quotation marks . . .

ROMAG FASTENERS, INC. v. FOSSIL, INC., 140 S. Ct. 1492 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Minnesota Moline Plow Co. , 235 U.S. 641, 644, 650-651, 35 S.Ct. 221, 59 L.Ed. 398 (1915). . . .

L. BARNETTE, v. PROF- LEGAL TITLE, BY U. S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION,, 140 S. Ct. 937 (U.S. 2020)

. . . BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, as Legal Title Trustee No. 19-650 Supreme Court of the United States. . . .

ANIMAL LEGAL DEFENSE FUND v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 935 F.3d 858 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Williams , 553 U.S. 285, 294, 128 S.Ct. 1830, 170 L.Ed.2d 650 (2008). . . .

U. S. SECURITIES EXCHANGE COMMISSION, v. HUI FENG Of PC,, 935 F.3d 721 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Williams , 553 U.S. 285, 306, 128 S.Ct. 1830, 170 L.Ed.2d 650 (2008). . . .

EDMO, v. CORIZON, INC. Al v. Al, 935 F.3d 757 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Abbott , 524 U.S. 624, 650, 118 S.Ct. 2196, 141 L.Ed.2d 540 (1998) ("A health care professional who disagrees . . .

SELECT SPECIALTY HOSPITAL- DENVER, INC. v. M. AZAR II, U. S., 391 F. Supp. 3d 53 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Cotton , 572 U.S. 650, 656-57, 134 S.Ct. 1861, 188 L.Ed.2d 895 (2014) (per curiam); Anderson v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. A. ADAMS,, 934 F.3d 720 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Watts , 535 F.3d 650, 656-57 (7th Cir. 2008), citing United States v. . . .

JANVRIN, J J v. CONTINENTAL RESOURCES, INC., 934 F.3d 845 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Curtis, 650 N.W.2d 537, 542 (S.D. 2002). . . . First Premier Bank, N.A., 650 N.W.2d 829, 837 (S.D. 2002) (holding that a defendant may be found liable . . .

SECRETARY UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR v. BRISTOL EXCAVATING, INC., 935 F.3d 122 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Cotton , 572 U.S. 650, 660, 134 S.Ct. 1861, 188 L.Ed.2d 895 (2014), and the record here contains enough . . .

COLE v. CARSON, v., 935 F.3d 444 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . relating to the officer's perception of danger to himself and thus to qualified immunity. 572 U.S. 650 . . . Cotton , 572 U.S. 650, 655-56, 134 S.Ct. 1861, 188 L.Ed.2d 895 (2014) (per curiam). Id. Lytle v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. STAHLMAN,, 934 F.3d 1199 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Gladish, 536 F.3d 646, 650-51 (7th Cir. 2008) (concluding district court should have allowed expert to . . .

BOWLES, v. DESANTIS,, 934 F.3d 1230 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Campbell, 541 U.S. 637, 650, 124 S.Ct. 2117, 158 L.Ed.2d 924 (2004) (recognizing "the State's significant . . .

TURCO v. CITY OF ENGLEWOOD, NEW JERSEY,, 935 F.3d 155 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Dist. , 650 F.3d 915, 925 (3d Cir. 2011) (en banc ). Kelly v. . . . Williams , 553 U.S. 285, 292, 128 S.Ct. 1830, 170 L.Ed.2d 650 (2008) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. CANO,, 934 F.3d 1002 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Stuart , 547 U.S. 398, 403, 126 S.Ct. 1943, 164 L.Ed.2d 650 (2006) (exigent circumstances; listing other . . .

J. O ROURKE, v. NORTHERN CALIFORNIA ELECTRICAL WORKERS PENSION PLAN, 934 F.3d 993 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . CMTA-IAM Pension Trust , 654 F.2d 650, 655 (9th Cir. 1981) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. GLENN,, 935 F.3d 313 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Brown , 650 F.3d 581, 589 (5th Cir. 2011) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted)). . . . Dvorin , 817 F.3d at 451 (quoting Brown, 650 F.3d at 588 (internal quotation marks omitted)). . . .

UNITED STATES v. G. WAGUESPACK,, 935 F.3d 322 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Kizzee , 877 F.3d 650, 656 (5th Cir. 2017) (quoting Crawford v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. PAWLAK,, 935 F.3d 337 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Williams , 553 U.S. 285, 289, 128 S.Ct. 1830, 170 L.Ed.2d 650 (2008) ; see also Ashcroft v. . . .

WILLIAMS v. TAYLOR SEIDENBACH, INCORPORATED, v., 935 F.3d 358 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Legg , 24 F.3d 650, 654 (5th Cir. 1994). Nothing suggests such a sanction is appropriate here. . . .

DEJORIA, v. MAGHREB PETROLEUM EXPLORATION, S. A., 935 F.3d 381 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Hyundai Motor Co., Ltd. , 650 F.3d 1034, 1040 (5th Cir. 2011) ; Tax Track Sys. Corp. v. . . .

PIZZUTO, Jr. v. BLADES,, 933 F.3d 1166 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . See id. at 650. . . . See Pizzuto I , 202 P.3d at 650-55. . . . See Pizzuto I , 202 P.3d at 650 (citing Shawver v. . . . Ritchie , 103 Idaho 515, 650 P.2d 657, 661 (1982) - applies where, as here, the nonmoving party has made . . .

JEFFERIES, v. UNC REGIONAL PHYSICIANS PEDIATRICS, 392 F. Supp. 3d 620 (M.D.N.C. 2019)

. . . Freightliner, 650 F.3d 321, 338 (4th Cir. 2011) (finding pretext not established where plaintiff "presents . . .

GREYER, v. ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, v., 933 F.3d 871 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Countrywide Home Loans, Inc. , 822 F.3d 650 (2d Cir. 2016) (overturning findings of mail and wire fraud . . .

MUHAMMAD, v. MAYFIELD,, 933 F.3d 993 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . David , 297 F.3d 646, 650 (7th Cir. 2002), they have done so in the context of clarifying the factual . . .

IN RE MIAMI METALS I, INC., 603 B.R. 727 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Intertrans Corp. , 650 So. 2d 72, 75 (Fla. 3d Dist. Ct. App. 1994) (quoting Dunham v. . . .

COEUR D ALENE TRIBE, a v. W. HAWKS A., 933 F.3d 1052 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Thompson , 478 U.S. 804, 810, 106 S.Ct. 3229, 92 L.Ed.2d 650 (1986) (quoting Romero v. . . .

IN RE FIFTH AVENUE AND RELATED PROPERTIES, 934 F.3d 147 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Ultimately, Alavi owned 60% of 650 Fifth Ave. Co. and Assa owned 40%. 650 Fifth Ave. . . . In re 650 Fifth Ave. , 830 F.3d at 97. . . . In re 650 Fifth Ave. , 830 F.3d at 101. . . . In re 650 Fifth Ave. , 830 F.3d at 102. . . . See In re 650 Fifth Ave. , No. 08 Civ. 10934 (KBF), 2017 WL 2214869, at *5-6 ; In re 650 Fifth Ave. , . . . IN RE: 650 FIFTH AVENUE AND RELATED PROPERTIES Docket No. 17-3258(L) August Term 2018 United States Court . . . Debevoise & Plimpton LLP, New York, NY, on the brief), for Claimants-Appellants Alavi Foundation and 650 . . .

HAVLISH, v. FIFTH AVENUE COMPANY, Co., 934 F.3d 174 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Kirschenbaum v. 650 Fifth Ave. & Related Props. , 257 F. Supp. 3d 463 (S.D.N.Y. 2017). . . . In re 650 Fifth Ave. , No. 08 Civ. 10934 (KBF), 2014 WL 1516328, at *13-14. . . . In re 650 Fifth Ave. , No. 08 Civ. 10934 (KBF), 2014 WL 1516328, at *14-21. 3. . . . We noted that 650 Fifth Ave. . . . On the FSIA claims, it found that 650 Fifth Ave. . . . Fiona HAVLISH, et al., Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. 650 FIFTH AVENUE COMPANY, Alavi Foundation, Defendants-Appellants . . .

UNITED STATES E. J. v. ASSA CO. LTD., 934 F.3d 185 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . In re 650 Fifth Ave. & Related Props. , 830 F.3d 66, 75 (2d Cir. 2016). . . . After additional proceedings, Alavi and 650 Fifth Ave. Co. . . . See In re 650 Fifth Ave. , 830 F.3d at 86. . . . We vacated the summary judgment with respect to Alavi and 650 Fifth Ave. Co. . . . In 2017, after Alavi and 650 Fifth Ave. . . .

KIRSCHENBAUM, v. ASSA CORPORATION, Co., 934 F.3d 191 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . The court ordered Assa to turn over substantial property interests, including its stake in 650 Fifth . . . See In re 650 Fifth Ave. & Related Props. , No. 08 Civ. 10934 (KBF), 2014 WL 1516328 (S.D.N.Y. . . . In re 650 Fifth Ave. , No. 08 Civ. 10934 (KBF), 2014 WL 1516328, at *14-21. . . . After Alavi and 650 Fifth Ave. . . . In our decision resolving the interlocutory appeals of Alavi and 650 Fifth Ave. . . . Ltd., Defendants-Appellants, 650 Fifth Avenue Company, Alavi Foundation, Defendants. . . .

MOGARD, v. CITY OF MILBANK,, 932 F.3d 1184 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Independence , 445 U.S. 622, 650, 100 S.Ct. 1398, 63 L.Ed.2d 673 (1980) (city not immune from . . .

FURGESS, v. PENNSYLVANIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS, 933 F.3d 285 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Georgia , 546 U.S. 151, 157, 126 S.Ct. 877, 163 L.Ed.2d 650 (2006). 84 F.3d 246 (7th Cir. 1996). . . .

STERLINSKI, v. CATHOLIC BISHOP OF CHICAGO,, 934 F.3d 568 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . EEOC , 565 U.S. 171, 132 S.Ct. 694, 181 L.Ed.2d 650 (2012), which holds that Title VII of the Civil Rights . . .

KORTRIGHT CAPITAL PARTNERS LP, TY v. INVESTCORP INVESTMENT ADVISERS LIMITED,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 382 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Thus, this Court uses an hourly rate of $650 for Plaintiffs' non-partner level attorneys. . . .

A. JALUDI, v. CITIGROUP, 933 F.3d 246 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . presumptions favoring arbitrability must be negated expressly or by clear implication." 145 F.3d 647, 650 . . .

TEXAS, v. EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION EEOC P. U. S., 933 F.3d 433 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . . § 704 )), vacated in part on other grounds , 650 F.3d 717 (D.C. Cir. 2011) (en banc). . . .

IN RE GOOGLE INC. COOKIE PLACEMENT CONSUMER PRIVACY LITIGATION H., 934 F.3d 316 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Weibell (Argued), Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, 650 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, Michael . . .

JET MIDWEST INTERNATIONAL CO. LTD, v. JET MIDWEST GROUP, LLC, F. F. M., 932 F.3d 1102 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Co. , 650 F.3d 1132, 1134 (8th Cir. 2011). . . .

WARREN, v. FEDERAL NATIONAL MORTGAGE ASSOCIATION,, 932 F.3d 378 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . DQSI, L.L.C. , 894 F.3d 645, 650 (5th Cir. 2018). . . .

ASSOCIATION OF EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS AGCO CNH LLC v. BURGUM, s, 932 F.3d 727 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Supp. 644, 650-51 (D. Minn. 1977). . . .

JACKSON, v. DAVIS,, 933 F.3d 408 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Holland , 560 U.S. at 650, 130 S.Ct. 2549. . . . Biter , 842 F.3d 650, 654-55, 657 (9th Cir. 2016) (en banc) (reversing dismissal of habeas petition as . . .

UNITED STATES v. BOSYK,, 933 F.3d 319 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Stuart , 547 U.S. 398, 403, 126 S.Ct. 1943, 164 L.Ed.2d 650 (2006) ). . . . Doyle , 650 F.3d 460, 467 (4th Cir. 2011) (citing United States v. . . . Doyle , 650 F.3d at 467. . . . See Doyle , 650 F.3d at 474 & n.15 ; see also Raymonda , 780 F.3d at 117 (holding that evidence that . . .

MORENO- MARTINEZ, v. P. BARR,, 932 F.3d 461 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Holder , 640 F.3d 650, 654 (6th Cir. 2010) (citations omitted). . . .

UNITED STATES v. OLOYEDE, v. a k a a k a v. a k a a k a T. v. a k a, 933 F.3d 302 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Dargan , 738 F.3d 643, 650 (4th Cir. 2013) (identifying factors to assess trustworthiness). . . .

UNITED STATES v. KRAEMER,, 933 F.3d 675 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . No. 108-21, § 103(b)(1)(D), 117 Stat. 650, 653 (2003). . . .

OWENS, v. PARRIS,, 932 F.3d 456 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Berghuis , 544 F.3d 650, 652 (6th Cir. 2008). . . .

CRYSTALLEX INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION v. BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA De S. A. D. C. In De S. A., 932 F.3d 126 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . The Republic of Yemen , 218 F.3d 1292, 1300 (11th Cir. 2000) ; Kirschenbaum v. 650 Fifth Ave. , 257 F . . . 2012) (also conducting a Bancec extensive control inquiry), aff'd 703 F.3d 742 (5th Cir. 2012) ; In re 650 . . .

MCCOTTRELL S. v. WHITE, 933 F.3d 651 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Servs. , 675 F.3d 650, 668 (7th Cir. 2012) (pepper spray); Lewis v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. MASSIMINO, 389 F. Supp. 3d 357 (E.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . differ in both time and type from those the original pleading set forth.' " (quoting Mayle, 545 U.S. at 650 . . .

RUIZ- CORTEZ, v. CITY OF CHICAGO,, 931 F.3d 592 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Cook Cty. , 650 F.3d 631, 634 (7th Cir. 2011). . . .

COBA v. FORD MOTOR COMPANY, 932 F.3d 114 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Enters., Inc. , 650 F.3d 1178, 1182 n.2 (8th Cir. 2011) ; United Steel, Paper & Forestry, Rubber, Mfg . . .

UNITED STATES v. DOE,, 932 F.3d 279 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Clawson , 650 F.3d 530 (4th Cir. 2011) ; United States v. . . . See Tadio , 663 F.3d at 1044-45 ; Clawson , 650 F.3d at 534-35 ; Grant , 636 F.3d at 809. . . .

DEXTER, a k a v. DEALOGIC, LLC,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 233 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . (USA), Inc., 650 F.3d 803, 808 (1st Cir. 2011) (noting that under Title VII the offensive conduct "must . . .

HUPP R. H. a v. COOK C. R., 931 F.3d 307 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Turner , 650 F.2d 526, 528 (4th Cir. 1981) ). . . . Turner , 650 F.2d at 528. . . . See Turner , 650 F.2d at 528. . . .

WEST, v. CITY OF CALDWELL, 931 F.3d 978 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Stuart , 547 U.S. 398, 403, 126 S.Ct. 1943, 164 L.Ed.2d 650 (2006) ). . . .

HIGHPOINT TOWER TECHNOLOGY INC. v. COMMISSIONER OF INTERNAL REVENUE,, 931 F.3d 1050 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Comm'r, 591 F.3d 649, 650 (D.C. Cir. 2010), abrogated on other grounds by United States v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. RODRIGUEZ- SORIANO, a k a a k a, 931 F.3d 281 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ron gave Rodriguez-Soriano $650 to buy two guns. . . .

OBASI INVESTMENT LTD Wu v. TIBET PHARMACEUTICALS, INC Yu Z. L. III Co. L. L. P. L. III,, 931 F.3d 179 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Litig. , 650 F.3d 167, 181 (2d Cir. 2011) (citing Herman & MacLean v. . . . See Herman & MacLean , 459 U.S. at 381-82, 103 S.Ct. 683 ; Lehman Bros. , 650 F.3d at 185 ("It is precisely . . . Lehman Bros. , 650 F.3d at 181 (discussing limited scope of § 11 underwriter status). . . .

MATSON, v. SANDERSON FARMS, INC., 388 F. Supp. 3d 853 (S.D. Tex. 2019)

. . . Cotton , 572 U.S. 650, 656, 134 S.Ct. 1861, 188 L.Ed.2d 895 (2014) (per curiam)). . . .

UNITED STATES v. MCKOWN,, 930 F.3d 721 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Filippi , 211 F.3d 649, 650-51 (1st Cir. 2000) ; United States v. . . .

ZACARIAS v. STANFORD INTERNATIONAL BANK, LIMITED, L. v. S. S. v. a a v. De v. S. v. L. v. S. C. v. WGH De De De La v. De De De v. a a De v., 931 F.3d 382 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . App'x 650 (6th Cir. 2007) ). 530 F. App'x 360 (5th Cir. 2013). See id. . . .

BRAEBURN INC. v. UNITED STATES FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION,, 389 F. Supp. 3d 1 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Bd. , 636 F.3d 650, 660 (D.C. Cir. 2011). "This is a requirement an agency can fail." . . .

PEABODY TWENTYMILE MINING, LLC, v. SECRETARY OF LABOR,, 931 F.3d 992 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Thompson, 478 U.S. 804, 808, 106 S.Ct. 3229, 92 L.Ed.2d 650, (1986) ("There is no single, precise definition . . .

RAYNA P. v. CAMPUS COMMUNITY SCHOOL, M. P. v., 390 F. Supp. 3d 556 (D. Del. 2019)

. . . This is well below CLS's rate for attorneys with more than 25 years of experience ($650-700). . . . that at $495 it remains well below CLS's rate for attorneys with more than 25 years of experience ($650 . . .

M. CROCE, v. NEW YORK TIMES COMPANY Jr., 930 F.3d 787 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Croce has published over 650 papers. R. 32 (Am. Compl. at ¶¶ 31-32) (Page ID #608). . . .

G. a a G. v. FAY SCHOOL,, 931 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Chestnut Hill Realty Corp., 38 Mass.App.Ct. 573, 650 N.E.2d 93, 96 (1995) (statements concerning "matters . . .

G. BROWN, v. SERENITY C C, INC., 391 F. Supp. 3d 546 (E.D. Va. 2019)

. . . Cotton, 572 U.S. 650, 657, 134 S.Ct. 1861, 188 L.Ed.2d 895 (2014) ). III. DISCUSSION A. . . .

CHACOTY, v. POMPEO, U. S., 392 F. Supp. 3d 1 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Xia , 865 F.3d at 650. . . .

IN RE J. ELMS, D. W., 603 B.R. 11 (Bankr. S.D. Ohio 2019)

. . . In re Beaird , 578 B.R. 643, 650 (Bankr. D. Kan. 2017). . . .

GRAVES, I. Y. M. Y. A. Y. v. A. LIOI L. Jr. I. Y. M. Y. A. Y. v. A. L. Jr., 930 F.3d 307 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Cotton , 572 U.S. 650, 657, 134 S.Ct. 1861, 188 L.Ed.2d 895 (2014). . . .

UNITED STATES v. LIPSCOMB,, 386 F. Supp. 3d 680 (E.D. Va. 2019)

. . . Doyle, 650 F.3d 460, 471 (4th Cir. 2011) (quoting U.S. Const. amend. IV ). . . . Doyle, 650 F.3d 460 (4th Cir. 2011), in which the Fourth Circuit held there was no probable cause to . . . Doyle, 650 F.3d at 473. . . . In Doyle, the Fourth Circuit was analyzing the Virginia state law definition of "child pornography." 650 . . .

SHOCKLEY, v. PRIMELENDING, a, 929 F.3d 1012 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Anheuser-Busch, LLC , 567 S.W.3d 644, 650 (Mo. Ct. . . .

ALARM DETECTION SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED, v. ORLAND FIRE PROTECTION DISTRICT,, 929 F.3d 865 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Tyco currently provides systems to almost all of the 650 accounts in the Villages. . . .

COLLINS, v. UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME DU LAC,, 929 F.3d 830 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Fazli , 650 N.E.2d 1126, 1129 (Ind. 1995). . . .

FUSARO, v. R. COGAN, C. J. A. J. Jr., 930 F.3d 241 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Balcerzak , 650 F.3d 515, 525 (4th Cir. 2011) (applying intermediate scrutiny to referendum signature . . . See Kendall , 650 F.3d at 525 (declining to apply strict scrutiny to Maryland Election Law provision . . . See Kendall , 650 F.3d at 525 (applying intermediate scrutiny to regulations on referendum signatures . . . See Kendall , 650 F.3d at 525-26 (applying intermediate scrutiny to "nondiscriminatory" state petition . . .

PENNSYLVANIA v. PRESIDENT UNITED STATES D. C., 930 F.3d 543 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Milgram, 650 F.3d 223, 229 (3d Cir. 2011) (en banc)). . . . EEOC, 565 U.S. 171, 132 S.Ct. 694, 181 L.Ed.2d 650 (2012) (discussing the existence of a ministerial . . .

LOPEZ, v. WILSONART, LLC, 275 So. 3d 831 (Fla. App. Ct. 2019)

. . . Alfonso, 650 So. 2d 644, 646 (Fla. 2d DCA 1995) (citing Humphrys v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. PEREZ,, 929 F.3d 1106 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Chandler , 743 F.3d 648, 650 (9th Cir. 2014), cert. granted, judgment vacated on other grounds , --- . . .

MENENDEZ- GONZALEZ, v. P. BARR,, 929 F.3d 1113 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Holder , 771 F.3d 647, 650 (9th Cir. 2014). . . .

UNITED STATES v. PEREZ,, 932 F.3d 782 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Chandler , 743 F.3d 648, 650 (9th Cir. 2014), cert. granted, judgment vacated on other grounds , --- . . .

UNITED STATES v. DANIELS,, 930 F.3d 393 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Stuart , 547 U.S. 398, 403, 126 S.Ct. 1943, 164 L.Ed.2d 650 (2006) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. BULUC,, 930 F.3d 383 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Kizzee , 877 F.3d 650, 661 (5th Cir. 2017) (alteration in original) (internal quotation marks omitted . . .

UNITED STATES v. WILLIAMS,, 930 F.3d 44 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Stuart , 547 U.S. 398, 403, 126 S.Ct. 1943, 164 L.Ed.2d 650 (2006) ; see Riley v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. FIGUEROA- FIGUEROA,, 388 F. Supp. 3d 70 (D. P.R. 2019)

. . . Stuart, 547 U.S. 398, 126 S.Ct. 1943, 164 L.Ed.2d 650 (2006). . . .

LLOYD S SYNDICATE v. FLOATEC LLC,, 388 F. Supp. 3d 835 (S.D. Tex. 2019)

. . . Cotton , 572 U.S. 650, 656, 134 S.Ct. 1861, 188 L.Ed.2d 895 (2014) (per curiam)). III. . . .

TOWNES TELECOMMUNICATIONS, INC. v. NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 585 (E.D. Va. 2019)

. . . Thompson , 478 U.S. 804, 808, 106 S.Ct. 3229, 92 L.Ed.2d 650 (1986). . . . Thompson , 478 U.S. 804, 106 S.Ct. 3229, 92 L.Ed.2d 650 (1986). . . .

COBA v. FORD MOTOR COMPANY, 930 F.3d 174 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Enters., Inc. , 650 F.3d 1178, 1182 n.2 (8th Cir. 2011) ; United Steel, Paper & Forestry, Rubber, Mfg . . .