The 2023 Florida Statutes (including Special Session C)

Title XXXIX
COMMERCIAL RELATIONS

Chapter 685
CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT: CHOICE OF LAW

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CHAPTER 685

CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT: CHOICE OF LAW

685.101 Choice of law.

685.102 Jurisdiction.

685.101 Choice of law.—

(1) The parties to any contract, agreement, or undertaking, contingent or otherwise, in consideration of or relating to any obligation arising out of a transaction involving in the aggregate not less than $250,000, the equivalent thereof in any foreign currency, or services or tangible or intangible property, or both, of equivalent value, including a transaction otherwise covered by s. 671.105(1), may, to the extent permitted under the United States Constitution, agree that the law of this state will govern such contract, agreement, or undertaking, the effect thereof and their rights and duties thereunder, in whole or in part, whether or not such contract, agreement, or undertaking bears any relation to this state.

(2) This section does not apply to any contract, agreement, or undertaking:

(a) Regarding any transaction which does not bear a substantial or reasonable relation to this state in which every party is either or a combination of:

1. A resident and citizen of the United States, but not of this state; or

2. Incorporated or organized under the laws of another state and does not maintain a place of business in this state;

(b) For labor or employment;

(c) Relating to any transaction for personal, family, or household purposes, unless such contract, agreement, or undertaking concerns a trust at least one trustee of which resides or transacts business as a trustee in this state, in which case this section applies;

(d) To the extent provided to the contrary in s. 671.105(2); or

(e) To the extent such contract, agreement, or undertaking is otherwise covered or affected by s. 655.55.

(3) This section does not limit or deny the enforcement of any provision respecting choice of law in any other contract, agreement, or undertaking.

(4) This section applies to:

(a) Contracts entered into on or after June 27, 1989; and

(b) Contracts entered into prior to June 27, 1989, if an action or proceeding relating to such contract is commenced on or after June 27, 1989.

History.—s. 1, ch. 89-135.

685.102 Jurisdiction.—

(1) Notwithstanding any law that limits the right of a person to maintain an action or proceeding, any person may, to the extent permitted under the United States Constitution, maintain in this state an action or proceeding against any person or other entity residing or located outside this state, if the action or proceeding arises out of or relates to any contract, agreement, or undertaking for which a choice of the law of this state, in whole or in part, has been made pursuant to s. 685.101 and which contains a provision by which such person or other entity residing or located outside this state agrees to submit to the jurisdiction of the courts of this state.

(2) This section does not affect the jurisdiction of the courts of this state over any action or proceeding arising out of or relating to any other contract, agreement, or undertaking.

(3) This section applies to:

(a) Contracts entered into on or after June 27, 1989; and

(b) Contracts entered into prior to June 27, 1989, if an action or proceeding relating to such contract is commenced on or after June 27, 1989.

History.—s. 2, ch. 89-135.

F.S. 685 on Google Scholar

F.S. 685 on Casetext

Amendments to 685

Arrestable Offenses / Crimes under Fla. Stat. 685

Level: Degree
Misdemeanor/Felony: First/Second/Third

Current data shows no reason an arrest or criminal charge should have occurred directly under Florida Statute 685.

Annotations, Discussions, Cases:

Cases from cite.case.law:

J. TRUMP, v. R. VANCE, Jr., 140 S. Ct. 2412 (U.S. 2020)

. . . See Clinton , 520 U.S. at 685, 117 S.Ct. 1636 ; Nixon , 418 U.S. at 687,94 S.Ct. 3090. . . .

MCGIRT, v. OKLAHOMA, 140 S. Ct. 2452 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Arizona Tax Comm'n , 380 U.S. 685, 690-692, 85 S.Ct. 1242, 14 L.Ed.2d 165 (1965) (barring State from . . .

P. BARR, v. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF POLITICAL CONSULTANTS, INC., 140 S. Ct. 2335 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Alaska Airlines , 480 U.S., at 685, 107 S.Ct. 1476. . . .

SEILA LAW LLC, v. CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION BUREAU, 140 S. Ct. 2183 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Brock , 480 U.S. 678, 685, 107 S.Ct. 1476, 94 L.Ed.2d 661 (1987). . . . the removal issue, the Court constantly spoke of "officers" and "officials" in general. 487 U.S., at 685 . . .

BOSTOCK, v. CLAYTON COUNTY, GEORGIA v. Jr. Co- R. G. G. R. v., 140 S. Ct. 1731 (U.S. 2020)

. . . EEOC , 462 U.S. 669, 682-685, 103 S.Ct. 2622, 77 L.Ed.2d 89 (1983). . . .

COUNTY OF MAUI, HAWAII, v. HAWAII WILDLIFE FUND,, 140 S. Ct. 1462 (U.S. 2020)

. . . McBride , 564 U.S. 685, 701, 131 S.Ct. 2630, 180 L.Ed.2d 637 (2011) (plurality opinion). . . .

K. KAHLER, v. KANSAS, 140 S. Ct. 1021 (U.S. 2020)

. . . Psych. 681, 685 (1983). . . .

W. PAUL v. UNITED STATES, 140 S. Ct. 342 (U.S. 2019)

. . . American Petroleum Institute , 448 U.S. 607, 685-686, 100 S.Ct. 2844, 65 L.Ed.2d 1010 (1980) (Rehnquist . . .

UNITED STATES v. TAYLOR, v., 935 F.3d 1279 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . McLamb , 880 F.3d 685, 691 (4th Cir. 2018) (stating that officials seeking the NIT warrant were "[w]ithout . . . McLamb , 880 F.3d 685, 691 (4th Cir.), cert. denied , --- U.S. ----, 139 S. . . .

SCHINK, v. COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY,, 935 F.3d 1245 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . See generally DSM-IV-TR at 685, 701-17. . . .

IN RE CORPORATE RESOURCE SERVICES, INC. S. v., 603 B.R. 888 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Bairnco Corp ., 288 B.R. 678, 685-87 (S.D.N.Y. 2003), aff'd , 99 F. App'x 274 (2d Cir. 2004). . . .

J. GENZER, v. JAMES RIVER INSURANCE COMPANY,, 934 F.3d 1156 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Supp. 677, 685 (N.D. Ill. 1994) (same), aff'd , 39 F.3d 138 (7th Cir. 1994). . . .

RAWA, A. W. Jr. v. MONSANTO COMPANY, v., 934 F.3d 862 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Lopez , 862 F.3d 685, 699 (8th Cir. 2017) (concluding an objector had standing because "if the settlement . . .

BURKE, v. REGALADO, v., 935 F.3d 960 (10th Cir. 2019)

. . . Frontier Fire Prot., Inc. , 685 F.3d 1151, 1154 (10th Cir. 2012) (quotations omitted). . . . Co. , 685 F.3d 1196, 1202 (10th Cir. 2012) (quotations and brackets omitted). . . .

REGAN v. CITY OF HAMMOND, INDIANA,, 934 F.3d 700 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ct. 1801, 1808, 170 L.Ed.2d 685 (2008) ; Am. Trucking Ass'ns, Inc. v. Mich. Pub. Serv. . . .

UNITED STATES v. CRUM,, 934 F.3d 963 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Pepe , 895 F.3d 679, 685-86 (9th Cir. 2018). . . .

MEJIA- RAMOS, v. P. BARR,, 934 F.3d 789 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Holder, 685 F.3d 707, 711 (8th Cir. 2012) (quoting Al Yatim, 531 F.3d at 587 ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. PAWLAK,, 935 F.3d 337 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . McLamb , 880 F.3d 685, 690-91 (4th Cir. 2018) ; United States v. . . .

MAO- MSO RECOVERY II, LLC, v. STATE FARM MUTUAL AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE COMPANY, L., 935 F.3d 573 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Litig. , 685 F.3d 353, 364-65 (3d Cir. 2012). . . . Litig. , 685 F.3d 353, 355 (3d Cir. 2012). . . .

PIZZUTO, Jr. v. BLADES,, 933 F.3d 1166 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Huckleberry Estates, L.L.C. , 140 Idaho 354, 93 P.3d 685, 691-92 (2004) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. C. BROWN, v. N., 934 F.3d 1278 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . See Eleventh Circuit Pattern Jury Instructions (Criminal Cases), Trial Instruction 5, at 685-86 (2016 . . . See Eleventh Circuit Pattern Jury Instructions (Criminal Cases), Trial Instruction 5, at 685-86 (2016 . . . 40 (2010), with Eleventh Circuit Pattern Jury Instructions (Criminal Cases), Trial Instruction 5, at 685 . . .

ESTATE OF ROMAIN, v. CITY OF GROSSE POINTE FARMS A. J., 935 F.3d 485 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Reynolds , 438 F.3d 685, 695 (6th Cir. 2006) ("Had the officers organized or participated in [the crime . . .

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR GUN RIGHTS, INC. v. MANGAN, G. J., 933 F.3d 1102 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . McKenna , 685 F.3d 800, 809 (9th Cir. 2012), for example, upheld requirements that organizations disclose . . . Family PAC , 685 F.3d at 811. . . .

LANDMARK AMERICAN INSURANCE COMPANY, v. DEERFIELD CONSTRUCTION, INC. v. J., 933 F.3d 806 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . App. 3d 376, 380, 218 Ill.Dec. 685, 669 N.E.2d 1211 (1996). . . .

MARTIN, v. MARINEZ,, 934 F.3d 594 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . McBride , 564 U.S. 685, 691, 131 S.Ct. 2630, 180 L.Ed.2d 637 (2011) ("The term 'proximate cause' is shorthand . . .

IN RE MIAMI METALS I, INC., 603 B.R. 727 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Berinstein , 183 Misc. 685, 50 N.Y.S.2d 186, 188 (Sup. . . .

UNITED STATES v. M. SWARTZ,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 199 (N.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Hall , 877 F.3d 676, 685 (6th Cir. 2017) (quoting FED. R. CIV. P. SUPP. R. . . .

EHRMAN, v. COX COMMUNICATIONS, INC. COXCOM, LLC LLC,, 932 F.3d 1223 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Co. , 443 F.3d 676, 685 (9th Cir. 2006). . . .

AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION, N. A. v. UNITED STATES,, 932 F.3d 1375 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . Brand , 303 U.S. 95, 105, 58 S.Ct. 443, 82 L.Ed. 685 (1938). For example, in Hall v. . . .

WYNNEWOOD REFINING COMPANY, L. L. C. v. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH REVIEW COMMISSION, 933 F.3d 499 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . N.L.R.B. , 299 F.2d 683, 685 (4th Cir. 1962) ; see also Eastern Air Lines, Inc. v. . . .

C. S. MCCROSSAN INC. v. FEDERAL INSURANCE COMPANY, 932 F.3d 1142 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Schwieger , 685 F.3d 697, 700 (8th Cir. 2012). . . .

UNITED STATES v. THOMAS,, 933 F.3d 605 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Mehra , 186 F.3d 685, 689 (6th Cir.1999) (en banc). Others have applied clear-error review. . . . McKeighan , 685 F.3d 956, 975 (10th Cir. 2012). . . .

ALI, v. U. S. ATTORNEY GENERAL,, 931 F.3d 1327 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . I.N.S. , 956 F.2d 682, 685 (7th Cir. 1992) ), we do not raise all record evidence that the Board failed . . .

SANDHU, LLC, a v. L. KANZLER, Jr. LLC, a, 932 F.3d 1107 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Registration Sys., Inc., 685 F.3d 663, 674 (8th Cir. 2012) (stating that the appellants "waived [an] . . .

UNITED STATES v. ELDRED, 933 F.3d 110 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . McLamb, 880 F.3d 685, 691 (4th Cir. 2018) ; see also United States v. . . . McLamb , 880 F.3d 685, 690-91 (4th Cir. 2018) ; United States v. . . .

COFFEY, v. CARROLL, 933 F.3d 577 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . City of Akron , 418 F.3d 676, 685 (6th Cir. 2005). a. . . .

FRYE, v. CSX TRANSPORTATION, INC., 933 F.3d 591 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . United Broth. of Carpenters and Joiners of Am. , 685 F.2d 164, 169-70 (6th Cir. 1982) (Keith, J., concurring . . .

PEOPLES GAS SYSTEM, a a v. POSEN CONSTRUCTION, INC. a, 931 F.3d 1337 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Co. , 685 F.3d 1205, 1211 (11th Cir. 2012). QUESTION CERTIFIED. . . .

ALLSTATE INDEMNITY COMPANY, v. DIXON, 932 F.3d 696 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Shipman, 436 S.W.3d 683, 685 (Mo. Ct. App. 2014) (quoting Bateman v. State Farm Fire & Cas. . . . Co., 814 S.W.2d 684, 685 (Mo. Ct. App. 1991) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. HERNANDEZ- MIESES,, 931 F.3d 134 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Lesane, 685 Fed. . . .

FORCE, A. H. H. F. A. L. F. N. E. F, N. S. F. S. R. F. A. H. H. F. A. L. F. N. E. F. N. S. F. S. R. F. A. H. H. F. A. L. F. N. E. F, N. S. F. S. R. F. TZVI S. S. R. M. M. R. R. M. R. S. Z. R. S. S. R. M. M. R. R. M. R. S. Z. R. S. S. R. M. M. R. R. M. R. S. Z. R. v. FACEBOOK, INC., 934 F.3d 53 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Bd. of Health , 685 F.3d 174, 183 n.7 (2d Cir. 2012) (taking judicial notice of content of website whose . . .

UNITED STATES v. FELDMAN,, 931 F.3d 1245 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . State , 246 Ind. 680, 208 N.E.2d 685, 688-69 (1965) ). . . .

UNITED STATES v. CORNETTE,, 932 F.3d 204 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 716 F.3d 685, 688 (2d Cir. 2013) ("Whether a prior conviction qualifies as a predicate . . .

UNITED STATES v. D. JACKSON, v. D., 932 F.3d 556 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Salas , 889 F.3d 681, 685 (10th Cir. 2018). In Davis , the Court ended the waiting. . . .

LACEY, Ry v. NORAC, INC., 932 F.3d 657 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Norac, Inc., 685 Fed. App'x. 510 (8th Cir. 2017) (per curiam). . . .

JOHNSON O v. DUXBURY, MASSACHUSETTS, 931 F.3d 102 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Von Raab, 489 U.S. 656, 665, 109 S.Ct. 1384, 103 L.Ed.2d 685 (1989) ). . . .

DOLS, v. SAUL,, 931 F.3d 741 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Hansen , 450 U.S. 785, 789, 101 S.Ct. 1468, 67 L.Ed.2d 685 (1981) (per curiam). . . .

IN RE BROWN,, 932 F.3d 162 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . over when, what, and how many pretrial matters are assigned to magistrates," Raddatz , 447 U.S. at 685 . . .

Z. J. a BY AND THROUGH Je JONES, v. KANSAS CITY BOARD OF POLICE COMMISSIONERS,, 931 F.3d 672 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Ante , at 685-86. . . .

UNITED STATES v. MUSCHETTE, 392 F. Supp. 3d 282 (E.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Id. at 685-86. Nevertheless, Pagett declined Grant's offer to take violent action against Johnson. . . .

PEERLESS INSURANCE COMPANY, v. TECHNOLOGY INSURANCE COMPANY, INC., 392 F. Supp. 3d 313 (E.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Co., 92 N.Y.2d 682, 687, 685 N.Y.S.2d 411, 708 N.E.2d 167 (1999) ). . . .

K. T. v. ROYAL CARIBBEAN CRUISES, LTD., 931 F.3d 1041 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Sheriff of Palm Beach Cty., 685 F.3d 1261, 1265 (11th Cir. 2012) (quotation marks omitted). . . . Butler, 685 F.3d at 1265 (second alteration in original) (quotation marks omitted). . . .

DAWSON- MURDOCK, v. NATIONAL COUNSELING GROUP, INC., 931 F.3d 269 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Hurley , 911 F.3d 674, 685 (4th Cir. 2018). . . .

KHRAPUNOV, v. PROSYANKIN, 931 F.3d 922 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Pastore , 469 U.S. 238, 240, 105 S.Ct. 685, 83 L.Ed.2d 618 (1985) ); see also Lowry v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. HUNT,, 930 F.3d 921 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . Burns , 843 F.3d 679, 685 (7th Cir. 2016). . . .

DIAZ- QUIRAZCO, v. P. BARR,, 931 F.3d 830 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . See id. at 685 ; ORS §§ 161.505, 161.515. . . . Holder , 685 F.3d 857, 865 (9th Cir. 2012) (quoting Fregozo v. . . . Unlike in Flores-Lopez , 685 F.3d at 866, where we remanded to the BIA because "it [wa]s unclear whether . . . Dec. at 685-86. . . .

UNITED STATES v. LINDSAY,, 931 F.3d 852 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . where traveling is broader than transit and encompasses the entire trip or tour, Pepe , 895 F.3d at 685 . . .

RADIOWALA, a k a a k a v. ATTORNEY GENERAL UNITED STATES, 930 F.3d 577 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . Att'y Gen. of U.S. , 685 F.3d 318, 321 (3d Cir. 2012) ). . . .

PRESQUE ISLE COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY, v. HIGHMARK HEALTH, f k a f k a, 391 F. Supp. 3d 485 (W.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . Corp. , 451 Pa. 154, 301 A.2d 684, 685 (1973) ("[a]ppellant contends that his amended complaint stated . . .

ACE AMERICAN INSURANCE COMPANY, a v. WATTLES COMPANY, a, 930 F.3d 1240 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Staton, 286 Ga. 23, 685 S.E.2d 263, 265 (2009) ; see also Dorsey v. . . . See Staton, 685 S.E.2d at 265-66 (rejecting the holding of the Court of Appeals that the policy's definition . . . Staton, 685 S.E.2d at 266. . . . Staton, 685 S.E.2d at 266 (alteration in original) (citation omitted). . . . S.E.2d at 787 (emphasis added), such that there is "more than one reasonable interpretation," Staton, 685 . . .

ASSOCIATION FOR COMMUNITY AFFILIATED PLANS, v. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF TREASURY,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 22 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Corp. , 940 F.2d 685, 698 (D.C. Cir. 1991) ). . . .

E. A. J. A. A. v. K. GARDNER,, 929 F.3d 922 (7th Cir. 2019)

. . . App. 3d 379, 387, 226 Ill.Dec. 583, 685 N.E.2d 1038 (1997) ; Griffiths v. Griffiths , 127 Ill. . . .

HEJRAN HEJRAT CO. LTD, v. UNITED STATES ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS,, 930 F.3d 1354 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . United States , 685 F.2d 414, 418 n.11 (Ct. Cl. 1982) (citation omitted). . . .

M. RETFALVI, v. UNITED STATES, 930 F.3d 600 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Zurich Ins., PLC , 685 F.3d 376, 387 (4th Cir. 2012) (noting that a treaty can have both self-executing . . . PLC , 685 F.3d 376, 388 (4th Cir. 2012) ; Kofa v. U.S. . . .

GREEN, v. KENNEWAY,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 275 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Washington , 466 U.S. 668, 685, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). . . .

MURPHY, v. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA,, 390 F. Supp. 3d 59 (D.D.C. 2019)

. . . Gov't, 875 F.3d 685, 696 (D.C. Cir. 2017). . . .

FITZGERALD TRUCK PARTS AND SALES, LLC, v. UNITED STATES, 391 F. Supp. 3d 794 (M.D. Tenn. 2019)

. . . Hansen, 450 U.S. 785, 788, 101 S.Ct. 1468, 67 L.Ed.2d 685 (1981) ; INS v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. RANKIN,, 929 F.3d 399 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Comm'r , 685 F.3d 730, 735 (8th Cir. 2012). . . .

DILLARD v. CITY OF SPRINGDALE, ARKANSAS O L. P. L. P. USA, LLC v. O L. P. L. P. USA, LLC, 930 F.3d 935 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Coney , 2013 Ark. 222, 427 S.W.3d 682, 685 (2013). . . .

STARR INDEMNITY LIABILITY COMPANY, v. BRIGHTSTAR CORP., 388 F. Supp. 3d 304 (S.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Oppenheim, Appel, Dixon & Co., 86 N.Y.2d 685, 690, 636 N.Y.S.2d 734, 660 N.E.2d 415 (1995). . . .

BRUMBACH, v. UNITED STATES v., 929 F.3d 791 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Sec'y of Health & Human Servs. , 774 F.2d 685, 689 (6th Cir. 1985). III. . . .

AUTOMOTIVE BODY PARTS ASSOCIATION, v. FORD GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES, LLC,, 930 F.3d 1314 (Fed. Cir. 2019)

. . . The D '685 patent, titled "Vehicle Head Lamp," claims "[t]he ornamental design for a vehicle head lamp . . . International Trade Commission when Ford accused a number of ABPA members of infringing the D '299 and D '685 . . . district court, seeking a declaratory judgment of invalidity or unenforceability of the D '299 and D '685 . . . vehicle hood," see D '299 patent, Claim, and "[t]he ornamental design for a vehicle head lamp," see D '685 . . .

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA v. J. TRUMP, D. M., 930 F.3d 209 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Iqbal , 556 U.S. 662, 685-86, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009). . . .

FLINN, v. DOTY, A., 275 So. 3d 671 (Fla. App. Ct. 2019)

. . . Id. at 685. . . .

UNITED STATES v. BRIONES, Jr., 929 F.3d 1057 (9th Cir. 2019)

. . . Meredith , 685 F.3d 814, 818, 826-27 (9th Cir. 2012) (partially vacating a sentence because the district . . .

SAMANTHA S. v. COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY,, 385 F. Supp. 3d 174 (N.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Schweiker , 685 F.2d 60, 62 (2d Cir. 1982) ; Rosado v. Sullivan , 805 F. . . .

ARIAS LEIVA, v. WARDEN,, 928 F.3d 1281 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Shipley , 418 F.2d 679, 685 (5th Cir. 1969) (explaining that "it would defeat the whole object of extradition . . .

L. MILLER, MRFS v. SBA TOWERS V, LLC, PCS, LLC,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 123 (D. Mass. 2019)

. . . Perse, 628 F.2d 679, 685 (1st Cir. 1980) ; see also Elena v. . . .

UNITED STATES v. L. WILLIAMS,, 929 F.3d 539 (8th Cir. 2019)

. . . Hollins, 685 F.3d 703, 706 (8th Cir. 2012) (internal quotation marks omitted). . . . Hollins, 685 F.3d at 706 (internal quotation marks omitted). . . .

FORTUNE SOCIETY, v. SANDCASTLE TOWERS HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FUND CORP. LLC, LLC, E M LLC,, 388 F. Supp. 3d 145 (E.D.N.Y. 2019)

. . . Port Auth. of NY & NJ, 685 F.3d 135, 150 (2d Cir. 2012). . . .

STERNGOLD DENTAL, LLC, v. HDI GLOBAL INSURANCE COMPANY,, 929 F.3d 1 (1st Cir. 2019)

. . . Supp. 3d 674, 685 (S.D. Ohio 2017) (similar). Sterngold has a fallback position. . . .

UNITED STATES v. DINKINS,, 928 F.3d 349 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Orr , 685 F. . . .

ENGINEERING GROUP, LLC, v. MACK INDUSTRIES OF KALAMAZOO, LLC, f k a, 390 F. Supp. 3d 946 (E.D. Wis. 2019)

. . . Huffy Corp. , 274 Wis.2d 500, 685 N.W.2d 373, 377 (Wis. Ct. App. 2004) ). . . . Huffy Corp. , 274 Wis. 2d 500, 509, 685 N.W.2d 373 (citing Leasefirst v. . . . Id . at 510, 685 N.W.2d 373 ("Here, it is unreasonable to enforce the forum selection clause because . . .

W. HOLMES, v. GROOMS,, 391 F. Supp. 3d 536 (E.D. Va. 2019)

. . . PLC, 685 F.3d 376, 394 (4th Cir. 2012) ; Ballard v. Fernandez, 599 Fed. . . .

IN RE VALEZ, s s v. EZ a s, 601 B.R. 351 (Bankr. M.D. Pa. 2019)

. . . See In re Wolf , 556 B.R. 676, 685 (Bankr. E.D. Pa. 2016), aff'd , 573 B.R. 179 (E.D. . . . In re Wolf , 556 B.R. 676, 685 (Bankr. E.D. Pa. 2016), aff'd , 573 B.R. 179 (E.D. . . .

BERKSHIRE v. BEAUVAIS,, 928 F.3d 520 (6th Cir. 2019)

. . . Sec'y of Health & Human Servs. , 774 F.2d 685, 689 (6th Cir. 1985). As Dr. . . .

RAULERSON, Jr. v. WARDEN,, 928 F.3d 987 (11th Cir. 2019)

. . . Cone , 535 U.S. 685, 694, 122 S.Ct. 1843, 152 L.Ed.2d 914 (2002). . . .

UNITED STATES v. FURLOW,, 928 F.3d 311 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Cohen , 888 F.3d 667, 685 (4th Cir. 2018). . . .

UNITED STATES v. DIGGLES, 928 F.3d 380 (5th Cir. 2019)

. . . Mudd , 685 F.3d 473, 480 (5th Cir. 2012). . . .

TENNESSEE WINE AND SPIRITS RETAILERS ASSOCIATION, v. F. THOMAS,, 139 S. Ct. 2449 (U.S. 2019)

. . . Davis , 553 U.S. 328, 338, 128 S.Ct. 1801, 170 L.Ed.2d 685 (2008). . . .

CALOGERO v. SHOWS, CALI WALSH, LLP, a C., 385 F. Supp. 3d 483 (E.D. La. 2019)

. . . Supp. 678, 685-86 (N.D. . . .

HYMAN, v. D. BROWN,, 927 F.3d 639 (2nd Cir. 2019)

. . . Cone , 535 U.S. 685, 701-02, 122 S.Ct. 1843, 152 L.Ed.2d 914 (2002). . . .

UNITED STATES v. MURILLO,, 927 F.3d 808 (4th Cir. 2019)

. . . Washington , 466 U.S. 668, 685-86, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). . . .

D. AUGE, v. FAIRCHILD EQUIPMENT, INC., 388 F. Supp. 3d 1071 (D. Minn. 2019)

. . . Heritage Renovations, LLC , 685 N.W.2d 320 (Minn. 2004) and Lundeen v. Cozy Cab Mfg. . . . Court reversed the trial court's grant of summary judgment in light of the "procuring cause" doctrine. 685 . . .

ESTATE OF OSUNA, v. COUNTY OF STANISLAUS, s, 392 F. Supp. 3d 1162 (E.D. Cal. 2019)

. . . City of Los Angeles , 250 F.3d 668, 685 (9th Cir. 2001). . . .

GELITA USA, INC. v. HAMMOND WATER WORKS DEPARTMENT,, 392 F. Supp. 3d 901 (N.D. Ill. 2019)

. . . Davis , 553 U.S. 328, 339, 128 S.Ct. 1801, 170 L.Ed.2d 685 (2008) (alternations in original) (internal . . .

THE DUTRA GROUP, v. BATTERTON, 139 S. Ct. 2275 (U.S. 2019)

. . . McQuillen , 91 F. 685, 686-687 (Conn. 1899) ; The Lizzie Frank , 31 F. 477, 480 (SD Ala. 1887) ; The . . .

IANCU, v. BRUNETTI, 139 S. Ct. 2294 (U.S. 2019)

. . . Fraser , 478 U.S. 675, 685, 106 S.Ct. 3159, 92 L.Ed.2d 549 (1986) (treating punishment of "offensively . . . Fraser , 478 U.S. 675, 677-678, 685, 106 S.Ct. 3159, 92 L.Ed.2d 549 (1986) (upholding discipline of high . . .

UNITED STATES, v. DAVIS, 139 S. Ct. 2319 (U.S. 2019)

. . . Salas , 889 F.3d 681, 685-686 (CA10 2018), and United States v. . . .

HERAEUS MEDICAL GMBH, v. ESSCHEM, INC., 927 F.3d 727 (3rd Cir. 2019)

. . . App. 4th 575, 582, 77 Cal.Rptr.3d 685 (2008) (collecting cases and noting the same). . . .